GASIRIKARE v. FONDS DE GARANTIE AUTOMOBILE

# GASIRIKARE v. FONDS DE GARANTIE AUTOMOBILE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2013-09-27 - Case/document no.: RCAA 0147/11/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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GASIRIKARE v. FONDS DE GARANTIE AUTOMOBILE (FGA) [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCAA 0147/11/CS (Mukanyundo, P.J., Rugabirwa na Mukandamage, J.) 27 Nzeri 2013] Amategeko mbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomaka ku ikosa – Ingaruka zo kuvuguruzanya kw’abatangabuhamya no kudatanga ibimenyetso by’ikiregerwa – Kudatanga ibimenyetso by’ibyo uregera ntibitangirwa indishyi – Kwivuguruza kw’abatangabuhamya bituma ubuhamya bwabo budahabwa agaciro – Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rishyiraho urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano igitabo cya gatatu,, ingingo ya 258 – Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 65 – Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 9. Incamake y’ikibazo: Imodoka Minibus Toyota Hiace y’uwajuriye yakoze impanuka avuga ko yatewe nuko imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye kuko yateye shoferi amatara maremare akamuhuma amaso hanyuma iramugonga irikomereza. Uwajuriye yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba ko yamuha indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka kubera ko imodoka ye yagonzwe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye, rwemeje ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite kuko ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Bushinjacyaha bwemeje ko nta modoka itaramenyekanye yateje imodoka ye impanuka, nta ndishyi uregwa yamuha. Ntiyishimiye icyemezo cy’Urukiko nuko ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. Byatumye ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagombaga gushingira ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu Bugenzacyaha bwemeza ko imodoka ye yagonzwe n’indi yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye, maze rugategeka ko uregwa kumuha indishyi, aho gushingira ku buhamya budafite agaciro bwo mu Bushinjacyaha no ku ifoto y’uregwa itaragiweho impaka igihe cy’iburanisha, naho uregwa akavuga ko atamuha indishyi kuko imodoka ye itagonzwe n’imodoka itazwi. . Incamake y’icyemezo: kwivuguruza kw’abatangabuhamya bituma ubuhamya bwabo budahabwa agaciro kuko bitera gushidikanya bityo n’inyandiko-mvugo yakozwe n’Umugenzacyaha ishingiye kuri ubwo buhamya ikaba nta gaciro yahabwa, ikindi kandi kuba urega nta kimenyetso agaragaza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko impanuka imodoka ye yagize yatewe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye bituma nta ndishyi ahabwa ziyikomokaho. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku uwajuriye . Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rishyiraho urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano igitabo cya gatatu, ingingo ya 258.

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Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 65. Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 9. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 20/10/2007, mu ma saa tanu z’ijoro, imodoka Minibus Toyota Hiace, Plaque RAA 631 X ya Gasirikare Evariste yakoze impanuka ubwo yari igeze Shyorongi, ahitwa i Kanyinya, yerekeje mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Nyuma yaho, Gasirikare yareze Fonds de Garantie Automobile (FGA ) mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba ko yamuha indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka kubera ko imodoka ye yagonzwe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye. [2] Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Gasirikare nta shingiro gifite kuko ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Bushinjacyaha bwemeje ko nta modoka itaramenyekanye yateje imodoka ye impanuka, ko rero FGA itagomba kumuha indishyi, rutegeka Gasirikare kuyiha 150.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [3] Gasirikare yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru i Kigali, rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeranye n’igihembo cya Avoka, rutegeka Gasirikare guha FGA 300.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yiyongera ku yo yagenewe mbere, rusobanura ko ifoto yatanzwe na FGA igaragaza ko imodoka ya Gasirikare itakubwe n’indi modoka itazwi nk’uko n’umushoferi Biseruka Védaste wari uyitwaye igihe yakoraga impanuka yabyemeje. [4] Gasirikare yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagombaga gushingira ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu Bugenzacyaha bwemeza ko imodoka ye yagonzwe n’indi yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye, maze rugategeka ko FGA imuha indishyi, aho gushingira ku buhamya budafite agaciro bwo mu Bushinjacyaha no ku ifoto ya FGA itaragiweho impaka igihe cy’iburanisha, naho FGA ikavuga ko itamuha indishyi kuko imodoka ye itagonzwe n’imodoka itazwi. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 23/04/2013, Gasirikare Evariste ahagarariwe na Me Nkeza S. Clément na Me Nsengiyumva Vianney, naho FGA ihagarariwe na Me Mutembe Protais. Kuwa 30/07/2013, Urukiko rwongeye gufungura iburanisha kugira ngo rurusheho gusobanukirwa n’agaciro k’ibyangiritse kuri iyo modoka, no gushyikirizwa amasezerano y’ubwishingizi iyo modoka yari ifite igihe yakoraga impanuka hamwe n’imenyekanisha ry’impanuka ryakozwe ikimara gukora impanuka.

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II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO: Kumenya niba impanuka yangije imodoka ya Gasirikare yaratewe n’imodoka itaramenyekanye [6] Ababuranira Gasirikare bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagombaga gushingira ku buhamya bwo mu Bugenzacyaha bwemeza mu buryo butavuguruzanya ko impanuka yatewe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye, maze rukamugenera indishyi zose hamwe zingana na 136.168.105 Frw zikubiyemo amafaranga yo gukoresha imodoka, aya “parking”, ay’igihombo yatewe, indishyi z’akababaro n’igihembo cya Avoka, aho gushingira ku ifoto yatanzwe na FGA itaragiweho impaka igihe cy’iburanisha igaragaza ko imodoka ye yagonzwe ku ruhande rw’iburyo, nyamara yaragonzwe ku ruhande rw’ibumoso. [7] Bavuga kandi ko urwo Rukiko rutagombaga gutesha agaciro ubuhamya bwavuzwe haruguru ruhereye ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu Bushinjacyaha mu mwaka wa 2009, kuko mu by’ukuri bugizwe n’imvugo za shoferi Biseruka Védaste wenyine wivuguruje kubera ko yagiranye amakimbirane na Gasirikare nyuma y’impanuka no kuba FGA yaramuhaye ruswa ya 50.000 Frw nk’uko bigaragazwa na sheki iri muri dosiye, ndetse inamufasha gushakisha abatangabuhamya bagiye mu Bushinjacyaha babyibwirije bajyanywe no kuvuguruza ubuhamya batanze mbere mu Bugenzacyaha. [8] Basobanura ko ari imodoka itazwi yateje impanuka kuko yateye shoferi Biseruka amatara maremare amuhuma amaso, inagonga imodoka yari atwaye, irangije irikomereza. Iby’iyo mpanuka bigaragazwa n’igishushanyo cyakozwe n’Umugenzacyaha ubifitiye ububasha wageze ahabereye impanuka nyuma y’iminota mike ikimara kuba, ndetse akibonera uburyo izo modoka zombi zagonganye ahereye ku cyerekezo cy’amapine yazo, ko rero icyo gishushanyo kitagomba kuvuguruzwa n’igishushanyo Biseruka Védaste yakoreye COGEAR kitagaragaza ko imodoka zakomanyeho (point de choc) kuko cyakozwe hashingiwe ku buhamya bwatanzwe nyuma y’iminsi ibiri impanuka ibaye no kuba uwagikoze atari afite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kugikora. [9] Uburanira FGA avuga ko Urukiko rutashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya kuko rwasanze zivuguruzanya bituma rushingira ku ifoto yatanzwe na FGA igaragaza ko imodoka ya Gasirikare itagonzwe n’imodoka itazwi. Avuga kandi ko FGA itahaye shoferi Biseruka ruswa kugira ngo yivuguruze, ko amafaranga yamuhaye yari ay’insimburamibyizi y’iminsi yamaze ajya gutanga ubuhamya mu Bushinjacyaha, aho yasobanuye ko ari Gasirikare wari wamutegetse kubeshya ko impanuka yatewe n’imodoka itazwi kugira ngo FGA izamuhe indishyi, ariko ko yasanze agomba kuvugisha ukuri, akaba yemeza ko impanuka yatewe n’uko imodoka yari atwaye yabuze feri. [10] Avuga na none ko mu nzego z’iperereza, Biseruka Védaste yavuze ko impanuka yatewe n’amatara maremare yatunzwe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye, kandi ko yagonze imodoka ya Gasirikare ku ruhande rw’ibumoso bituma agwa mu kiraro, nyamara igihe yamenyekanishaga impanuka muri COGEAR yaravuze ko impanuka yatewe ni uko imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Land Cruiser yamuteye amatara ya “spot light“, kandi ko itagonze imodoka yari atwaye, anayiha n’igishushanyo kibigaragaza, ko rero itamuha indishyi asaba kuko imodoka ye itatewe impanuka n’imodoka itazwi, kandi ko yanyuranije n’ingingo ya 28, 1° na 2° y’Itegeko n°

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52/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 rishyiraho Ikigega Cyihariye cy’Ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga kuko atavugishije ukuri ku byerekeranye n’imigendekere y’impanuka. Asanga ahubwo Gasirikare yarabonye ko imodoka ye yangiritse kandi yari ifite ubwishingizi bushingiye ku buryozwe gusa (assurance responsabilité contre tiers) bituma atangira gushakisha uburyo FGA yamuha indishyi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ko “urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda”. [12] Inyandiko-mvugo yakozwe n’Umugenzacyaha kuwa 20/10/2007, ashingiye ku buhamya bwa Kabayiza Jean Baptiste, Mukamana Madeleine, Mazimpaka Théogène bari mu modoka ya Gasirikare igihe yakoraga impanuka ndetse n’ubwa Biseruka Védaste wari uyitwaye, igaragaza ko impanuka yatewe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye “plaque” zayo kuko yagonze imodoka Toyota Hiace RAA 631 X ya Gasirikare ku ruhande rw’ibumoso ubwo zabisikaniraga mu ikorosi riri i Shyorongi bituma iya Gasirikare igwa mu kiraro. Yakoze kandi igishushanyo kigaragaza aho izo modoka zombi zakomanyeho (point de choc). [13] Abatangabuhamya bavuzwe haruguru bongeye gushimangira ubwo buhamya bwabo igihe bari mu Bugenzacyaha kuwa 09/11/2007, uretse ko Mukamana Madeleine atavuze ko izo modoka zagonganye kuko yavuze gusa ko yabonye amatara y’imodoka yabateje impanuka. Ubwo buhamya buhuje kandi n’imvugo Gasirikare yaburanishije mu Nkiko. [14] Mu imenyekanisha ry’impanuka (déclaration d’accident) ryo kuwa 25/10/2007, Biseruka Védaste yakoreye muri COGEAR, aho iyo modoka yari yarafatiye ubwishingizi, yasobanuye ko impanuka yatewe n’uko imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Land Cruiser yamuteye amatara ya “spot light“, kandi ko yayihungiye iburyo bw’umuhanda yagenderagamo bituma agwa mu kiraro. Yakoze n’igishushanyo kigaragaza ko iyo modoka itigeze igongana n’imodoka yari atwaye. [15] Mu nyandiko-mvugo z’abatangabuhamya Biseruka Védaste, Mukandori Gloriose, Mukangarambe Clotilde, Mukarusagara Edith, Mukayisenga Donata na Tumugire Célestin bari mu modoka ya Gasirikare icyo gihe bakorewe mu Bushinjacyaha kuwa 14/07/2009, basobanuye ko nta modoka yabacaniye amatara maremare bigeze babona mbere y’uko bakora impanuka, ko ahubwo impanuka yatewe n’uko imodoka Biseruka Védaste yari atwaye yabuze feri, uretse ko Tumugire Célestin yemeje ko atazi icyateye impanuka. Biseruka Védaste yongeyeho ko ari Gasirikare wari wamutegetse kuvuga ko impanuka yatewe n’imodoka itaramenyekanye kugira ngo sosiyete y’Ubwishingizi izamuhe indishyi. [16] Na none mu iperereza ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 26/10/2011, abatangabuhamya Mukamana Madeleine, Mukarusagara Edith na Mukayisenga Donata bari mu modoka ya Gasirikare igihe yakoraga impanuka bemeje ko nta modoka bigeze babona ibatera amatara ku buryo yafatwa ko ariyo yabateje impanuka. Banavuze ko batazi mu by’ukuri icyateye impanuka

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kuko Mukamana Madeleine yavuze ko yumvise ikintu gikubita ku modoka barimo ahita atakaza ubwenge, Mukarusagara Edith avuga ko igihe bari kwa muganga yumvise Biseruka Védaste avuga ko imodoka zagonganye, nyuma bamubwira ko azavuga ko yari yabuze feri, naho Mukayisenga Donata avuga ko yagaruye ubwenge nyuma yo gukora impanuka yumva bavuga ko imodoka yari yacitse feri. [17] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Gasirikare aburanisha by’uko FGA yahaye Biseruka Védaste ruswa y’ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000 Frw) kugira ngo azashake abatangabuhamya bazamufasha kuvuguruza ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Bugenzacyaha nta shingiro bifite, kuko nyuma y’iminsi itanu (5) impanuka ibaye, atari yanahura na FGA, Biseruka Védaste ubwe yari yaramaze kwivuguruza kuko yibwiriye COGEAR ko impanuka yetewe n’uko yahunze imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Land Cruiser yari igiye kumugonga bituma agwa mu kiraro, ayishyikiriza n’igishushanyo kigaragaza ko izo modoka zombi zitigeze zikomanaho. [18] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, uretse Biseruka Védaste, hari n’abandi batangabuhamya bavuzwe haruguru bari mu modoka ya Gasirikare igihe yakoraga impanuka bivuguruje ku byerekeranye n’impamvu yateye iyo modoka impanuka, bigaragara rero ko ubuhamya bwabo butahabwa agaciro hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo1 kubera ko butera gushidikanya ku cyateje iyo modoka impanuka, bityo n’inyandiko-mvugo yakozwe n’Umugenzacyaha kuwa 20/10/2007 ishingiye kuri ubwo buhamya ikaba nta gaciro yahabwa. [19] Urukiko rurasanga rero nta kimenyetso Gasirikare yatanze kigaragaza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko impanuka imodoka ye yagize yatewe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itaramenyekanye, ndetse n’ikimenyetso cy’ifoto Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho mu guca urubanza nta mpamvu yacyo. [20] Ku byerekeye indishyi zisabwa na Gasirikare muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga atari ngombwa kuzisuzuma kuko zicibwa gusa uwakoreye undi ikosa nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 258 CCLIII2, nyamara akaba atariko bimeze muri uru rubanza nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Gasirikare Evariste nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RCA 0173/10/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru; 1Iyo ngingo ivuga ko “Urukiko ni rwo rwonyine rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya. Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira”. 2Iyo ngingo ivuga ko “Igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse”.

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[23] Rutegetse Gasirikare Evariste gutanga amagarama y’uru rubanza angana na 46.500 Frw habariwemo n’ayo yaciwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, atayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani, ayo mafaranga akavanwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta.