GASANA vs RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD

GASANA vs RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-05-12 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00020/2022/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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GASANA vs RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RC 00020/2022/SC (Cyanzayire, P.J., Karimunda na Muhumuza J.) 12 Gicurasi 2023] Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza Mbonezamubano – Kurega – ibimenyetso – Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. Bityo, uvuga ko imodoka ye yatinze gukoreshwa kubera umwishingizi, agomba kubitangira ibimenyetso yabibura umwishingizi agatsinda. Amategeko yerekeye indishyi – Indishyi z’igihombo – Indishyi z’igihombo ni izishumbusha uziregera ku byo yatakaje kubera igikorwa cy’undi cyangwa indi mpamvu. Usaba indishyi z’igihombo agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo yahombye n’ingano y’ibyo yifuza kwishyurwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Gasana arega Radiant Insurance Company Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare Gasana asaba Urukiko gutegeka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kumwishyura amafaranga yishyuye ku bukode bw’imodoka yakoreshaga igihe iye yari mu igaraji ndetse n’ay’ibikoresho by’imodoka ye byangiritse kubera igihe yamaze iparitse, nyuma yuko imodoka ye ya Land Rover Discovery ifite plaque RAB 385 Q, igonzwe n’imodoka Toyota Yaris ifite plaque RAD 126 A yari itwawe na Sande Musafiri Mustafa warufite ubwishingizi muri Radiant. Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yo yavuze ko ikirego cya Gasana kidakwiye kwakirwa kuko nta nyungu n’ububasha afite byo

kurega bitewe n’uko imodoka yita iye itamwanditseho ahubwo yanditse kuri Nsengiyumva Lorman. Ivuga ko inshingano yayo ari ukwishyura uwasannye imodoka yangiritse, isaba Urukiko kugena umuhanga wo kongera gukora devis y’imodoka yakoze impanuka. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00072/2018/TGI/NYG rwemeje ko, Gasana afite ububasha n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga ikirego; ko atari ngombwa gushyiraho undi muhanga wo gukora devis kandi hari iziri muri dosiye kandi zakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, Ko hari ibimenyetso ibimenyetso byuko Gasana yishyuye 17.250.000Frw y’ubukode bw’imodoka; ko amafaranga y’igihombo Gasana yasabaga ntayo akwiye guhabwa kuko atayatangira ibimenyetso. Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ivuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwayitegetse gukoresha imodoka kuri devis ifite agaciro ka 4.177.200Frw kandi muri dosiye harimo indi devis igaragaza ko imodoka ishobora gukoreshwa ku giciro cya 749.418Frw, isaba Urukiko gushyiraho undi muhanga ukora indi devis. Gasana yasabye Urukiko kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Radiant nta shingiro bufite kuko devis ya 4.177.200Frw yashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere yakozwe n’igaraji JSB Service & General Trading Ltd yoherejwemo na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd. Urukiko rwategetse ko hajyaho undi muhanga. Uyu muhanga yemeje ko imodoka yangiritse yakoreshwa ku giciro cya 1.032.500Frw hatarimo Trompette de pot ARR na Cardat +

Cloison. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00062/2019/HC/RWG rwasanze Radiant Insurance Company Ltd igomba kwirengera indishyi z’ubukode bw’imodoka Gasana yagendeyemo kuva imodoka ye yakora impanuka kugeza ku wa 31/12/2018, hishyurwa 50.000Frw ku munsi, mu gihe cy’iminsi 171, kuko idahakana ko impanuka yaturutse ku makosa y’uwari utwaye imodoka yishingiye ndetse ko yamaze amezi arenga atanu itarakoreshwa. Urukiko rwanzuye ko ubujurire bwa Radiant Insurance Company Ltd bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko urubanza rujurirwa ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’indishyi zagenewe Gasana yishyurwa 8.550.000Frw y’ubukode bw’imodoka, kumusubiza 320.000Frw yishyuye breakdowns zateruye imodoka yakoze impanuka, kumwishyura 950.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, 106.200Frw y’igaraji GM & DM LTD ryakoze contre expertise. Nyuma y’uru rubanza Gasana yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza RCA00062/2019/HC/RWG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane kuko amafaranga y’ubukode

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bw’imodoka yagenewe ari make kandi ko atahawe indishyi z’igihombo yatewe n’impanuka. Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo. Mu cyemezo no 148/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 26/08/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yategetse ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00020/2022/SC, rwemeje ko gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu zakarengane nta shingiro bifite kuko Gasana atabashije kugaragariza Urukiko ko gutinda gukorwa kw’imodoka ye bitamuturutseho. Rwemeje kandi ko indishyi zikomoka ku gihombo yagize zitagomba gutangwa kuko atazitangira ibimenyetso. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. Bityo, uvuga ko imodoka ye yatinze gukoreshwa kubera umwishingizi, agomba kubitangira ibimenyetso yabibura umwishingizi agatsinda. 2.Indishyi z’igihombo ni izishumbusha uziregera ku byo yatakaje kubera igikorwa cy’undi cyangwa indi mpamvu. Usaba indishyi z’igihombo agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo yahombye n’ingano y’ibyo yifuza kwishyurwa. Bityo, ntizitangwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko. Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro bifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize

y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Ingingo ya 12, igika cya 1, Ingingo ya 75, igika cya 1, Ingingo ya 111 Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3 Nta manza zifashishujwe. Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA. [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Gasana Tim Alphonse avuga ko ku wa 05/07/2018 ahagana 21h00, ubwo yari atwaye imodoka ye yo mu bwoko bwa Land Rover Discovery ifite plaque RAB 385 Q, ageze mu Mudugudu wa Butimba, Akagari ka Rukara, Umurenge wa Rukara, mu Karere ka Kayonza yagonzwe n’imodoka Toyota Yaris ifite plaque RAD 126 A yari itwawe na Sande Musafiri Mustafa, ikaba yari ifite ubwishishingi muri Radiant Insurance Company Ltd. Avuga ko yasabye Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kumuha indishyi zitandukanye ibyanga ivuga ko basanze iyo modoka atari iye kuko yanditse kuri Nsengiyumva Lorman. [2] Gasana Tim Alphonse yasabye Urukiko gutegeka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kumwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka, amafaranga yishyuye ku bukode bw’imodoka yakoreshaga igihe iye yari mu igaraji ndetse n’ay’ibikoresho by’imodoka ye byangiritse kubera igihe yamaze iparitse. [3] Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yavuze ko ikirego cya Gasana Tim Alphonse kidakwiye kwakirwa kuko nta nyungu n’ububasha afite byo kurega bitewe n’uko imodoka Land Rover Discovery ifite plaque RAB 385 Q itamwanditseho ahubwo yanditse kuri Nsengiyumva Lorman. Yavuze kandi ko n’ubwo iyo modoka yaba ari iye, bitamuha uburenganzira bwo kuyifuzamo indonke kuko bitemewe mu

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bwishingizi, ahubwo ko inshingano ya Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ari ukwishyura uwasannye imodoka yangiritse ku buryo yongera kumera nk’uko yari imeze mbere y’impanuka, isaba Urukiko kugena umuhanga wo kongera gukora devis y’imodoka yakoze impanuka. [4] Mu rubanza RC00072/2018/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 03/07/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwasanze : Ku kibazo cy’ububasha n’ubushobozi bwa Gasana Tim Alphonse bwo kurega, hari inyandiko ziri muri dosiye zigaragaza ko imodoka Land Rover Discovery RAB 385 Q yafatiwe ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Gasana Tim Alphonse ku wa 05/07/2018, imaze gukora impanuka uyu yandikira iyo sosiyete ahagarika amasezerano y’ubwishingizi irabyemera, kuri ibyo hakiyongeraho inyandiko zitandukanye iyo sosiyete yagiye yandikira Gasana Tim Alphonse, byose bishimangira ko Gasana Tim Alphonse afite ububasha n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga ikirego; Atari ngombwa gushyiraho undi muhanga wo gukora devis kandi bigaragara ko hari izindi zakorewe mu magaraji abiri atandukanye kandi asanzwe akorana na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, ruvuga ko devis ihwanye 4.177.200Frw yakozwe n’igaraji JSB Service & General Trading Ltd ariyo igomba gushingirwaho ; Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko kuva muri Nyakanga 2018 kugeza muri Kamena 2019, Gasana Tim Alphonse yishyuye 17.250.000Frw y’ubukode bw’imodoka ; Amafaranga y’igihombo Gasana Tim Alphonse yasabaga ntayo

akwiye guhabwa kuko atayatangira ibimenyetso. [5] Urukiko rwanzuye ko ikirego cya Gasana Tim Alphonse gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko imodoka Land Rover Discovery ifite plaque RAB 385 Q ikorwa n’igaraji JSB Service & General Trading Ltd yagennye devis ya 4.177.200Frw, icyo giciro kikishyurwa na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ; rutegeka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd guha Gasana Tim Alphonse 17.570.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibyo yatakaje akodesha indi modoka ndetse na 620.000Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka, ikurikiranarubanza n’ingwate y’amagarama. [6] Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ivuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwayitegetse gukoresha imodoka kuri devis ifite agaciro ka 4.177.200Frw kandi muri dosiye harimo indi devis igaragaza ko imodoka ishobora gukoreshwa ku giciro cya 749.418Frw, isaba Urukiko gushyiraho undi muhanga ugena devis imodoka igomba gukoresherezwaho. Gasana Tim Alphonse yasabye Urukiko kwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko devis ya 4.177.200Frw yashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere yakozwe n’igaraji JSB Service & General Trading Ltd yoherejwemo na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd. Urukiko rwategetse ko hajyaho undi muhanga. Uyu muhanga yemeje ko imodoka yangiritse yakoreshwa ku giciro cya 1.032.500Frw hatarimo Trompette de pot ARR na Cardat + Cloison. [7] Mu rubanza RCA00062/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020, Urukiko Rukuru,

Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze Radiant Insurance Company Ltd idahakana ko impanuka yaturutse ku makosa y’uwari utwaye imodoka yishingiye ndetse ko yamaze amezi arenga atanu itarakoresha imodoka ya Gasana Tim Alphonse, bityo ikaba igomba kwirengera indishyi z’ubukode bw’imodoka Gasana Tim Alphonse yagendeyemo kuva imodoka ye yakora impanuka kugeza ku wa 31/12/2018, hishyurwa 50.000Frw ku munsi, mu gihe cy’iminsi 171. [8] Urukiko rwanzuye ko ubujurire bwa Radiant Insurance Company Ltd bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko urubanza RC00072/2018/TGI/NYG rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’indishyi zagenewe Gasana Tim Alphonse, ruyitegeka gukoresha imodoka yangiritse mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe kuva urubanza rubaye ndakuka, itabikora ikamwishyura 4.117.200Frw. Urukiko rwategetse kandi Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kwishyura Gasana Tim Alphonse 8.550.000Frw y’ubukode bw’imodoka yatanze

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kuva ku itariki 07/07/2018 kugeza kuya 31/12/2018, kumusubiza 320.000Frw yishyuye breakdowns zateruye imodoka yakoze impanuka, kumwishyura 950.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, 106.200Frw y’igaraji GM & DM LTD ryakoze contre-expertise, no kumusubiza ingwate y’amagarama yatanze ku rwego rwa mbere. [9] Ku wa 22/12/2020, Gasana Tim Alphonse yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza RCA00062/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 27/11/2020 rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane kuko amafaranga y’ubukode bw’imodoka yagenewe ari make kandi ko atahawe indishyi z’igihombo yatewe n’impanuka. Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo. Mu cyemezo no 148/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 26/08/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yategetse ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. [10] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 17/04/2023, Gasana Tim Alphonse yunganiwe na Me Umuhoza Jean Claude, naho Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Munderere Léopold, hasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira : Kumenya niba Gasana Tim Alphonse agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’ubukode bw’imodoka atagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ; Kumenya niba hari indishyi z’igihombo Gasana Tim Alphonse yatewe

n’iyangirika ry’imodoka ye agomba guhabwa kuri uru rwego ; Kumenya niba hari amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza agomba gutangwa muri uru rubanza. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO. Kumenya niba Gasana Tim Alphonse agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’ubukode bw’imodoka atagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. [11] Gasana Tim Alphonse na Me Umuhoza Jean Claude umwunganira bavuga ko akarengane mu rubanza rusubirishwamo gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwarasanze agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’ubukode ahwanye n’amezi atanu gusa, guhera ku wa 07/07/2018 kugeza ku wa 31/12/2018, nyamara muri dosiye harimo amasezerano y’ubukode Gasana Tim Alphonse yakoranye na AA Tours & Safari Ltd, inyemezabwishyu zo mu myaka ya 2018, 2019 na 2020, n’inyandiko yo ku wa 02/10/2020 imwishyuza amafaranga y’ubukode bw’imodoka, bigaragaza ko ubukode bwatangiye ku wa 07/07/2018 burangira ku wa 27/11/2020, ubwo urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rwacibwaga, yishyura 50.000Frw ku munsi, ariyo ahwanye na 43.700.000Frw. [12] Bavuga ko icyatumye amasezerano Gasana Tim Alphonse yakoranye na AA Tours & Safari Ltd ku wa 07/07/2018 atongererwa igihe ari uko arimo ingingo iteganya ko ashobora gukomeza. Naho ku kibazo cyo kumenya impamvu imodoka itashyikirijwe igaraji yitwa Mega-Tech Garage Ltd nk’uko Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yabimusabye

mu rwandiko rwo ku wa 06/12/2018, basobanura ko nyuma y’uko umwishingizi yanze ko imodoka ikorwa na JSB Service and General Trading Ltd, iryo garaji ryamusabye kuza gufata imodoka, Gasana Tim Alphonse amaze kuyigeza mu rugo no gufata umwanzuro wo kwiyambaza inkiko, aba aribwo abona urwandiko rumusaba kujyana imodoka mu rindi garaji. [13] Bavuga ko kuba AA Tours and Safari Ltd, mu rwandiko rwayo rwo ku wa 02/10/2020 itaragaragaje ingano y’umwenda yishyuza ari uko yari iwuziranyeho na Gasana Tim Alphonse, ko inyemezabwishyu zashyizwe muri dosiye y’imanza zabanje zigaragaza ko umwenda ungana na 43.700.000 Frw, abariye kuri 50.000Frw ku munsi x iminsi 874 (guhera ku wa 05/07/2018 kugeza ku wa

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27/11/2020), havanwamo 8.550.000Frw bamaze kwishyurwa yemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ahwanye n’iminsi 171, hagasigara 35.150.000Frw. Basaba uru Rukiko gutegeka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kwishyura icyo kinyuranyo. [14] Me Munderere Léopold uhagarariye Radiant Insurance Company Ltd avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze umwishingizi yaramaze amezi atanu ataremeza ko imodoka ikorwa, ibyo aba aribyo ahanirwa kwishyura 8.550.000Frw y’ubukode guhera ku wa 07/07/2018 kugeza ku wa 31/12/2018. Asobanura ko kugarukira kuri iyo tariki byatewe n’impamvu zikurikira : Kuba hari ibaruwa yanditswe ku wa 06/12/2018, ikagera kuri Gasana Tim Alphonse ku wa 14/12/2018, imusaba kujyana imodoka mu igaraji kugira ngo ikorwe, ntabyubahirize ; Kuba iminsi y’ubukode yishyuzwaga nyuma yo ku wa 31/12/2018 itaragaragarijwe ibimenyetso kuko: Amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka yari kumara iminsi 15, hakaba nta kigaragaza ko yongerewe kugeza ku minsi 871 Gasana Tim Alphonse yishyuza ; Nta kimenyetso kiri muri dosiye gihamya ko Gasana Tim Alphonse yishyuye AA Tours and Safari Ltd 43.700.000Frw asaba ko Radiant Insurance Company Ltd imusubiza ; Inyandiko AA Tours and Safari Ltd yandikiye Gasana Tim Alphonse imwishyuza ntaho ivuga ingano y’umwenda wishyuzwa, bikaba bitanumvikana uburyo umwenda wagera kuri 43.700.000Frw, iyo sosiyete igakomeza gukorana nawe ndetse

yanamwishyuza ntivuge ingano y’amafaranga ayibereyemo ; Nta bilan cyangwa indi nyandiko y’ubucurizi ya AA Tours and Safari Ltd igaragaza koko ko mu ibaruramari ryayo Gasana Tim Alphonse ayibereyemo umwenda wishyuzwa. [15] Me Munderere Léopold asaba uru Rukiko gushingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ndetse n’iya 12 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rukabona ko nta bimenyetso Gasana Tim Alphonse atangira ibyo aburana, rukemeza ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza rusubirishwamo. Avuga ariko ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi, rwategeka AA Tours and Safari Ltd kurushyikiriza ibimenyetso rukeneye, cyangwa rukikorera iperereza muri iyo sosiyete kugira ngo rusuzume niba koko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Gasana Tim Alphonse yakodesheje imodoka iminsi irenze iyemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ingingo ya 12, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. Naho ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. Izi ngingo icyo zumvikanisha ni uko ufite ibyo yishyuza ari we ugomba kubigaragariza ibimenyetso, yabibura Urukiko rukemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite. [17] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu bimenyetso Gasana Tim Alphonse ashingiraho asaba uru Rukiko gutegeka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kumwishyura 43.700.000 Frw harimo amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka yakoranye na AA Tours and Safari Ltd ku wa 07/07/2018 n’inyemezabwishyu zatanzwe na AA Tours and Safari Ltd mu buryo bukurikira:

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Itariki inyemezabwishyu yatangiweho Amafaranga yishyuzwa 22/07/2018 750.000 07/8/2018 750.000 22/08/2018 750.000 21/09/2018 1.500.000 21/10/2018 1.500.000 20/11/2018 1.500.000 20/12/2018 1.500.000 02/07/2019 1.500.000 01/08/2019 1.500.000 01/09/2019 1.500.000 01/10/2019 1.500.000 01/11/2019 1.500.000 01/12/2019 1.500.000 16/01/2020 1.500.000 Yose hamwe 18.750.000 [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’ubukode, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze Gasana Tim Alphonse agomba kugenerwa koko 50.000Frw ku munsi kuko ariyo ari mu rugero, akabarwa guhera ku wa 07/07/2018 kugeza ku wa 14/12/2018 ubwo Gasana Tim Alphonse yamenyeshwaga ko agomba kujyana imodoka ye muri Mega- Tech Garage Ltd kugira ngo ikorwe, ariko kuri iyo minsi hakiyongeraho iminsi 16 igenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko kugira ngo imodoka iboneke byari gufata nibura kugeza ku wa 31/12/2018, aribyo bihwanye n’iminsi 177, havanwamo iminsi itandatu ya entretien y’imodoka buri kwezi hagasigara iminsi 171, ihwanye na 8.550.000Frw (171 iminsi x 50.000Frw). [19] Urukiko rurasanga ku wa 06/12/2018, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yarasabye Gasana Tim Alphonse kujyana imodoka ye muri Mega-Tech Garage Ltd kugira ngo ikorwe, iyo baruwa yagejejwe kuri Me Umuhoza Jean Claude ku wa 14/12/2018 nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibyemejwe n’Umuhesha w’Inkiko. Bigaragarira Urukiko ko kuri iyo tariki Gasana Tim

Alphonse, binyujijwe kuri Avoka we nk’uko yari yabisabye Umuhesha w’Inkiko, yasabwe kujyana imodoka ye mu igaraji kugira ngo ikorwe ntiyabikora, bikaba rero byari bikwiye ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ruhagarikira inshingano za Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kuri iyo tariki. [20] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Gasana Tim Alphonse na Me Umuhoza Jean Claude bavuga ko 43.700.000Frw bishyuza Radiant Insurance Company Ltd bayashingira ku masezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka ndetse no ku nyemezabwishyu zagaragajwe haruguru nta shingiro bifite, kuko ntaho bagaragaza ko ayo masezerano yongerewe akagezwa ku wa 27/11/2020, nta n’ubwo igiteranyo cy’inyemezabwishyu ziri muri dosiye kigeza ku mafaranga yishyuzwa. Naho ibaruwa yo ku wa 02/10/2020, Gasana Tim Alphonse yandikiwe na AA Tours and Safari Ltd avuga ko ari gihamya ko yakomeje gukodesha imodoka kugeza ku wa 27/11/2020, nayo nta gaciro yahabwa kuko ivuga ko yishyuza amafaranga yasigaye mu mwaka wa 2019 n’ayo yari agezemo mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2020 (overdue pending unpaid invoices of towards end of last year and beginning of this year), nyamara nta

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nyemezabwishyu zometswe kuri iyo baruwa, nta n’ingano y’amafaranga yishyuzwa yagaragajwe, bityo icyo kimenyetso nacyo kikaba kitashingirwaho hemezwa ko amafaranga y’ubukode ari 43.700.000Frw. [21] Urukiko rurasanga ariko niyo ibyo bimenyetso byagaragazwa ntacyo byarumarira kuko ntabwo aribyo byari gutuma Gasana Tim Alphonse ahabwa amafaranga aregera bitewe n’uko guhera ku wa 14/12/2018, gukorwa kw’imodoka kwatindijwe no kuba atarayigejeje muri Mega-Tech Garage Ltd yoherejwemo, akaba rero atasaba guhabwa n’undi indishyi ku makosa ye bwite. [22] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Gasana Tim Alphonse aburanisha ko Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ariyo yagombaga kujyana iyo modoka mu igaraji nta shingiro bifite kuko ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye ndetse n’imvugo za Gasana Tim Alphonse imbere y’uru Rukiko bihamya ko, ubwo ku wa 14/12/2018 yasabwaga kujya gukoresha imodoka ye, imodoka yari yarayivanye mu igaraji ryitwa JSB Service and General Trading Ltd iri iwe mu rugo. Ntaho agaragaza ko yari yumvikanye na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ko ariyo yari kujya kuyivana mu rugo rwe kugira ngo iyimujyanire mu igaraji. Naho iby’uko iyo baruwa imusaba kujyana imodoka muri Mega-Tech Garage Ltd yasanze yarafashe umwanzuro wo kugana inkiko nabyo nta gaciro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko uretse kuba ataribyo byari kumubuza kujyana imodoka mu igaraji, dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ikirego cyatanzwe ku wa

19/12/2018. [23] Ibisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru byerekana ko Gasana Tim Alphonse atabashije kugaragariza Urukiko ko guhera ku wa 14/12/2018, gutinda gukorwa kw’imodoka ye bitamuturutseho, bityo ibyo avuga ko Radiant Insurance Company Ltd igomba kumwishyura 43.700.000Frw y’ubukode bw’imodoka yafashe muri AA Tours and Safari Ltd abazwe kuva ku wa 07/07/2018 kugeza ku wa 27/11/2020, bikaba nta shingiro bifite. Kumenya niba hari indishyi z’igihombo Gasana Tim Alphonse yatewe n’iyangirika ry’imodoka ye agomba guhabwa kuri uru rwego. [24] Gasana Tim Alphonse na Me Umuhoza Jean Claude umwunganira bavuga ko nubwo imodoka yakozwe, kuba yaramaze imyaka ibiri iparitse byayangije, bakaba basaba indishyi z’igihombo zikurikira : 1.075.000Frw (215.000 Frw x 5) y’amapine, 100.000Frw ya tableau, 120.000Frw y’intebe, 400.000Frw y’irangi na 80.000Frw ya batiri (battery). Bavuga ko impamvu basaba izi ndishyi ari uko 320.000Frw ya breakdown bagenewe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ari make cyane, bityo uru Rukiko, mu bushishozi bwarwo, rukaba rwayongera. [25] Me Munderere Léopold uhagarariye Radiant Insurance Company Ltd avuga ko amapine y’imodoka ya Gasana Tim Alphonse atari gusaza kandi imodoka iparitse, kandi ko n’ubundi amapine ahindurwa nyuma y’amezi atandatu, akaba asanga indishyi z’igihombo zisabwa ari uburyo bwo gushaka indonke cyane cyane ko nta n’ibimenyetso abarega batangira ibyo basaba. Asaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko iyi ngingo nta shingiro ifite.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [26] Urukiko rurasanga mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwarategetse Radiant Insurance Company Ltd gukoresha imodoka ya Gasana Tim Alphonse mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe kuva urubanza rubaye ndakuka, kandi Gasana Tim Alphonse na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd bemeranya ko icyo cyemezo cyashyizwe mu bikorwa. Ibi bivuze ko niba imodoka yarakozwe, nta kibazo cy’amapine, tableau, intebe, irangi cyangwa bateri iyo modoka igifite, Gasana Tim Alphonse akaba atagaragaza impamvu Radiant Insurance Company Ltd igomba gutanga andi mafaranga hejuru y’ayo yatanze kugira ngo imodoka ikorwe. [27] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Gasana Tim Alphonse avuga ko uru Rukiko rugomba kumugenera indishyi z’igihombo mu bushishozi bwarwo kuko 320.000Frw yagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko

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rwa Rwamagana ari make nta gaciro byahabwa. Indishyi z’igihombo ni izishumbusha uziregera ku byo yatakaje kubera igikorwa cy’undi cyangwa indi mpamvu. Izo ndishyi zitandukanye n’indishyi z’akababaro zigenwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko. Usaba indishyi z’igihombo agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo yahombye n’ingano y’ibyo yifuza kwishyurwa. [28] Urukiko rurasanga ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, bigaragara ko Gasana Tim Alphonse yishyuwe amafaranga yose yatanze kuri breakdowns zateruye imodoka ye ziyivana aho yakoreye impanuka cyangwa mu igaraji rya JSB Service and General Trading Ltd. Ibindi byari byarangiritse ku modoka ye byakozwe hashingiwe kuri devis ya 4.117.200Frw yari yaratanzwe na JSB Service and Trading Ltd. Nta kimenyetso Gasana Tim Alphonse atanga kigaragaza ko hari ikindi gihombo yaba yaratejwe n’impanuka, bityo ibyo avuga ko uru Rukiko, mu bushishozi bwarwo rwakongera indishyi z’igihombo yagenewe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane bikaba nta shingiro bifite. Kumenya niba hari amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza agomba gutangwa muri uru rubanza. [29] Gasana Tim Alphonse na Me Umuhoza Jean Claude umwunganira bavuga ko basaba uru Rukiko gutegeka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kumuha 2.250.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu nkiko zabanje na 3.000.000Frw kuri uru rwego, yose hamwe akaba 5.250.000Frw. [30] Me Munderere Léopold uhagarariye Radiant

Insurance Company Ltd avuga ko amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na Gasana Tim Alphonse ntayo akwiye guhabwa kuko Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yubahirije inshingano zayo uko bikwiye. Avuga ahubwo ko mu myanzuro no mu gihe cy’inama ntegurarubanza yibagiwe gusaba igihembo cya Avoka, akaba asaba uru Rukiko kubisuzuma, rwasanga Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yakwemererwa kugenerwa igihembo cya Avoka, rugategeka Gasana Tim Alphonse kuyiha 1.000.000Frw kuri uru rwego.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [31] Ingingo ya 75, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “muri rusange nta nyandiko, imyanzuro y’urubanza cyangwa inyandiko ikubiyemo ingingo ziburanishwa bishobora kohererezwa urukiko nyuma y’inama ntegurarubanza.” [32] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.” [33] Urukiko rurasanga haba mu myanzuro cyangwa mu nama ntegurarubanza nta gihembo cya Avoka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yasabye, bityo hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 75, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru by’uko muri rusange nta ngingo z’iburanisha zishobora gushyikirizwa Urukiko nyuma y’inama ntegurarubanza, ingingo ijyanye n’igihembo cya Avoka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd isaba kuri uru rwego ntikwiye kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe kuko kuyakira no kuyisuzuma byaba binyuranyije n’amategeko. [34] Urukiko rurasanga na none mu gihe nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo, amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na Gasana Tim Alphonse mu nkiko zabanje no kuri uru rwego nta shingiro afite.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [35] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Gasana Tim Alphonse gisubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00062/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 27/11/2020, nta shingiro gifite ; [36] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RCA00062/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 27/11/2020.