GROUPE SCOLAIRE ADB-NYARUTARAMA v. IBYIMANABIRIZANA

# GROUPE SCOLAIRE ADB-NYARUTARAMA v. IBYIMANABIRIZANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-17 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC00014/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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GROUPE SCOLAIRE ADB-NYARUTARAMA v. IBYIMANABIRIZANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC00014/2022/CA (Munyangeri, P.J., Ngagi na Kamere, J.) 17 Mutarama 2025]

Amategeko agenga imanza zisabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ni rwo rufite ububasha bwo gukosora ibitarakozwe neza n’inkiko zabanje rwongera kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi, mu gihe ari rwo rwagenwe ngo rurusubiremo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Kwirukana umukozi nta mpamvu – Umukoresha usesa amasezerano y’umurimo ntiyubahirize inzira bikorwamo ziteganywa n’amategeko, ndetse n’ibyo impande zombi zumvikanyeho mu masezerano, aba yirukanye umukozi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, abitangira indishyi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ibyimanabirizana yakoraga akazi ko kwigisha mu kigo cya Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama, bakaba bari baragiranye amasezerano y’igihe kitazwi kuva ku wa 06/07/2017, ahembwa umushahara wa buri kwezi w’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itandatu na bitanu (165,000Frw). Ku wa 16/02/2018 amasezerano ye ngo yaje guhindurwa ashyirwa ku mushahara w’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo inani na bitatu (83,000Frw) maze yanga kuyasinya bituma Umuyobozi muri icyo Kigo amusaba gutaha ngo kuko akazi karangiye. Ibi yabiregeye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba guhabwa indishyi zitandukanye zijyanye no kuba yarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Groupe Scolaire ADB Nyarutarama yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cy’Urega kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge yaregeye rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza rwabo, ahubwo ari Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. Yasabye kandi ko ikirego kitakwakirwa mu gihe Urukiko rubibonye ukundi kuko abandi bakozi bose bahinduriwe amasezerano y’akazi bitewe na gahunda y’amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro yahindutse, maze barayasinya ariko Urega ni we wenyine wanze gusinya. Mbere yo guca urubanza mu mizi, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha rwemeza ko urubanza ruri mu bubasha bwarwo. Mu mizi rwemeje ko Urega yirukanwe mu buryo budakurirkije amategeko maze rutegeka Uregwa kumuha indishyi zitandukanye zijyanye n’uko kwirukanwa kudakurikije amategeko. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urega yataye akazi, kuko yanze gukurikiza gahunda y’imyigishirize mishya Leta yari yashyizeho. Urega yireguye avuga ko ubwo bujurire budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko ibyo Uregwa avuga babiburanye ndetse hafashwe icyemezo hakurikijwe amategeko dore ko Uregwa ntaho anenga icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, usibye gutinza urubanza gusa. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe n’Ikigo nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rujuririrwa rudahindutse. Groupe Scolaire ADB Nyarutarama yasabye ko urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane arabyemererwa, maze Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeza ko ruburanishwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Iki kigo kivuga ko usibye ikibazo kijyanye n’ububasha bw’urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi, Urukiko Rukuru rwasesenguye nabi impamvu nyamukuru yatumye umushahara w’Uregwa muri uru rubanza rw’akarengane ugabanuka maze rwemeza ko yirukanywe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Uregwa avuga ko nta mategeko yishwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo, ndetse Urega na we ubwe yiyemereye bari imbere y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu Karere ko yamwirukanye mu magambo nta baruwa yo kumusezerera ahawe. Muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire hasuzumwe ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ububasha bw’urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi atari indemyagihugu, ku buryo umuburanyi ashobora kuregera urukiko ashatse. Aha Groupe

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Scolaire ivuga ko kuva ku rwego rwa mbere batanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’urukiko ariko ntiyahabwa ishingiro aho Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko atari ndemyagihugu ku buryo byasaba gutesha agaciro urubanza rwajuririwe. Ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ari rwo rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza dore ko ikibazo cyabo bagishyikirije umugenzuzi w’umurimo wo muri ako Karere ka Gasabo. Bityo, isaba ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere kuri iki kibazo zakurwaho ariko rwabibona ukundi rugafata icyemezo cyo gusuzuma niba Uregwa yarirukanywe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Uregwa muri uru rubanza rw’akarengane avuga ko nta mategeko ajyanye n’ububasha bw’inkiko yishwe kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ni rwo rwari rufite ububasha bitewe ni uko uwo baburana ariho yari afite icyicaro. Ikindi ni uko iyo nzitizi yarangije gufatwaho icyemezo ikaba itarigeze ijuririrwa. Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba amasezerano y’akazi hagati ya Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama na Ibyimanabirizana, yaraseshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ku buryo yabihererwa indishyi, Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama ivuga ko ibigo by’imyuga byahinduriwe gahunda y’imyigishirize maze amasaha Uregwa yigishagamo aragabanuka bituma n’umushahara we uhinduka kuko umushahara wari mu masezerano mashya wagabanutse hakurikijwe umubare w’amasaha y’akazi yagombaga kujya akora. Bityo, kutemera amabwiriza mashya ya Leta, Uregwa yataye akazi, aba ari byo biherwaho amasezerano y’umurimo bari baragiranye aseswa. Uru Rukiko rukaba rusabwa kwemeza ko amasezerano y’umurimo bari bafitanye ataseshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ndetse n’indishyi yaciwe zikavanwaho. Uregwa muri uru rubanza avuga ko nta karengane Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama yagiriwe kuko yahinduye amasezerano y’akazi bari bafitanye batabyumvikanyeho yanga kuyashyiraho umukono, bituma yirukanwa ku kazi. Ibi bigaragaza ko yirukanwe mu buryo bunyunyije n’amategeko dore ko yiyemereye imbere y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo ko yamwirukanye mu magambo. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ni rwo rufite ububasha bwo gukosora ibitarakozwe neza n’inkiko zabanje rwongera kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi, mu gihe ari rwo rwagenwe ngo rurusubiremo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. 2. Umukoresha usesa amasezerano y’umurimo ntiyubahirize inzira bikorwamo ziteganywa n’amategeko, ndetse n’ibyo impande zombi zumvikanyeho mu masezerano, aba yirukanye umukozi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, abitangira indishyi. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Ngenga No 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko, ingingo ya 121 n’iya 178. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 22, 29, 33, 35, 38, n’iya 47. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA00010/2016/SC, Murego Paulin na Simpunga Charles, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 09/06/2017. RS/INJUST/RSOC00020/2022/CA, Bigirimana Tharcisse na VIVO Energy Rwanda Ltd. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/03/2024. RS/INJUST/RSOC00014/2023/CA, Uwingabiye Monique na EAR, Diyosezi ya Shyira, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 13/07/2024.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ibyimanabirizana Albert avuga ko ku wa 06/07/2017 yagiranye amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi na Groupe scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama yo kwigisha kuri icyo kigo, akaba yaratunganyije inshingano ze neza kuko mu gihe cyose yahamaze nta baruwa yigeze yandikirwa ivuga ku makosa yaba yakoze. Avuga ko ku wa 16/02/2018, yagiye ku kazi bisazwe, agezeyo asanga umuyobozi w’icyo kigo yateguye andi masezerano amukura ku mushahara w’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itandatu na bitanu (165,000Frw), amushyira k’uw’ibihumbi mirongo inani na bitatu (83,000Frw), abibonye atyo yanga kuyashyiraho umukono, umuyobozi witwa Nzabamwita Jean Vianney amusaba gutaha ngo kuko akazi karangiye. Ibyimanabirizana Albert yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba guhabwa indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, agahabwa indishyi zisimbura integuza atahawe, imperekeza, indishyi zijyanye n’uko atahawe icyemezo cy’imirimo ku gihe, gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize no guzubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka. [2] Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama yatanze inzitizi ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza, ko ahubwo ruri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bityo ko ikirego cya Ibyimanabirizana Albert kitagomba kwakirwa. Yasabye ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi, ikirego kikakirwa, nta shingiro cyahabwa kubera ko Ibyimanabirizana Albert kimwe na bagenzi be bahinduriwe amasezerano y’akazi bitewe na gahunda y’amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro yahindutse, ikaba noneho yaragombaga kwigisha muri system ya module yitwa Competence based training (CBT), abandi barabyemera we arabyanga ahita ata akazi, ko rero yirukanywe ku kazi kubera kugata, akaba nta ndishyi agomba guhabwa. Ku wa 05/02/2019, urwo Rukiko rwafashe icyemezo ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha bwarwo yari yazamuwe na Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama, rwemeza ko ikirego rwaregewe kuri mu bubasha bwarwo. [3] Mu rubanza RSOC00128/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 30/04/2019, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 22, iya 33, iya 29, iya 35, iya 38, iya 47 z’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, no ku ngingo ya 258 y’igiabo cya atat cy’urwunge rw’amatagake mboezamubano, rwemeje ko: a. ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Ibyimanabirizana Albert gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; b. Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama: - yaseshe amasezerano y’akazi yari ifitanye na Ibyimanabirizana Albert mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; - iha Ibyimanabirizana Albert indishyi zingana n’amafaranga miliyoni imwe, ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo inani na magana atanu (1,480,500Frw); - iteganyiriza Ibyimanabirizana Albert uko bikwiye kuva ku wa 06/07/2017 kugeza ku wa 16/02/2018; - yishyura Ibyimanabirizana Albert amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka; - isubiza Ibyimanabirizana Albert amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50,000Frw). [4] Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, ivuga ko n’ubwo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko Ibyimanabirizana Albert yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo

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bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ngo ahubwo asanga ari we wataye akazi, kuko yanze gukurikiza gahunda y’imyigishirize mishya Leta yari yashyizeho. [5] Ibyimanabirizana Albert yireguye avuga ko mu rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko rwakurikije amategeko rutanga ubutabera, bityo ko ntaho umucamanza wa mbere yaba yarirengagije gusuzuma dore ko n’abajuriye ntaho banenga icyemezo cy’urukiko ahubwo basubira mu byaburanwe mbere bigaragara ko ari ugutinza irangizwa ry´urubanza gusa. Bityo ko ubujurire bwa Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro. [6] Mu rubanza RSOCA00143/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 07/05/2020, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 121 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko, ku ngingo ya 33 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, rwemeje ko: a. ubujurire bwa Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama, nta shingiro bufite; b. urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse, Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama ikaba igomba guha Ibyimanabirizana Albert amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu (250,000Frw) yiyongera kuyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere; amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40,000Frw) yatanzweho ingwate ahwana n’ibyakoze mu rubanza. [7] Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire isaba ko urubanza RSOCA00143/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 07/05/2020, rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, uyu abikorera raporo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, maze mu cyemezo nimero 252/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 27/10/2022, yemeza ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rukazaburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Urwo rubanza rwanditswe kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC00014/2022/CA, maze nyuma y’imihango ntegurarubanza yose, hemezwa ko ruzaburanishwa ku wa 07/10/2024, uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa kubera izindi gahunda z’Urukiko, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 09/12/2024. [8] Uwo munsi Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama na Ibyimanabirizana Albert bitabye Urukiko, Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama ihagarariwe na Me Twilingiyemungu Joseph, Ibyimanabizana Albert atunganiwe, Me Nyirasuku Jeanne wagombaga kumwunganira akaba yaragaragarije Urukiko ko arwaje umwana mu bitaro, asaba ko iburanisha ryimurirwa ku yindi tariki arabyemererwa, ryimurirwa ku wa 08/01/2025. [9] Uwo munsi ababuranyi baritabye, Groupe Scolaire ADB-nyarutarama ihagarariwe nka mbere, Ibyimanabirizana Albert yunganiwe na Me Nyirasuku Jeanne. [10] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, uhagarariye Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama avuga ko uretse ikibazo cy’ububasha bw’Urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi, Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ubusesenguzi butari bwo ku kibazo cyasuzumwaga kijyanye n’uburyo amasezerano y’akazi yaseshwe, aho rwavuze ko icyo kigo cyirukanye Ibyimanabirizana Albert mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, rushingiye gusa ku kuba yaragabanyirijwe umushahara, ntirwasesengura impamvu nyamukuru zatumye uwo mushahara ugabanuka. Asoza asaba ko ikigo ahagarariye gihabwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. [11] Ibyimanabirizana Albert n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutishe amategeko kandi ko imbere y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo, umuyobozi wa Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama yiyemereye ko yamwirukanye mu magambo gusa, itamuhaye ibaruwa imusezerera ku kazi. [12] Nyuma y’izo mpaka, Urukiko rurasanga rugomba gusuzuma ibibazo bikurikira:

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- kumenya niba ububasha bw’urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi atari indemyagihugu, ku buryo umuburanyi ashobora kuregera urukiko ashatse; - kumenya niba amasezerano y’akazi hagati ya Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama na Ibyimanabirizana Albert, yaraseshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; - ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba ububasha bw’urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi ari ndemyagihugu, ku buryo byanze bikunze Ibyimanabirizana Albert yagombaga kurega Groupe Scolaire ADB Nyarutarama mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo [13] Uhagarariye Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama avuga ko kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ndetse no mu Rukiko Rukuru, batanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’urukiko igaragaza ko Urukiko rwari rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma iki kirego ari Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku mpamvu z’uko ariho ikorera ndetse n’amasezerano y’akazi akaba ariho yashyirirwaga mu bikorwa, no kuba umugenzuzi w’umurimo w’Akarere ka Gasabo ari we wabanje kugezwaho ikibazo, birirengagizwa. Avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 121 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ari rwo rwari rufite ububasha kandi ko ububasha bw’urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi atari indemyagihugu ku buryo byasaba gutesha agaciro urubanza rwajuririwe. [14] Akomeza asobanura ko Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama isanga Urukiko Rukuru rwaribeshye kubera ko ingingo y’i 121 y’Itegeko Ngenga N° 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko rwifashishije iteganya ibikurikira: urukiko rw’aho uregwa atuye ni rwo rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza. Bityo ko kuba urega atuye mu Karere ka Gasabo, kandi umugereka wa kabiri w’Itegeko ngenga N° 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko, ugaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ari rwo rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha abaregwa batuye mu Karere ka Gasabo, byumvikana ko ikirego cya Ibyimanabirizana Albert cyagombaga gutangwa muri urwo Rukiko, naho ko kuvuga ko ububasha bushingiye ku ifasi atari indemyagihugu, bidaha urega ububasha bwo kuregera urukiko ashaka. [15] Asoza asaba ko mu gihe uru Rukiko rwasanga ububasha bw’urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi ari indemyagihugu, rwatesha agaciro imanza zaciwe mbere, rwabibona ukundi, rugafata icyemezo ku kibazo kirebana no kumenya niba Ibyimanabirizana Albert yarasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [16] Ibyimanabirizana Albert n’umwunganira bireguye bavuga ko basanga nta mategeko ajyanye n’ububasha bw’inkiko yishwe, kuko igihe ikirego cyatangwaga, ingingo ya 121 y’Itegeko Ngenga N° 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko ryakoreshwaga, yateganyaga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ari rwo rwari rufite ububasha kuko uregwa yari afite icyicaro mu ifasi y’urwo Rukiko, kandi ko iyi nzitizi yafashweho icyemezo mu rwego rwa mbere, ntiyajuririrwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba mu gihe Ibyimanabirizana Albert yaregaga Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama, ububasha bw’urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi bwari indemyagihugu, ku buryo byanze bikunze yagombaga kuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo.

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[18] Ingingo ya 121, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Ngenga No 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigenga imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko, ryakoreshwaga igihe Ibyimanabirizana Albert yaregaga, iteganya ko uretse mu gihe hari andi mategeko abiteganya ukundi, urukiko rw’aho uregwa atuye ni rwo rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza. Ingingo ya 178, igika cya kabiri y’Itegeko Ngenga rimaze kuvugwa iteganya ko mu manza z’imbonezamubano, amategeko yerekeye ububasha bwo kuziburanisha (compétence matérielle ou d’attribution) ariyo yonyine y’indemyagihugu, keretse mu bihe itegeko ribigena ukundi. [19] Ikibazo gisa n’iki cyafashweho umurongo mu rubanza RCOMAA00010/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 09/06/2017, haburana Murego Paulin na Simpunga Charles. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko kuba urukiko rwaraburanishije urubanza kuko rubifitiye ububasha hashingiwe ku kiburanwa, urwo rubanza rutateshwa agaciro n’uko gusa rutari mu ifasi y’urukiko rwaruburanishije. [20] Mu rubanza RSOCA 00143/2019/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urwo rubanza, mu gika cya 11, rusobanura ko nta mategeko ajyanye n’ububasha bw’inkiko yishwe kuko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 121 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ari rwo rwari rufite ububasha mu gihe ikirego cyatangwaga kandi ko n’ubusanzwe, ububasha bw’urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi atari indemyagihugu ku buryo byasaba gusesa urubanza rwajuririwe.1 [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 178, igika cya kabiri y’Itegeko Ngenga rimaze kuvugwa iteganya ko mu manza z’imbonezamubano, amategeko yerekeye ububasha bwo kuziburanisha (compétence matérielle ou d’attribution) ari yo yonyine y’indemyagihugu, keretse mu bihe itegeko ribigena ukundi, ububasha bw’urukiko bushingiye ku ifasi atari indemyagihugu koko, kuko binashoboka ko n’impande zombi zigirana amasezerano yo kwihitiramo kugena urukiko zizaburaniramo mu gihe havutse impaka mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano bagiranye. [22] Urukiko rurasanga ariko, mu gihe Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama na Ibyimanabirizana Albert nta masezerano bagiranye yo guhindura urukiko rwari rufite ububasha bushingiye ku ifasi, Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gufata ko nta mategeko yishwe ngo rwemeze ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza, uretse ko kuri uru rwego rwo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru nta ngaruka ryagira yo kuba urubanza rwakoherezwa kongera gutangira kuburanishwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwari rubifitiye ububasha kuko kuri uru rwego urubanza rugezeho uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagenwe ngo rurusubiremo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ari narwo rufite ububasha bwo gukosora ibitarakozwe neza n’inkiko zabanje rwongera kuburanisha uru rubanza mu mizi, nk’uko rugiye kubikora mu gusuzuma ibibazo bigaragazwa mu bika bikurikira by’uru rubanza, hashingiwe ku rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwatanze umurongo ku kibazo nk’iki.2 2. Kumenya niba amasezerano y’akazi hagati ya Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama na Ibyimanabirizana Albert, yaraseshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ku buryo yabihererwa indishyi [23] Uhagarariye Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama avuga ko akurikije ibikubiye mu gika cya 14 cy’urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, asanga Urukiko Rukuru rutarasobanukiwe imiterere y’ikibazo. Asobanura ko ikigo ahagarariye kitigeze gitunguza abarimu bacyo imishahara mishya, ko cyabanje kubakoresha inama, kibamenyesha ihinduka ry’amategeko agenga imyigishirize mu

1Reba urubanza RCOMAA00010/2016/SC rwo ku wa 09/06/2017, igika cya 19. 2 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00014/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 13/07/2024 haburana Uwingabiye Monique na EAR, Doyosezi ya Shyira.

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mashuri yigisha imyuga, bagaragarizwa ingano y’amasaha buri wese azigisha hagendewe kuri gahunda yatanzwe na Leta, ari nayo igena umushahara buri mwarimu azahembwa kandi ko Ibyimanabirizana Albert yari muri izo nama. Avuga ko amasezerano y’umurimo hagati y’umukozi n’umukoresha adashobora kuza imbere ya gahunda Leta iba yashyizeho mu nyungu rusange. [24] Akomeza avuga ko umushashara w’umukozi ushobora kugabanuka kubera impamvu nyinshi, kandi ko icyangombwa ari ukuzigaragaza no kuba zihuje n’ukuri, ko kandi umushahara wari mu masezerano mashya wagabanutse hakurikijwe umubare w’amasaha y’akazi Ibyimanabirizana Albert yagombaga kujya akora, bityo ko kuba yaranze uwo mushahara akigendera, bitafatwa ko yirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [25] Kuri iyi ngingo, asoza avuga ko Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama itigeze yirukana ku kazi Ibyimanabirizana Albert, ko ahubwo nyuma yo kutemera amabwiriza mashya ya Leta, yataye akazi, uko guta akazi akaba ari byo umukoresha yahereyeho asesa amasezerano y’umurimo bari baragiranye. Asaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko amasezerano y’akazi ataseshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, indishyi ikigo ahagarariye cyategetswe guha Ibyimanabirizana Albert zikavanwaho. [26] Uhagarariye Ibyimanabirizana Albert yireguye avuga ko asanga nta karengane Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama yagiriwe. Avuga ko ingingo ya 22 y’Itegeko No13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, iteganya ko amasezerano y’umurimo ashobora guhindurwa bisabwe na rumwe mu mpande zayagiranye, ariko impande zombi zibyumvikanyeho.” Bityo ko kuba Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama yarahinduye amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi yari ifitanye n’uwo ahagarariye, bigakorwa impande zombi zitabyumvikanyeho, yakanga kuyashyiraho umukono bigatuma yirukanwa ku kazi, bigaragaza ko yirukanwe ku kazi nta mpamvu, no mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, akaba akwiye kubihererwa indishyi. [27] Akomeza avuga ko kuba imbere y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo, umuyobozi w’ikigo cya Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama yariyemereye ko ikigo ayoboye kirukanye Ibyimanabirizana Albert mu magambo gusa, byumvikana ko yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ari nayo mpamvu yari yasabye kumuha amafaranga ibihumbi ijana (100,000Frw) bakarangiza ikibazo batagombye kujya mu manza, ku wa 19/03/2018 asaba gusubika ibiganiro kugira ngo ajye kuyashaka azayazane ku wa 23/03/2018, kuri iyo tariki akaba ataragarutse ku mugenzuzi w’umurimo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [28] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba amasezerano y’umurimo hagati ya Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama na Ibyimanabirizana Albert yarasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ku buryo yabihererwa indishyi. [29] Ingingo ya 22 y’itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ibikurikira: amasezerano y’umurimo ashobora guhindurwa bisabwe na rumwe mu mpande zayagiranye ariko impande zombi zibyumvikanyeho. Ingingo ya 33 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko iseswa ry’amasezerano y’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z’akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukanwe binyuranyije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), ariko kandi ntizishobora kurenza amezi atandatu (6). [30] Impaka nk’izi zafashweho umurongo mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00020/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/03/2024, haburana Bigirimana Tharcisse na VIVO Energy Rwanda Ltd. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko kuba VIVO Energy Rwanda Ltd yarasezereye ku kazi Bigirimana Tharcisse itanyuze mu nzira ziteganywa n’amategeko, nko kumuha integuza n’ibindi

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ateganyirizwa n’amategeko, igomba kumuha indishyi ziturutse ku kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko3. [31] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo inyandiko y’amasezerano y’akazi yo ku wa 06/07/2017, yabaye hagati ya Groupe Scolaire ADB-Nyarutarama na Ibyimanabirizana Albert. Ingingo ya 8 y’ayo masezerano iteganya ko uruhande rumwe mu zigiranye amasezerano rushobora kuyasesa rubanje gutanga integuza, keretse mu gihe ayo masezerano y’akazi aseshwe kubera ikosa rikomeye rya rumwe mu mpande zayagiranye (Le contrat pourra être résilié, pour un motif légitime, par l’une ou l’autre partie moyennant un préavis rēglementaire. Toutefois, le present contrat peut étre rompu sans préavis en cas de faute lourde de l’une ou l’autre partie au contrat). [32] Ingingo ya 9 y’amasezerano y’akazi yavuzwe haruguru iteganya urutonde rw’amakosa afatwa ko akomeye atuma umukoresha asesa amasezerano y’akazi, hakaba harimo igihe: - umukozi yamennye amabanga y’akazi (violation du secret professionnel par l’employé); - umukozi akoresha mu buryo budahwitse ibikoresho by’akazi yahawe (utilisation irrationnelle par l’employé du matériel mis ā sa disposition); - umukozi yagaragaweho ibikorwa byo kunyereza umutungo, kwiba cyangwa uburiganya (commission par l’employé des actes de détournement, de vol ou de fraude); - kwinjira mu rukundo n’abanyeshuri (engegement dans des relations d’intimité avec les élēves); - guha abanyeshuri amanota badakwiye hashingiwe ku mibonano mpuzabitsina, ku mafaranga cyangwa ku itonesha (vente ou distribution des points aux élēves en échange des relations sexuelles, de l’argent ou par favoritisme); - gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y’amacakubiri mu banyeshuri, mu barimu cyangwa mu bandi bakozi b’ishuri (semer l’idéologie divisionniste quel que soit son genre, parmi les élēves, les enseignants ou le personnel de soutien); - guharabika, guhutaza bagenzi be, abo ayobora cyangwa abamukuriye hifashishijwe amagambo cyangwa ibikorwa (diffamation, violence par langage ou par actes aux collēgues, subalternes ou aux supérieurs); - kugaragaza imyitwarire iyo ari yo yose ishobora kwangiza isura y’ikigo (manifester tout comportement susceptible de nuire ā la réputation ou ā l’existence de l’école). [33] Hari ibaruwa yo ku wa 22/03/2018, umuyobozi w’ishuri rya Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama yandikiye Ibyimanabirizana Albert, amumenyesha ko yirukanwe ku kazi burundu. Muri iyo baruwa asobanura ko inama y’ubutegetsi y’iryo shuri yateranye ku wa 22/03/2018 yasuzumye ingingo zitandukanye harimo ikibazo cya Ibyimanabirizana Albert wataye akazi kuva ku wa 07/02/2018, bityo ko hemejwe ko yirukanwe burundu ku kazi kuko kuva ku wa 07/07/2018 kugeza ubwo imyanzuro yafatwaga, yataye akazi nta we abimenyesheje, abari bitabiriye inama bibukije kandi Ibyimanabirizana Albert ko umurimo w’uburezi usaba ubwitange ku buryo nta wemerewe guta abanyeshuri mu gihe kingana gityo atarwaye cyangwa ku yindi mpamvu ikomeye yamenyesheje ubuyobozi bw’ishuri. [34] Inyandikomvugo yo kutumvikana yakorewe mu bugenzuzi bw’umurimo mu Karere ka Gasabo ku wa 23/03/2018, umugenzuzi w’umurimo muri ako Karere yagaragaje ko kugerageza kumvikanisha Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama na Ibyimanabirizana Albert bitashobotse, ko ku munsi wa mbere, imbere y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo, umukoresha yemeye ko yamwirukanye mu magambo gusa, ko kandi

3 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00020/2022/CA rwo ku wa 26/03/2024, igika cya 25.

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yemereye uwo mugenzuzi w’umurimo ko azamuzanira amafaranga ibihumbi ijana (100,000Frw) ku wa 23/03/2018 kugira ngo barangize ikibazo mu bwumvikane, kuri iyo tariki ntiyagaruka kureba umugenzuzi w’umurimo ndetse yanamuhamagara ntiyitabe telefoni ye. [35] Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo ariko Ibyimanabirizana Albert yanze gushyira umukono ku masezerano y’akazi ko guhembwa umushahara ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo inani na bitatu (83,000Frw) avanywe ku mushahara w’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itandatu na bine na magana atanu (164,500Frw), ibyo bitari bihagije kugira ngo yirukanwe ku kazi nta nteguza nk’uwakoze ikosa rikomeye, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe, imbere y’umugenzuzi w’umurimo yasobanuye ko yirukanwe ku kazi mu magambo ku wa 16/02/2018, ahabwa ibaruwa imwirukana mu nyandiko ku wa 07/03/2018 kandi umukoresha na we yarabyemeye. [36] Byongeye kandi, Uru Rukiko rurasanga amasezerano y’akazi Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama yagiranye na Ibyimanabirizana Albert, ateganya ko umukoresha ashobora gusesa amasezerano nta nteguza, mu gihe umukozi akoze ikosa rikomeye, bakaba baragaragaje urutonde rw’amakosa akomeye yatuma yirukanwa muri ubwo buryo, nyamara Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama ikaba nta kosa rikomeye yagaragaje muri iyo baruwa, ryaba ryarabaye impamvu yo kwirukana Ibyimanabirizana Albert nta nteguza. [37] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku kuba Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama yarirukanye ku kazi Ibyimanabirizana Albert hatubahirijwe inzira ziteganywa n’amategeko ndetse n’ibyo impande zombi zumvikanyeho mu masezerano harimo ko mu gihe nta kosa rikomeye rikozwe, umukoresha agomba gusesa amasezerano yagiranye n’umukozi habanje gutangwa integuza, ibi bikaba byarakozwe nta nteguza itanzwe, byumvikana ko Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama, yirukanye ku kazi Ibyimanabirizana Albert mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [38] Kubera izo mpamvu zose zasobanuwe haruguru, uru Rukiko rurasanga mu gutegeka Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama guha Ibyimanabirizana Albert indishyi zo kumwirukana ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, nta karengane yagiriwe. 3. Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka [39] Uhagarariye Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama asaba uru Rukiko gutegeka Ibyimanabirizana Albert gusubiza ishuri ahagarariye amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka yategetswe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu (250,000Frw) yategetswe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, no kugiha amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. Ku mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Ibyimanabirizana Albert asaba, avuga ko byazagenwa mu bushishozi bw’urukiko bitewe n’icyemezo ruzafata kubera ko ubusanzwe uwatsinzwe urubanza atagenerwa bene ayo mafaranga. [40] Uhagarariye Ibyimanabirizana Albert avuga ko amafaranga Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama isaba idakwiye kuyahabwa, kubera ko ariyo yirukanye uwo ahagarariye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Asaba ahubwo uru Rukiko gutegeka icyo Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama guha uwo ahagarariye amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1,500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [41] Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza

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ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [42] Uru Rukiko rurasanga Ibyimanabirizana Albert agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza kubera ko yashatse Avoka wo kumwunganira no kurukurikirana, ayo mafaranga akaba agomba kugenwa mu bushishozi bwarwo kubera ko ayo asaba ari menshi. Bityo, Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama ikaba igomba guha Ibyimanabirizana Albert amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [43] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSCOA00143/2019/HC/KIG, nta shingiro gifite. [44] Rutegetse Groupe Scolaire ADB- Nyarutarama guha Ibyimanabirizana Albert amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego.