UBUSHINJACYAHA v GASIGWA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v GASIGWA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-05-19 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00237/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v GASIGWA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00237/2022/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 19 Gicurasi 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Igabanyagihano – Nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 16 witwa M.P, buvuga ko bagiranye ubucuti bigera aho amujyana iwe babana nk’umugabo n’umugore akajya amusambanya. Uregwa yaburanye avuga ko uwo mwana bakundanye imyaka itanu bizwi n’umuryango we, biza kugera aho nyina amwirukana amubwira ngo nasange umugabo we kuko yakuze. Urwo Rukiko rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha nuko rwemeza ko ahamwa no gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rwirengagije amategeko mu gihe cyo gushaka ibimenyetso bimushinjura ko kandi umukobwa aregwa gusambanya bafitanye amakimbirane kuko bamwiciye umuryango we mu gihe cya jenoside. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rusanga imvugo z’uregwa nta gihamya zifite, urwo Rukiko rusanga ariko igihano yahawe kigomba kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Uregwa nanone yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutakosoye amakosa ari mu rubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere bituma akomeza kugirwa umunyacyaha, ko yarezwe na nyina wa M.P. kuko atemeye kubana n’uwo mukobwa, ko kandi uwo mukobwa yari mukuru. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire z’uregwa zitahabwa ishingiro, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku bimenyetso byari muri dosiye kandi ntiyigeze abihakana, bukomeza buvuga ko NIDA yagaragaje ko M.P yavutse mu mwaka wa 2004 hashingiwe ku makuru ifite, ko kandi ko inyandiko y’ivuka ishimangira ko M.P yari akiri umwana ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga kandi ikaba imara impaka. Incamake y’icyemezo: Nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro, bityo nubwo impamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite Gasigwa ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 6. Urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2, 49 n’iya 58. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00039/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha v. Shakabatenda, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021. RPAA 00072/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha v. Nkurunziza, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/02/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Ubushinjacyaha burega Gasigwa Jean Bosco icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 16 witwa M.P1, buvuga ko bagiranye ubucuti bigera aho ku wa 10/11/2019 amujyana iwe babana nk’umugabo n’umugore akajya amusambanya, bimenyekanye bamukurayo naho Gasigwa atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Gasigwa Jean Bosco yaburanye avuga ko uwo mwana bakundanye imyaka itanu bizwi n’umuryango we, biza kugera aho nyina amwirukana amubwira ngo nasange umugabo we kuko yakuze, n’abandi bo mu muryango baramwanga, ahitamo kumusanga, nawe abimenyesha abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, ko kandi icyo gihe umwana yamubwiraga ko abura imyaka ibiri ngo yuzuze imyaka 19. [3] Urukiko rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha birimo ubuhamya bwa Rutabana Augustin na Munyemana Jean Paul bavuze ko yazanye M.P babana nk’umugabo n’umugore kuva ku wa 10/11/2019, ubwo buhamya bukaba bushimangirwa n’imvugo ya M.P nawe wavuze ko yabanye na Gasigwa JeanBosco nk’umugabo n’umugore bamarana icyumweru, ko na Gasigwa yemera ko babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore kandi akaba adahakana ko yari umwana nubwo ajijisha avuga ko atari abizi. Rwemeje rero ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [4] Gasigwa Jean Bosco yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumuye rwa Nyamagabe rwirengagije amategeko mu gihe cyo gushaka ibimenyetso bimushinjura ko kandi umukobwa aregwa gusambanya bafitanye amakimbirane kuko bamwiciye umuryango we mu gihe cya jenoside. [5] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RPA 00065/2020/HC/NYZ ku wa 23/11/2021, rusanga ibyo Gasigwa Jean Bosco avuga ko nta perereza ryakozwe atari byo, kuko ryakozwe hakagira abantu babazwa nawe arimo kandi yemera ko yabanye na M.P, ko n’ibyo avuga ko umuryango w’umukobwa wamwiciye mu gihe cya jenoside nta kibigaragaza. Urukiko rwasanze ariko igihano yahawe kigomba kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigizwe no kuba yarakoze icyaha afite imyaka 25 kandi ku rwego rwa mbere akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha ku buryo

1 Amazina yahinwe mu nyungu z’umwana

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budashidikanywa. Rwemeje rero ko ubujurire bwe budafite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [6] Gasigwa Jean Bosco yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutakosoye amakosa ari mu rubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere bituma akomeza kugirwa umunyacyaha, ko yarezwe na nyina wa M.P. kuko atemeye kubana n’uwo mukobwa, ko kandi uwo mukobwa yari mukuru. Yanajuriye avuga ko hashingiwe ku buhamya bwa Rutabana kandi bafitanye inzangano. [7] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Gasigwa Jean Bosco nta gaciro zigomba guhabwa, kuko ibyo avuga ko apfa na nyina wa M.P ari urwitwazo, ko kandi ataburanisha ukutamenya kwe mu gihe ibimenyetso byerekana ko uwo yasambanyije yari umwana nk’uko Urukiko rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 14 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. [8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 06/04/2023, Gasigwa Jean Bosco yunganirwa na Me Rwahama Zacharie, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyibizi Tite, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa ku wa 16/05/2023 kugira ngo ababuranyi bagire icyo bavuga ku nyandiko y’ivuka yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha nyuma y’iburanisha rya mbere. [9] Gasigwa Jean Bosco n’umwunganira bavuze ko ikibazo bifuza ko gisuzumwa ari ikirebana n’imyaka ya M.P cyonyine. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO I. Kumenya imyaka umwana wasambanyijwe yari afite igihe icyaha cyakorwaga [10] Gasigwa Jean Bosco n’umwunganira bavuga ko M.P abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko afite imyaka 18,, ko ikarita yo kubatizwa yerekana ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 2003 naho NIDA ikagaragaza ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 2004, Umurenge wo uvuga ko ntaho washingira ahubwo ubwira Ubushinjacyaha ko bwamuha ubufasha; ko rero hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire uvuga ko igishingirwaho mu kwemeza imyaka y’umuntu igihe hari ugushidikanya ari inyandiko y’ivuka kandi ikaba itaragaragajwe, ari yo mpamvu Gasigwa Jean Bosco avuga ko atakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Bavuga kandi ko icyemezo cya NIDA atari cyo kigomba gushingirwaho kuko yandika ibyo yabwiwe, ko rero icyo cyemezo atari cyo cyamara impaka nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabyemeje. [11] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 16/05/20023 Gasigwa Jean Bosco n’umwunganira bavuze ko harebwe inyandiko y’ivuka yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha igaragaza ko M.P yavutse ku wa 01/04/2004, nta mpaka zigihari kuko iyo nyandiko igaragaza ko yari akiri umwana ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Gasigwa Jean Bosco nta shingiro ifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku bimenyetso byari muri dosiye kandi ntiyigeze abihakana. Asobanura ko NIDA yagaragaje ko M.P yavutse mu mwaka wa 2004 hashingiwe ku makuru ifite, ko kandi mu manza nshinjabyaha nta kimenyetso kamara, ko na Gasigwa Jean Bosco asambanya M.P yari azi ko ari umwana utarageza ku myaka 18 y’amavuko kuko mu Rukiko

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Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe yavuze ko umwana yamubwiye ko abura imyaka ibiri ngo yuzuze imyaka 19. [13] Avuga kandi ko inyandiko y’ivuka ishimangira ko M.P yari akiri umwana ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga kandi ikaba imara impaka nk’uko byemejwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza nº RPAA 00405/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/02/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Alphonse. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 2, agace ka 8, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko ‘’Umwana ari umuntu utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18) y’amavuko’’. [15] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwemeje ko umwana Gasigwa Jean Bosco ashinjwa ko yasambanyjje yari afite imyaka 16 hashingiwe ku gitabo cyandikwamo abana bakingiwe n’igihe bakingiriwe kigaragaza ko uwo mwana yavutse ku wa 26/12/2003, naho Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza narwo rwemeza ko uwo mwana yari afite imyaka 16 hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’Umurenge wa Ngoma kigaragaza ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 2003. Icyo cyemezo kikaba ariko kitagaragara muri dosiye. Bigaragara kandi ko dosiye igeze muri uru Rukiko, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inyandiko y’ivuka (acte de naissance) ya M.P igaragaza ko yavutse ku wa 01/04/2004. [16] Urukiko rurasanga rero, nubwo mu manza za mbere hashingiwe ku nyandiko zavuzwe mu kiga kibanziriza iki inkiko zikemeza ko M.P yasambanyijwe afite imyaka 16, impaka kuri icyo kibazo cy’imyaka zaramazwe n’inyandiko y’ivuka nk’uko Gasigwa Jean Bosco n’umwunganira babivuga, bivuze ko kuba M.P yaravutse ku wa 01/04/2004, icyaha kigakorwa ku wa 10/11/2019, yari akiri umwana hashingiwe ku biteganwya n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko yari afite imyaka 15 n’amezi atandatu, bityo impamvu y’ubujurire Gasigwa Jean Bosco n’umwunganira basabye ko isuzumwa ikaba nta shingiro ifite, ariko ku birebana n’igihano hakaba hasuzumwa niba hagumaho igifungo cy’imyaka 25 yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. II. Ku birebana n’igihano Gasigwa Jean Bosco yahanishijwe [17] Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganga ko: ‘’Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumya agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. [18] Naho ingingo ya 58 y’iryo Tegeko, iteganya ko “Umucamanza ubwe ari we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko’’. [19] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko rwasuzuma ibyerekeye igihano uregwa yahawe mu gihe rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza nº RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu n’izindi zaciwe nyuma harimo urubanza nº RPAA

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00072/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nkurunziza Innocent, umurongo uri muri izo manza akaba ari uko nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro. [20] Ku birebana na Gasigwa Jean Bosco, imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririye igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe gikwiye kugabanywa kubera imyaka yari afite icyaha gikorwa no kuba kuva ku rwego rwa mbere yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko Urukiko Rukuru rutarahaye agaciro gakwiye kuba Gasigwa Jean Bosco yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ndetse n’ikigero cy’imyaka yari afite, kuko nubwo atari akibarirwa mu kigero cy’abana ariko yari akiri urubyiruko, akaba akwiye kugororwa ariko agahabwa n’amahirwe yo kuzasubira mu muryango nyarwanda ashobora kugira icyo yamara, hakaba kandi no kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha no kuba atarasambanyije M.P agambiriye kumugirira nabi ahubwo bari bamaze igihe bafitanye ubucuti biza kugera aho babana bitewe n’uko umukobwa iwabo baramwirukanye agahitamo gusanga umukunzi we nawe akamwakira nk’uko bombi babisobanuye mu Bugenzacyaha, nubwo nyuma yaje gushaka undi mugabo nk’uko Gasigwa Jean Bosco yabivuze mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 16/05/2023, bityo n’ubwo Gasigwa Jean Bosco agomba guhanwa kubera ko igikorwa yakoze kigize icyaha gihanwa n’Itegeko, ariko hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimaze kugaragazwa, igihano yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [22] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa hakanarebwa uko ibihano byatanzwe mu zindi manza zijya gusa n’urwa Gasigwa Jean Bosco, harimo urubanza nº RPAA 00374/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/04/2023, aho Bizimana Emile nawe warezwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 16 bakanabana, yari ku kigero kimwe n’icya Gasigwa kuko bose bari bakiri urubyiruko bafite imyaka 25, yagabanyirijwe igihano cy’imyaka 20 yari yahanishijwe kigezwa ku myaka itandatu (6) kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha; bityo kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zagaragajwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, Gasigwa Jean Bosco nawe yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6). [23] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe byose, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Gasigwa Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite, ariko urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano yari yahanishijwe ku mpamvu zasobanuwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Gasigwa Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza nº RPA 00065/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 23/11/2021, ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano; [26] Ruhanishije Gasigwa Jean Bosco igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6); [27] Rwemeje ko Gasigwa Jean Bosco asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko yaburanye afunze.