GASIGWA v. COGEBANQUE NUNDI

GASIGWA v. COGEBANQUE NUNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-03-10 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 00078 /2022/HCC - Collection: Commercial High Court

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GASIGWA v. COGEBANQUE N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOMA 00078 /2022/HCC (Nkurunziza, P.J.) 10 Werurwe 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Amasezerano – Kwiyambaza ubukemurampaka – Abagiranye amasezerano bakanumvikana ko impaka zizavuka mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo zikamukemurwa n’ubukemurampaka, nta wahindukira ngo abiregere mu Rukiko. Incamake y’ikibazo: Gasinga Niwe Duchesse yagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ibibanza bitatu (3) na Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Mutesi Annah bumvikana ku giciro cy’amafaranga 150 000 000 Frw. Alfred Bagire na Mutesi Annah ntibubahirije inshingano yabo yo kwishyura ikiguzi bumvikanyeho, bituma Gasinga abarega mu Rukiko rw’ubucuruzi bo na Cogebanque yishingiye kumwishyurira uwo mwenda. Alfred n’uwo bashakanye batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kuko impande zombi zumvikanye ko ibibazo byavuka mu masezerano bizakemurirwa mu bukemurampaka. Urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego kitakiriwe, Gasinga atishimiye icyo cyemezo ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi, asaba ko icyo cyemezo cyateshwa agaciro ashingiye ku kuba asanga inzitizi yatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere itaragombaga guhabwa agaciro, ndetse mu miburanire ye akavugako Urukiko rutari rukwiye guha agaciro inzitizi yatanzwe n’abarega kuko amasezerano y’ubwishingire bw’umwenda yakozwe na COGEBANQUE atandukanye n’amasezerano y’ubugure

yakozwe hagati y’impande ebyiri (2) ndetse akaba ariyo yateganyaga ibyo kwiyambaza ubukemurampaka mu gihe hari ikibazo kiyavutsemo, akavugako yari yemerewe kurega ko ayo masezerano y’ubwishingire bw’umwenda atubahirijwe. Ku rundi ruhande abaregwa biregura bavugako mu gufata icyemezo Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku mategeko n’ukuri, kandi amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye asobanutse ndetse hari n’imanza zagiye zicibwa zimeze kimwe zikemeza ko urukiko rutagomba kuregerwa mbere y’ubukemurampaka. Incamake y’icyemezo: Abagiranye amasezerano bakanumvikana ko impaka zizavuka mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo zikamukemurwa n’ubukemurampaka, nta wahindukira ngo abiregere mu Rukiko. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yifashishijwe: Itegeko Nº005/2008 ryo ku wa 14/02/2008 ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mu bibazo by’ubucuruzi, ingingo ya 9. Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 64. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 12/12/2018, Gasinga Niwe Duchesse yagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ibibanza bitatu (3) byanditse kuri UPI : 1/02/04/01/613, 1/02/04/01/626 na UPI : 1/02/04/01/3711 bihereye mu mudugudu wa Gasharu, Akagari ka Musezero, Umurenge wa Gisozi, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali na Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Mutesi Annah. Muri ayo masezerano impande zombi zikumvikana ko igiciro ari amafaranga 150.000.000 Frw , ariko Alfred Bagire Rubagenga akaba yarashoboye kwishyura gusa avanse ingana na 30.000.000 Frw bakimara gushyira umukono kuri ayo masezerano; impande zombi zumvikana ko amafaranga 100.000.000 Frw azishyurwa nyuma yo gukorerwa ihinduranya, uwaguze amaze kwandikwaho uwo mutungo ugizwe n’ibyo bibanza bitatu (3) , impande zombi kandi zumvikana ko amafaranga 20.000.000 Frw asigaye azishyurwa mu gihe kitarenze amezi atandatu uhereye igihe aya masezerano ashyiriweho umukono hishyurwa 3.300.000 frw buri kwezi, ukwezi kwa nyuma hakazishyurwa 3.500.000 Frw. [2] Gasinga Niwe Duchesse yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko Bagire Rubagenga nuwo bashakanye bananiwe kwishyura ayo mafranga , ku wa 23/4/2020 hakorwa amasezerano avugurura aya mbere, bumvikana ko igiciro cya mbere gihinduka ikiguzi kikava ku Frw 150 000 000 kigera ku Frw 170 000 000, kubera ko bari bishyuye Frw 30 000 000 hakaba hari hasigaye Frw 140

000 000 ; nyuma y’amezi abiri ku wa 30/6/2020 COGEBANQUE yandikira Gasinga Niwe Duchesse imubwira ko yishingiye Rubagenga ikazamwishyurira Frw 136 000 000 ariko hamaze gukorwa ihinduranya (mutation) y’ibyo bibanza uko ari bitatu bimaze kuvanwa mu mazina ya Niwe Duchesse byanditse ku mazina ya Rubagenga na Mutesi Annah B bikaba ingwate za Cogebanque. Gasinga Niwe Duchesse n’umwunganira bavuga ko UPI: 1/02/04/01/613 na UPI: 1/02/04/01/626 byanditswe ku mazina ya Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Mutesi Annah B tariki ya 15/07/2020 ariko ikibanza cya gatatu aricyo UPI 1/02/04/01/3711 ihinduranya (Mutation) ntiryashoboka kubera ko Rubagenga na Mutesi bahamagawe kuza gukorerwa ihinduranya ntibitabe, ibyo bibanza bibiri bikaba byaranditswe kuri Rubagenga na Mutesi ariko bakaba nta mafaranga baramwishyura, Gasinga akaba yarandikiye COGEBANQUE nibura ngo imwishyure agaciro k’ibyo bibanza bibiri kangana na Frw 99.584.007 Frw ariko ntiyatanga igisubizo, akaba ariyo mpamvu Gasinga Niwe Duchesse yatanze ikirego arega COGEBANQUE na Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Mutesi kugira ngo ibyo COGEBANQUE yemeye mu ibaruwa REF 2147/2020/10101/csew yo ku wa 30/06/2020 imwizeza ko yiteguye kumwishyura 136.000.000 frw kuri konti azayishyikiriza. [3] Ababuranira Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Mutesi Annah batanze inzitizi bavuga ko ikirego cya Gasinga kidakwiye kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kuko amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye ateganya ko mu gihe habaye ikibazo bakwiyambaza ubukemurampaka (arbitration), basaba ko uwo bahagarariye yahabwa indishyi kabone nubwo ikirego kitakwakirwa. Uburanira COGEBANQUE Plc nawe yari yatanze inzitizi avuga ko ikirego kitakwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe

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kuko nta bubasha ifite bwo kuregwa mu gihe nta masezerano yagiranye na COGEBANQUE ariko urukiko mu kwiherera rusanga iyi nzitizi yo itakwirirwa isuzumwa. [4] Urukiko rwasanze abagiranye amasezerano barumvikanye ko nihagira ikibazo kivuka mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ayo masezerano impande zombi ziziyambaza ubukemurampaka, rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na GASINGA NIWE DUCHESSE kitakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe bityo ko GASINGA NIWE DUCHESSE guha Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Mutesi Annah amafaranga ibihumbi Magana atanu (500 000) y’igihembo cya avoka. [5] GASINGA NIWE DUCHESSE ntiyishimiye iki cyemezo, akijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, asaba ko cyateshwa agaciro ashingiye ku kuba asanga inzitizi yatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere itaragombaga guhabwa agaciro. [6] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabereye mu ruhame kuwa 18/1/2023, GASINGA NIWE DUCHESSE aburanirwa na Me Nsabayezu Evariste, COGEBANQUE Plc iburanirwa na Me Kayitera CANISIUS, Alfred Bagire Rubagenga aburanirwa na Me Barinabo Idrissa, Mutesi Annah aburanirwa na Me Kalinda Stephen. II. Ibibazo biri muri uru rubanza n’isesengura ryabyo  Kumenya niba inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere itaragombaga guhabwa agaciro [7] GASINGA NIWE DUCHESSE aburanirwa na Me Nsabayezu Evariste avuga ko nzitizi yatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere yo kutakira ikirego itarikwiye guhabwa agaciro kubera ko amasezerano yo ku wa 30/06/2020 ari amasezerano

yihariye y’ubwishingire yagombaga kubanza gushyirwa mu bikorwa ukwayo kandi ko atandukanye n’amasezerano ya mbere y’ubugure kuko aya mbere yarebaga impande ebyiri (2) gusa Uruhande rwa Gasinga Niwe Duchesse n’uruhande rwa Alfred Bagire Rubagenga. Naho amasezerano yo ku wa 30/06/2020 y’ubwishingire bw’umwenda yarebaga impande eshatu (3) COGEBANQUE, Gasinga Niwe Duchesse na Alfred Bagire Rubagenga. Ibyo kuvuga ko hari yari agamije gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’ubugure bitari kubuza Gasinga Niwe Duchesse kuyaregera mu gihe adashyizwe mu bikorwa kuko yari amasezerano abiri atandukanye agizwe n’impande zitandukanye n’ikigamijwe kitandukanye. Avuga ko mu by’ukuri urukiko rwaratandukiye mu guha agaciro iyo nzitizi kuko amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 12/12/2018 avugwamo ibirebana n’uburyo bwo gukemura impaka ziturutse ku iyubahirizwa ry’amasezerano atandukanye cyane n’amasezerano y’ubwishingire yo ku wa 30/06/2020 hagati ya COGEBANQUE, Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Gasinga Niwe Duchesse. [8] Akomeza avuga ko iryo tandukaniro rigaragarira ku bagize amasezerano, abagize amasezerano y’ubwishingire yo ku wa 30/06/2020 ni COGEBANQUE yagombaga kwishyura imaze kwishingira Alfred Bagire, Gasinga Niwe Duchesse wagombaga kubyemera akakira amafaranga akanakora ihinduranya na Alfred Bagire Rubagenga wagombaga kwishingirwa, akanakorana “mutation” y’ibibanza. Abagize amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 12/12/2018 hagati ya Gasinga Niwe Duchesse (uwagurishaga ibibanza) na Alfred Bagire Rubagenga n’Umufasha we Mutesi (baguzi b’ibibanza).

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[9] Anavuga ko hari itandukaniro kucyo buri masezerano agamije, ko amasezerano yo ku wa 30/06/2020 yaragamije ubwishingire bwa COGEBANQUE aho yishingiye umwenda ariko habanje gukorwa ihinduranya (mutation) y’ibibanza bya Gasinga Niwe Duchesse hagati ya Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Gasinga Niwe Duchesse bagombaga gukorana “mutation” ntaho muri ayo masezerano hateganijwemo ubukemurampaka, kandi ntibwari no gushoboka kuko COGEBANQUE itarebwaga n’amasezerano y’ubugure avugwamo ubukemurampaka. Anavuga ko amasezerano yo ku 12/12/2018 yari agamije ubugure bw’ibibanza gusa kandi niyo yavugwagagamo ubukemurampaka. [10] COGEBANQUE Plc iburanirwa na Me Kayitera Canisius ivuga ko ntacyo inenga icyemezo cy'urukiko rw'ubucuruzi kubera ko cyakurikije amategeko kandi amasezerano arasobanutse kubera ko hari n'urubanza rwaciwe kuri iki kibazo rwagaragarijwe urukiko rubanza. [11] Mutesi Annah uburanirwa na Me Kalinda Stephen avuga ko impamvu ikirego kitagombaga kwakirwa nuko hari uburyo bari bumvikanye ku gukemura ibibazo byavuka (ubukemurampaka), byongeye kandi hanagaragajwe imanza zitandukanye (jurisprudences) zagiye zifatwaho ibyemezo bimeze kimwe, urukiko rutagomba kuregerwa mbere yo kwiyambaza ubukemurampaka nkuko impande zombi zabyumvikanyeho mu masezerano. Asanga iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite kuko nta gishya bagaragaza gitandukanye n’ibyo bivugiye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi

mbere. [12] Alfred Bagire Rubagenga uburanirwa na Me Barinabo Idrissa avuga ko ingingo zigenga amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, ziteganya ko ikibazo kizavuka baziyambaza ubukemurampaka, kandi hari n'urubanza yatsinze ubwe, ko ntacyo anenga imikirize y'urubanza rw'Ubucuruzi kuko rwashingiye ku mategeko ndetse n'ukuri. Uko Urukiko rubibona [13] Ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko Nº005/2008 ryo ku wa 14/02/2008 ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mu bibazo by’ubucuruzi iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Amasezerano y’ubukemurampaka ni amasezerano impande zombi zigirana yo gushyikiriza ubukemurampaka ibibazo byose cyangwa bimwe mu bibazo zifitanye cyangwa bishobora kuvuka kubera imikoranire hagati yazo mu byerekeranye n’amategeko byaba ari ibishingiye ku masezerano zagiranye cyangwa ntayo bishingiyeho. Amasezerano y’ubukemurampaka ashobora kuba akozwe n’ingingo ziteganya ubukemurampaka ziri mu masezerano bagiranye cyangwa akaba ari andi masezerano ukwayo”, naho igika cya 2 cy’iyo ngingo, kigateganya ko ayo masezerano agomba kuba yanditse. [14] Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano mu Rwanda riteganya ko amasezerano akozwe neza abera itegeko abayagiranye ko kandi ayo masezerano agomba kubahirizwa nta buryarya1. [15] Amasezerano y’ubugure yabaye hagati ya Gasinga na Rubagenga mu ngingo ya V.II ateganya ko impaka zose cyangwa ikindi kibazo cyavuka kirebana n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa 1 Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya

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ry’ayo masezerano cyakemurwa mu bwumvikane, byakwanga bakajya mu bukemurampaka byose byananirana bakajya mu rukiko (any difference or dispute between the parties on any matter arising from this contract, shall be settled amicably, by arbitration, if all fail, the dispute shall be referred to the compentent court of Rwanda). [16] Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku masezerano avugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, rusanga ikirego rwashyikirijwe kitagombaga kuzanwa mu Rukiko ahubwo cyaragombaga kujya mu bukemurampaka kuko gishingiye ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano Gasinga yagiranye na Rubagenga. [17] Atanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, Gasinga Niwe Duchesse n’umwunganira bareze COGEBANQUE Plc, Alfred Bagire Rubagenga, Mutesi Annah B, bavugaga ko ibibanza UPI: 1/02/04/01/613 na UPI: 1/02/04/01/626 byanditswe ku mazina ya Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Mutesi Annah B tariki ya 15/07/2020 ariko ikibanza cya gatatu aricyo UPI 1/02/04/01/3711 ihinduranya (Mutation) ntiryashoboka kubera ko Rubagenga na Mutesi bahamagawe kuza gukorerwa ihinduranya ntibitabe , ibyo bibanza bibiri bikaba byaranditswe kuri Rubagenga na Mutesi ariko bakaba nta mafaranga baramwishyura. Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amasezerano, inshingano zo kwishyura zifitwe n’abaguze arinayo mpamvu barezwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, naho COGEBANQUE Plc yo ikaba yararezwe nk’iyari yishingiye abaguze. [18] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi

rusanga ku ikubitiro impaka zishingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure kuko n’uwatanze ikirego yaburanye avuga ko hakozwe mutation y’ibibanza bibiri, mutation y’ikibanza cya gatatu ibuzwa nuko abaguze babuze. Izo mpaka ubwazo zigomba gukemurwa hagati y’abagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure ateganya ko ikibazo cyavuka kizashyikirizwa ubukemurampaka. Bityo umwanzuro wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ko ikirego kitagombaga kuzanwa mu Rukiko ahubwo cyagombaga kujya mu bukemurampaka kuko gishingiye ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano Gasinga yagiranye na Rubagenga, ukaba uri mu kuri. [19] Ku bivugwa na Gasinga Niwe Duchesse ko amasezerano yo ku wa 30/06/2020 yari agamije ubwishingire bwa COGEBANQUE aho yishingiye umwenda ariko habanje gukorwa ihinduranya (mutation) ry’ibibanza bya Gasinga Niwe Duchesse hagati ya Alfred Bagire Rubagenga na Gasinga Niwe Duchesse, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rusanga ibyo COGEBANQUE yemeye mu ibaruwa REF 2147/2020/10-101/csew yo ku wa 30/06/2020 byuzuza amasezerano y’ubugure yabaye hagati ya Gasinga Niwe Duchesse na Alfred Bagire Rubagenga &Mutesi. Kuba hakiri impaka kubirebana na mutation hagati y’abagiranye amasezerano ateganya ubukemurampaka, n’ibirebana no kwishyura nabyo bigomba gukemuka aruko izo mpaka zibanje gukemurwa. [20] Urukiko ruhereye ku bisobanuro bitanzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, rusanga impamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe na Gasinga Niwe Duchesse ko irebana no kuba ikirego yatanze ku rwego rwa mbere cyari kwakirwa nta shingiro ifite. Nkuko byasobanuwe, ikirego yatanze kigomba kujya mu bukemurampaka. [21] Urukiko rusanga ibijyanye no gusuzuma niba COGEBANQUE Plc idakwiye gushyira mu bikorwa icyemezo yafashe cyo kwishingira umwenda Alfred Bagire Rubagenga nk’uko bivugwa mu ibaruwaREF 2147/2020/10-101/csew yoku wa 30/06/2020, Urukiko rusanga iki ibazo

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kitasuzumwa kuko kirebana n’urubanza mu mizi kandi ikirego kikaba kitarakiriwe. Ibi kandi birareba n’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba nta indishyi zibariwe kuri 18% ku mwaka za 99.584.007 Frw zikwiye guhabwa Gasinga Niwe Duchesse muri uru rubanza. II. UBUJURIRE BWURIRIYE KU BUNDI Kumenya niba COGEBANQUE Plc na MUTESI ANNAH B bahabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka [22] COGEBANQUE Plc isaba ko yakwishyurwa igihembo cy’Avoka n'indishyi za 2.000.000frw harimo n'ikurikiranarubanza rya 500.000frw kubera guhora basiragiza Banki mu manza z'amaherere. [23] Mutesi Annah B asaba ko Gasinga Duchesse agomba kongera gutanga indishyi zo kumushora mu manza n’igihembo cy’Avoka za 2.000.000Frw. [24] Gasinga Duchesse ntiyigeze yisobanura kuri iyi ngingo. Uko Urukiko rubibona [25] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi yibukijwe haruguru iteganya ibikurira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [26] Uwatsinzwe urubanza akwiye kwshyura uwarutsinzwe amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza iyo

agaragaje ko yaburanye yunganiwe cyangwa ahagarariwe n’Avoka, anagaragaje ko hari ibyo yatakaje akurikirana urubanza. Urukiko rurasanga Gasinga Niwe Duchesse akwiye kwishyura COGEBANQUE Plc 300.000FRW y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire. Aya mafaranga niyo agomba guhabwa MUTESI ANNAH B. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire rwashyikirijwe na Gasinga Niwe Duchesse nta shingiro bufite. [28] Rwemeje ko hagumyeho imikirize y‘urubanza RCOM 00615/2021/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 29/12/2021. [29] Rutegetse Gasinga Niwe Duchesse kwishyura COGEBANQUE Plc 500.000FRW (agizwe na 300.000FRW y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza) ku rwego rw’ubujurire.

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[30] Rutegetse Gasinga Niwe Duchesse kwishyura MUTESI ANNAH B 500.000FRW (agizwe na 300.000FRW y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza) ku rwego rw’ubujurire. [31] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Gasinga Niwe Duchesse ijurira iherera ku isanduku ya Leta kuko ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.