NGARAMBE v ACCESS

NGARAMBE v ACCESS

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2015-10-02 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0018/13/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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NGARAMBE v. ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA 0018/13/CS (Kayitesi R, P.J., Mukandamage na Nyirandabaruta , J.) 02 Ukwakira 2015] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubwishingire – Ugomba kwishyura inguzanyo ya banki – Iyo ingwate yatanzwe n’umwishingizi ari umutungo w’umuryango kandi akaba yarabikoze atabyumvikanye n’uwo bashakanye mu gihe bashakanye mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo risesuye, biba binyuranyije n’amategeko – Ingwate iteshwa agaciro iyo uwayitanze atabikoze mu nyungu z’umuryango, uwafashe umwenda akawishyura wenyine, Itegeko ryo kuwa 10/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 552 n’iya 560. Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Igihombo – Banki yatanze inguzanyo yirengera igihombo iyo ingwate yishingiyeho yasheshwe – Nubwo banki yakoze inshingano zayo itanga inguzanyo ariko ntirebe ko umwishingizi afite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura mu gihe uwo yishingiye ananiwe kwishyura, yirengera igihombo. Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubushyingiranywe – Kuba abantu barasazeranye mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo, ntibibuza umwe kuba yakora amaserano ku giti cye yagira ingaruka ku mutungo wabo – Ntibivuze ko Umwishingizi ashoboraga kugwatiriza umutungo ahuriyeho n’umugore we batabanje kubyumvikanaho mu gihe umutungo wabo arumwe. Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Inyungu za 18% – Mu masezerano y’umwenda yavuzwe haruguru,

bigaragara ko inyungu zaciwe ziri ku kigero cya 18 %, bityo akwiye umwenda n’inyungu zibariwe kuri 18% . Incamake y’ikibazo: ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd yareze Ngarambe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ayisaba kuyishyura amafaranga angana na 23.415.747 Frws y’umwenda remezo inyungu ziwukomokaho, n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza, isaba ko yacibwa igihano kiyihatira kwishyura kingana na 50.000 frws ku munsi hakaba n’irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo. ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd yareze kandi na Agaba wishingiye Ngarambe atanga ingwate ku kibanza cye kiri mu karere ka kicukiro. Umugore wa Agaba nawe agoboka mu rubanza ku bushake asaba ko ubwo bwishingire buteshwa agaciro kubera ko umugabo we yabutanze batabyumvikanyeho kandi barashyingiranywe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange . Urukiko rwemeza yuko Ngarambe yishyura ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd amafaranga angana na 31.000.828 frws y’umwenda remezo n’inyungu sisanzwe, yishyura na 10.000 Frws buri kwezi y’igihano cy’ubukererwe mu gihe azaba atubahirije imikirize y’urubanza, runemeza ko amasezerano y’ingwate ateshejwe agaciro. Ngarambe yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko urukiko rwirengagije imiterere y’amasezerano yagiranye na Agaba, ruyatesha agaciro kandi rutarabiregewe avuga ko amasezerano y’ubushyingiranwe hagati ya Agaba n’umugore we adashobora kumubera inzitizi.ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi isaba ko umwenda waregewe wahuzwa n’igihe abaregwa bagategekwa kwishyura andi mafaranga

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y’ikurikiranarubanza. Mukagashagaza umugore wa Agaba nawe asaba indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu. Uhagarariye Ngarambe avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwatandukanyije abantu babiri bari mu masezerano amwe kubera ko rwavuze ko Ngarambe agomba kwishyura umwenda wenyine rumutandukanya n’uwatanze ingwate, avuga ko kugirango Banki yishyurwe ari uko bombi bafatanya kwishyura. Avuga kandi ko kuba urukiko rwaratesheje agaciro ingwate biba bivuze ko amasezerano y’inguzanyo nayo aba ateshejwe agaciro, avuga ko urukiko rutavanaho ibyo abantu biyemereye kandi ari itegeko hagati yabo. Uhagarariye Agaba avuga ko Ngarambe yamusabye kumusinyira ku masezerano yagiranye na banki nk’umugabo kuko yari amwizeye, bayasinyira imbere ya noteri, amuha ibyangombwa by’ikibanza cye avuga ko atashoboye kumenya ko yasinye nk’umwishingizi kubera ko amasezerano yari yanditse mu rurimi rw’igifaransa kandi atari aruzi. Avuga kandi ko ikibanza kikiri mu maboko ya Agaba n’umugore we, ko banki itakoze ishingano zayo zo kureba niba umwishingizi afite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura mu gihe uwo yari yishingiye ananiwe kwishyura kubera ko umwishingizi nta bushobozi yari afite bwo kwishingira ku mutungo afatanyije n’uwo bashakanye kuko baba barasinye bombi, asaba ko ubwishingire bwateshwa agaciro kuko ntaho bushingiye, asaba urukiko gutegeka ko atakwishyura uwo mwenda wafashwe na Ngarambe. Uhagarariye ACCESS

BANK RWANDA Ltd avuga ko kuba abagiranye amasezerano biyemeje inshingano aba yabaye itegeko hagati yabo, kutayubahiriza byaba arukuyica, bigatera kandi banki igihombo banki kubera ko yo yubahirije inshingano itanga inguzanyo, avuga ko Agaba nk’umwishingizi agomba kwirengera ingaruka zo kuba yaratanze ingwate y’ikibanza cye. Uburanira Mukagashagaza umugore wa Ngarambe avuga ko urukiko rutari gutegeka Agaba gufatanya na Ngarambe kwishyura, ko yagobotse mu rubanza asaba ko ubwishingire buseswa kubera ko ingwate umugabo we yatanze ari umutungo w’umuryango kandi bikaba bitarakozwe mu nyungu z’umuryango nk’uko amategeko abiteganya kuko basezeranye mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo busesuye. Mu kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubwishingire hagati ya Agaba n’umugore we yaba inzitizi yo gutanga ingwate, Uhagarariye Ngarambe avuga urukiko rwirengagije icyemezo cy’urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku kibazo giteye nk’iki aho rwavuze ko umuntu wese ufite imyaka y’ubukure yujuje n’ibindi byangombwa biteganywa n’amategeko yakora amasezerano amuhuza n’abandi bantu, ruvuga ko buri wese mu bashyingiranywe ku buryo bw’ivangamutungo afite ububasha bungana bwo gukurikirana umutungo no kuwugwatiriza, bwo kuba yakora ku giti cye igikorwa igikorwa gishobora kugira ingaruka ku nyungu z’umuryango, bitavuze ko umwe yakwitiranywa n’undi mu bikorwa byabyo byerekeye amasezerano bagiranye n’abandi. Kuri iki kibazo ACCESS BANK RWANDA

Ltd yo ivuga ko isanga kuba ingwate yatanzwe buri wese ayifite ho 50%, ntacyabuza ko Agaba yagira uburenganzira kuri 50% zindi z’icyo kibanza. Umugore wa Agaba we akavuga ko gufata 50% ya Agaba ku kibanza bitashoboka kuko umutungo wabo ukiri umwe kandi ko bataratandukana. Agaba we akavuga ko ibyo kugabanya umutungo mo kabiri bitarakorwa mu kirego cy’ubutane kandi ko bitakorwa muri uru rubanza. Ku byerekeye ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd, iyi isaba ko umwenda Ngarambe ayibereyemo ungana na 41.418.146 frws ubariwe ku nyungu ya 22% ku mwaka ukomeza kubarwa kugeza igihe urukiko ruzafatira icyemezo kubera ko hashize imyaka itanu yose banki itarishyurwa amafaranga yayo angana na 27.502.568 frws hamwe

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n’inyungu zawo, bikaba biyitera igihombo gikabije. Uburanira Ngarambe we akavuga ko mu kubara umwenda abona inyungu zarazamutse ziva kuri 18% zikagera kuri 22%, asaba ko hakwishyurwa hashingiwe ku nyungu zumvikanye mu masezerano. Uburanira umugore wa Ngarambe nawe avuga ko ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd idakwiye guhabwa inyungu kuberako yemeye kurangiza urubanza by’agateganyo ntiyabikora. ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd ivuga ko isaba ko Ngarambe na Agaba bakwiye kuyiha andi mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’avoka kuri uru rwego kubera ko bakomeje kuyishora mu manza nta mpamvu aho kwishyurwa umwenda wayo. Agaba avuga ko Ngarambe wajuririwe ariwe ugomba kuryozwa indishyi kubera ko banki itajuririye. Mukagashagaza nawe yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba ko Agaba na Ngarambe bakwiye kumwishyura igihembo cy’avoka kubwo kumushora mu manza nta mpamvu. Ngarambe we akavuga ko Mukagashagaza adakwiye kwaka indishyi mu rubanza umugabo we aburanamo ingwate bafatanyije kuko ariho zigomba kuva. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba mu masezerano y’inguzanyo hatagaragara ko umwishingizi yishingiye gufatanya n’uwahawe inguzanyo kwishyura umwenda wa banki, ingwate y’ikibanza yatanzwe iteshwa agaciro, uwahawe umwenda akaba agomba kuwishyura wenyine.

2. Banki igomba kwirengera igihombo iterwa n’uko ingwate yahawe yasheshwe, kubera ko yagize uburangare bukomeye ntiyasaba umwishingizi ibyangombwa kugirango imenye niba umutungo wagwatirijwe ari uwe wenyine cyangwa se ngo yerekane ko uwo bashakanye yabimuhereye uburenganzira.

3. Umwishingizi ntashoboraga kugwatiriza umutungo ahuriyeho n’umugore we batabanje kubyumvikanaho mu gihe umutungo wabo ar’umwe .

4. Mu masezerano y’umwenda yavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko inyungu zaciwe ziri ku kigero cya 18 %, bityo uwafashe inguzanyo akwiye kwishyura umwenda n’inyungu zawo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuwareze. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko ryo kuwa 10/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 552 n’iya 560. Nta manza zifashijwe

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] BANCOR S.A ubu yahindutse ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd yareze NGARAMBE Joseph mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi isaba ko yategekwa kuyishyura 23.415.747 Frw y’umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo zingana na 7.285.081 Frw ukomoka ku nguzanyo yamuhaye, amafaranga 2.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza, 10% y’igihembo cya Avoka, akanacibwa igihano gihatira kwishyura cy‘amafaranga 50.000 ku munsi y’ubukererwe, hakaba n’irangizarubanza ry‘agateganyo. [2] Yamureganye kandi na AGABA K. Silver wamwishingiye atanga ingwate ku kibanza nº 10997 ubu cyahindutse nº 0802, kiri Nonko mu Murenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, isaba ko bafatanya kwishyura. MUKAGASHAGAZA Claudine umugore wa AGABA yagobotse mu rubanza ku bushake asaba urukiko gutegeka ko ubwo bwishingire buteshwa agaciro kubera ko umugabo we yatanze ingwate ku kibanza atabyemeye kandi barasezeranye mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange. [3] Urukiko rwemeje ko NGARAMBE Joseph yishyura ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd 23.415.747 Frw y’umwenda remezo n’inyungu zingana na 7.285.081 Frw kubera ko yemera umwenda, akishyura na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza harimo n’igihembo cya Avoka wayiburaniye, yose hamwe akaba 31.000.828 Frw, runamutegeka kuyishyura 10.000 Frw buri kwezi y’igihano cy’ubukererwe mu gihe azaba atubahirije imikirize y’urubanza rumaze kuba ndakuka, urubanza rukarangizwa by’agateganyo. [4] Ku

byerekeye ingwate, urukiko rwemeje ko ikibanza cyo guturamo n° 10997 kiri Nonko mu Murenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, AGABA K. Silver yahaye ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd yishingira NGARAMBE Joseph mu masezerano y’inguzanyo yo kuwa 12/9/2008, iteshejwe agaciro kubera ko yayitanze MUKAGASHAGAZA Claudine bashyingiranywe mu buryo bw‘ivangamutungo atabyemeye, ruvuga ko AGABA K.Silver atagomba gufatanya na NGARAMBE Joseph kwishyura umwenda. [5] NGARAMBE Joseph yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko urukiko rwirengagije imiterere y’amasezerano y’inguzanyo yakozwe hagati yayo na NGARAMBE Joseph, AGABA agatanga ingwate, ko kandi rwatesheje agaciro ingwate kandi rutarabiregewe ndetse rukanivuguruza ruvuga ko NGARAMBE agomba kwishyura umwenda wenyine kandi yarawuhawe hashingiwe ku ngwate. [6] Ikindi NGARAMBE anenga urubanza ngo nuko urukiko rwirengagije ko AGABA yujuje ibyangombwa biteganywa n’amategeko kugira ngo akore amasezerano afite agaciro, ko amasezerano y’ubushyingiranwe n’umugore we adashobora kumubera inzitizi. [7] Mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi, ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd isaba ko umwenda waregewe wahuzwa n’igihe, abaregwa bakanategekwa kwishyura andi amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, naho MUKAGASHAGAZA agasaba amafaranga y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu rubanza nta mpamvu.

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[8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame tariki ya 28/07/2015, ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd ihagarariwe na Me KAYIHURA M. Didace, NGARAMBE Joseph aburanirwa na Me GUMISIRIZA Hilary, AGABA K. Silver ahagarariwe na Me SHEMA T. Gérard, naho MUKAGASHAGAZA Claudine aburanirwa na Me KABERA Johnson. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO a. Kumenya niba NGARAMBE Joseph na AGABA Silver bagomba gufatanya kwishyura umwenda wa ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd. [9] Me GUMISIRIZA uburanira NGARAMBE avuga ko urukiko rwirengagije imiterere y’amasezerano y’inguzanyo yakozwe hagati ya ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd na NGARAMBE Joseph maze AGABA K. Silver agatanga ingwate kuri iyo nguzanyo. Asobanura ko icyo ibyo bivuze ari uko mu gihe uwagurijwe adashoboye kwishyura umwenda, uwishyuza afite uburyo bubiri yakoresha, ko ubwa mbere ari ukurega umubereyemo umwenda wenyine kugira ngo yishyure, atabikora urubanza rumaze kuba ndakuka, akarega uwatanze ingwate kugirango igurishwe, ubwa kabiri akaba ari ukubarega bombi, muri icyo gihe urukiko rukaba ruba rutagishoboye gutandukanya uwahawe umwenda n’uwatanze ingwate. [10] Me GUMISIRIZA avuga ko igitangaje ari uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwatandukanyije abantu babiri bari mu masezerano amwe, ruvuga ko NGARAMBE yishyura umwenda wenyine, rumutandukanya na AGABA watanze ingwate, ariko ntirwavuga uko byagenda mu gihe NGARAMBE yaba atabashije kwishyura umwenda, ko rero

kugira ngo Banki yishyurwe ari uko bombi bafatanya bakishyura kuko bazi amasezerano bagiranye nayo. [11] Me GUMISIRIZA avuga kandi ko urukiko rwatesheje agaciro ingwate kandi rutabiregewe ndetse rurivuguruza ruvuga ko NGARAMBE yishyura umwenda wenyine kandi yarawuhawe hashingiye ku ngwate, ibyo bikaba bivuze ko urukiko rwatesheje agaciro amasezerano y’inguzanyo, ariko yongera kugarukwaho ruvuga ko yubahirizwa na NGARAMBE, ibyo bikaba bitashoboka kubera ko uwatanze ingwate yabikoze ashaka kumufasha, urukiko rero rukaba rutavanaho ibyo abantu biyemereye kandi ari itegeko hagati yabo. [12] Me SHEMA uburanira AGABA avuga ko, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 552 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano, ihame ari uko uwahawe umwenda ariwe wishyura, ingwate ikagurishwa ari uko yananiwe kwishyura. [13] Asobanura ko NGARAMBE yabwiye AGABA ko yifuza ko amusinyira ku masezerano yagiranye na Banki nk’umugabo kuko yari amwizeye, bajyana no ku Karere asinyira imbere ya Notaire, ko ariko kubera ko atari azi ururimi rw’igifaransa ayo masezerano yanditsemo, atashoboye kumenya ko asinye nk’umwishingizi, ko yabibwiwe n’uko batangiye kuzana iwe impapuro zo kwishyuza, asobanuza abazi gusoma urwo rurimi bamubwira ko yabaye umwishingizi muri ayo masezerano. [14] Avuga ko ikindi kigaragaza ko AGABA atari azi ko agiye kwishingira NGARAMBE ari uko atamusobanuriye neza nkuko ubundi bigenda kugirango abe umwishingizi wujuje ibyangombwa nkuko amategeko abiteganya, ngo anabisobanurire uwo bashakanye, ko n’ubwo

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bavuga ko yatanze ibyangombwa by’ikibanza cye, ibyo ari amagambo gusa kuko atigeze abitanga kugira ngo bibe ingwate, icyo kibanza kikaba kikiri mu maboko ye n’umugore we MUKAGASHAGAZA Claudine. [15] Me SHEMA avuga na none ko NGARAMBE na Banki batakoze inshingano zabo ziteganywa mu ngingo ya 558 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano zo kureba niba uwo bahisemo nk’umwishingizi afite ubushobozi koko cyangwa niba afite ibyo kwishyura mu gihe uwo yari yishingiye ananiwe kwishyura kubera ko AGABA atari afite ubushobozi bwo kwishingira ku mutungo yari afatanyije na MUKAGASHAGAZA kuko baba barasinye bombi. [16] Yanzura asaba ko ubwishingire bwaba bwarabaye ku nguzanyo ya NGARAMBE bwateshwa agaciro kuko ntaho bushingiye, urukiko rugategeka ko atakwishyura umwenda yafashe. [17] Me KAYIHURA uburanira ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd avuga ko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano cyagengaga amasezerano igihe yakorwaga, abayagiranye biyemeje inshingano, akaba rero yarabaye itegeko hagati yabo, ko kutayubahiriza byabaye kwica itegeko ubwabo bishyiriyeho kandi biteza Banki igihombo mu gihe yo yubahirije inshingano yayo yo gutanga inguzanyo. [18] Akomeza avuga ko AGABA adakwiye kuvuga ko atumvise neza icyo yasinyiye, ko ahubwo yashyize umukono ku masezerano y’inguzanyo yiyemerera ko ikibanza cye kiba ingwate y’umwenda, akaba

akwiye kwirengera ingaruka zabyo. [19] Me KABERA uburanira MUKAGASHAGAZA avuga ko ajya kugoboka mu rubanza yasabaga ko ubwishingire buseswa kubera ko ingwate umugabo we AGABA yahaye Banki ari umutungo w’umuryango, ko yayitanze batabyumvikanyeho kandi ko bitakozwe mu nyungu z’umuryango nk’uko amategeko abiteganya, ko kuba ubwo bwishingire bwarateshejwe agaciro bitabuza ko uwafashe umwenda awishyura wenyine. [20] Yongeraho ko ibyo NGARAMBE avuga ko urukiko rwatandukanyije abantu babiri bari mu masezerano amwe nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko rwatesheje agaciro ubwishingire kubera ko butari bwubahirije amategeko nk’uko rwabisobanuye neza ko AGABA yatanze ingwate ku mutungo w’umuryango kandi atabanje kubyumvikanaho n’uwo bashakanye mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo risesuye, akaba asanga rero urukiko rutari gutegeka ko AGABA afatanya na NGARAMBE kwishyura umwenda yemeye mu rukiko. Uko Urukiko rubibona: [21] Ku byerekeye kamere y’ubwishingire n’aho bugarukira, ingingo ya 552 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano, iteganya ko “uwishingiye undi aba yiyemeje imbere y’ugomba kwishyurwa kuzamwishyura mu gihe ugomba kwishyura ubwe azaba atabikoze“. Naho ingingo ya 560 yacyo ikavuga ko “uwishingiye undi ashinzwe kwishyura ugomba kwishyurwa gusa iyo ugomba kwishyurwa atashoboye kubikora, ubwishyu bugomba kubanza gushakwa mu bintu by’ugomba kwishyura, keretse rero uwamwishingiye yariyemereye kuzahita yishyura bitabaye ngombwa ko ubwishyu bubanza gushakwa mu bintu by’ugomba

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kwishyura, cyangwa se nanone akaba yariyemeje ubufatanye bw’umwenda n’ugomba kwishyura w’iremezo, icyo gihe inkurikizi z’ibyo yiyemeje zigenwa hakurikijwe amahame agenga imyenda ifatanyijwe“. [22] Nk’uko bigaragara mu masezerano y’inguzanyo yabaye tariki ya 12/09/2008 hagati ya ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd, NGARAMBE Joseph na AGABA K. Silver, Banki yahaye NGARAMBE inguzanyo y‘amafaranga 22.000.000 Frw, AGABA atanga ingwate ku kibanza kigenewe ubwubatsi kiri i Nonko/Nyarugunga/Akarere ka Kicukiro mu Mujyi wa Kigali, yemerera Banki ko azayiha n’ibyangombwa byacyo kugirango yandikishe iyo ngwate mu gihe cy’imyaka 15. [23] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko no ku masezerano y’inguzanyo bimaze kuvugwa, Urukiko rurasanga icyo NGARAMBE yiyemeje ari ukwishyura umwenda, mu gihe yabura ubwishyu, ingwate AGABA yahaye Banki ikagurishwa. Ntahagaragara mu masezerano ko AGABA yishingiye gufatanya na NGARAMBE kwishyura umwenda wa Banki cyangwa se ngo yiyemeze kuzahita yishyura bitabaye ngombwa ko ubwishyu buzabanza gushakwa mu bintu bya NGARAMBE. Kuba rero Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, rumaze gutesha agaciro ingwate kubera ko itubahirije amategeko nk’uko rwari rwabisabwe na MUKAGASHAGAZA wagobotse mu rubanza, rwaravuze ko NGARAMBE agomba kwishyura umwenda wenyine bifite ishingiro. [24] Urukiko kandi rurasanga Banki igomba kwirengera igihombo iterwa n’uko ingwate AGABA yayihaye yasheshwe, kubera ko

yagize uburangare bukomeye ntiyamusaba ibyangombwa ngo rumenye ko umutungo ugwatirijwe ari uwe wenyine cyangwa se rumusabe ko umugore we MUKAGASHAGAZA abyemera, maze iyo ngwate yandikwe nk’uko byari biteganyijwe mu masezerano. [25] Urukiko rurasanga kandi n’ubwo iyo ngwate yasheshwe kubera ko itubahirije amategeko, AGABA atabyitwaza ngo avuge ko yasinyiye ingwate atabizi, kuko, nk’muntu mukuru, yagombaga kubanza gusobanuza igikorwa agiye gukora, cyane cyane ko avuga ko atari azi ururimi rw‘igifaransa amasezerano yanditsemo. b. Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubushyingiranwe hagati ya AGABA na MUKAGASHAGAZA yaba inzitizi ku gutanga ingwate. [26] Me GUMISIRIZA uburanira NGARAMBE avuga ko urukiko rwirengagije icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCOMA 0017/10/CS (jurisprudence) barushyikirije, aho rwavuze, ku kibazo giteye nk’ikiri muri uru rubanza, ko umuntu wese ufite imyaka y’ubukure yujuje n’ibindi byangombwa biteganywa n’amategeko kugira ngo abe yakora amasezerano amuhuza n’abandi bantu, amasezerano y’ubushyingiranwe ye n’umugabo cyangwa umugore atamubera inzitizi, maze rwemeza ko abashyingiranywe ku buryo bw’ivangamutungo bafite ububasha bungana bwo gukurikirana umutungo no kuwuhagararira, ko ariko ibyo bitavuga ko umwe yakwitiranywa n’undi mu bikorwa byabo byerekeye amasezerano bagiranye n’abandi. [27] Avuga ko urukiko rwakomeje ruvuga ko uwashyize umukono ku masezerano aba yiyemeje kuyakurikiza ku giti cye, ko kuba umugore n’umugabo barasezeranye ivangamutungo, ntibibuza umugabo cyangwa umugore kugirana amasezerano n’abandi bantu, ko buri wese mu bashyingiranywe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo afite ububasha bwo kuba yakora ku giti cye igikorwa gishobora kugira ingaruka ku nyungu z’umuryango, akaba asanga rero amasezerano

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y’ubushyingirwe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo hagati ya MUKAGASHAGAZA na AGABA ataba inzitizi ku masezerano y’ubwishingire uyu yagiranye na Banki na NGARAMBE. [28] Me KAYIHURA uburanira ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd avuga ko mu rubanza RCOMA 0017/10/CS Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuze ko kuba abantu barasezeranye ivangamutungo bitabuza umwe kuba yakora masezerano, bityo uwayakoze akaba ari we areba gusa, akaba asanga kuba ingwate yatanzwe buri wese ayifiteho 50% ntacyabuza ko AGABA yagira uburenganzira kuri 50% y’icyo kibanza. [29] Me KABERA Johnson uburanira MUKAGASHAGAZA avuga ko „jurisprudence“ ivugwa idahuye n’ikibazo kiburanwa muri uru rubanza, ko bemeranywa nayo, ko umuntu afite uburenganzira bwo gukora amasezerano, ariko ntahungabanye imitungo afatanyije n’abandi kandi bitari mu nyungu z’umuryango. Avuga ko ahubwo urukiko rwashingiye kuri „jurisprudence“ yatanze iri mu rubanza RCOM 0001/07/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku kibazo kimwe n’ikiburanwa muri uru rubanza. [30] Akomeza avuga ko ibyo kuvuga ko hafatwa 50% ya AGABA ku kibanza bitashoboka kuko umutungo ukiri umwe kandi bataratandukana, ko kandi ibyo bikorwa n’urukiko. [31] Me SHEMA uburanira AGABA avuga ko ibyo kugabanya umutungo mo kabiri bitarakorwa mu kirego cy’ubutane, ko kandi bitakorwa muri uru rubanza. Avuga kandi ko AGABA atari umuhemu, ko iyo Banki imusobanurira ibyo agiye gukora aba yarabyubahirije. Uko Urukiko

rubibona [32] Mu rubanza RCOMA 0017/10/CS haburanaga RUMANYIKA Jean Marie Vianney n’umugore we RUSEKAMPUNZI RUMANYIKA Agathe baburana na RUZINDANA Egide umwenda wa 814.716 USD n’inyungu yashowe muri sosiyete OKAPI Hotel & Resorts, hasuzumwe ikibazo cyo kumenya niba kuba [33] RUSEKAMPUNZI yaba ataramenye amasezerano yabaye hagati ya RUMANYIKA na RUZINDANA byayatesha agaciro, urukiko rusanga Itegeko nº 22/11/2009 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 mu ngingo yaryo ya 17 riteganya ko « abashyingiranwe bumvikana k’ucunga umutungo bahuriyeho kandi bafite ububasha bungana bwo kuwukurikirana no kuwuhagararira » byumvikana ko buri wese afite uburenganzira bwo kuregera no gukurikirana umutungo w’urugo, ariko ntibivuga ko umwe yakwitiranywa n’undi mu bikorwa byabo byerekeye amasezerano bagiranye n’abandi, kuko uwayashyizeho umukono aba yiyemeje kuyubahiriza ku giti cye gusa, bikaba bitabazwa mugenzi we, kabone n’iyo yaba arebana n’inyungu z’umuryango. [34] Urukiko rwasanze kandi muri urwo rubanza icyaregewe atari umutungo w’umuryango wa RUMANYIKA na RUSEKAMPUNZI (ubutaka cyangwa se ibindi), ahubwo ni ukutubahiriza amasezerano RUMANYIKA yagiranye na RUZINDANA, maze ruvuga ko kuba RUSEKAMPUNZI yarashakanye na RUMANYIKA mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo bitabuza RUMANYIKA kugirana amasezerano n’abandi bantu, ko kandi RUSEKAMPUNZI atashoboraga gusinya ku masezerano yabaye hagati y’abantu bari bahuriye kuri Sosiyete OKAPI Hotels & Resorts igizwe na RUZINDANA, RUMANYIKA n’abana be babiri, we atarimo kuko yinjiyemo nyuma.

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[35] Urukiko rurasanga koko nk’uko byemejwe muri uru rubanza, kuba umugabo n’umugore barashyingiranywe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo, bitabuza buri umwe ku giti cye kugirana amasezerano n’abandi bantu akanayubahiriza, ariko kandi ni ngombwa ko abikora yubahirije andi mategeko cyane cyane Itegeko nº 22/11/2009 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura. [36] Nk’uko rero byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rwabanje, ingingo ya 21 y’iryo tegeko ivuga ko « uko imicungire y’umutungo n’uburyo bawucunga byaba biri kose, ubwumvikane bw’abashyingiranywe ni ngombwa mu gutanga umutungo bwite n’umutungo bahuriyeho no kubitangaho ubundi burenganzira bwose », byumvikana ko AGABA atashoboraga kugwatiriza muri ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd ikibanza ahuriyeho n’umugore we MUKAGASHAGAZA batabanje kubyumvikanaho, nayo ngo ibyemere gutyo. c. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd [37] Me KAYIHURA uburanira ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd avuga ko yaregeye umwenda n’inyungu zawo bingana na 27.502.568 Frw zibazwe kugeza mu kwezi kwa gatanu 2012, hakaba hashize imyaka igera kuri itatu yose Banki itarishyurwa amafaranga yayo ngo ibe yayabyaza umusaruro ahubwo akaba ayitera igihombo gikabije. Avuga ko kugeza tariki ya 22/04/2015 umwenda NGARAMBE ayibereyemo ungana na

41.418.146 Frw ubariwe ku nyungu ya 22 % ku mwaka (reba umugereka wa 2 w‘imyanzuro) ukomeza kubarwa kugeza igihe urukiko ruzafatira icyemezo, rukamutegeka kuwishyura. [38] Avuga kandi kugeza ubu irangizarubanza ryategetswe n’urukiko ritashobotse, kuko Banki yashakishije imitungo ya NGARAMBE irayibura, ikaba itazi n’aho aherereye. [39] Me GUMISIRIZA uburanira NGARAMBE avuga ko abona mu kubara umwenda, inyungu zarazamutse ziva kuri 18 % zigera kuri 22 %, iryo zamuka ry’inyungu rikaba ridakwiye guhabwa agaciro, maze hakishyurwa hashingiwe ku nyungu zumvikanyweho mu masezerano. [40] Me KABERA uburanira MUKAGASHAGAZA avuga ko uwo mwenda ugomba kwishyurwa na NGARAMBE wenyine, ko kandi ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd yemerewe mu rubanza kururangiza by’agateganyo ntiyabikora, ikaba rero idakwiye guhabwa inyungu. [41] Me SHEMA uburanira AGABA avuga ko ibijyanye n’ingano y’umwenda byashingira ku masezerano yabaye hagati ya Banki na NGARAMBE, akaba aribo bakwiye kubimenya. Uko Urukiko rubibona [42] Mu masezerano y’umwenda yavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko inyungu zaciwe NGARAMBE ziri ku kigero cya 18 %, iza 22 % ibariraho ikaba itagaragaza aho izishingira, bityo NGARAMBE akaba akwiye kwishyura 34.929.261 Frw y’umwenda n’inyungu zibariwe kuri 18% nk’uko ibigaragaza ku mugereka w’imyanzuro yayo kuva yafata inguzanyo kugeza tariki ya 22/04/2015.

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d. Amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd [43] Me KAYIHURA uburanira ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd avuga ko aho kwishyurwa umwenda wayo, ahubwo ikomeje gushorwa mu manza zidafite ishingiro, NGARAMBE na AGABA bakaba bakwiye kuyiha andi mafaranga 2.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza na 10% y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego, yiyongera kuyo yagenewe n’urukiko rwabanje. [44] Me GUMISIRIZA uburanira NGARAMBE avuga ko ayo mafaranga asabwa na Banki ntayo agomba kuyishyura kuko NGARAMBE atigeze ayinaniza mu kurangiza urubanza by’agateganyo, ahubwo yananijwe n’urukiko rwavanyeho ingwate yatanzwe na AGABA. [45] Me SHEMA Gérard uburanira AGABA avuga ko Banki yanyuzwe n’urubanza ntiyajurira, ko NGARAMBE wajuriye ariwe waryozwa indishyi isaba, naho ku by’igihembo cya Avoka hagakurikizwa amategeko. Uko Urukiko rubibona [46] Ingingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano iteganya ko “igikorwa cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse”. [47] Urukiko rurasanga kuba NGARAMBE yarajuriye ari uburenganzira ahabwa n’itegeko mu gihe yumva atishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, akaba atagomba kubitangira indishyi. [48] Urukiko rurasanga ariko, byarabaye ngombwa ko ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd ishaka Avoka uyiburanira mu bujurire, NGARAMBE akaba agomba kuyishyura igihembo cye kuko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro

bufite, ikaba igenewe mu bushishozi bwarwo 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuko ayo isaba ari ikirenga kandi itagaragaza ko ariko yayakoresheje. e. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa MUKAGASHAGAZA [49] Me KABERA uburanira MUKAGASHAGAZA avuga ko AGABA na NGARAMBE bakwiye kumwishyura igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 2.000.000 Frw kubera kumushora mu manza. [50] Me GUMISIRIZA uburanira NGARAMBE avuga ko MUKAGASHAGAZA adakwiye kwaka indishyi mu rubanza umugabo we aburanamo ingwate bafatanyije, kandi ariho zigomba kuva. Uko Urukiko rubibona: [51] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi MUKAGASHAGAZA asaba atazihabwa kuko abo azirega atari bo bamushoye mu rubanza, kuko yarugobotsemo ku bushake.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY‘URUKIKO [52] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa NGARAMBE Joseph nta shingiro bufite; [53] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [54] Rutegetse NGARAMBE Joseph kwishyura ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd 34.929.261 Frw y’umwenda n’inyungu zawo; [55] Rutegetse NGARAMBE Joseph kwishyura ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yiyongera kuri 300.000 Frw yagenwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, yose hamwe akaba 800.000 Frw; [56] Rutegetse NGARAMBE Joseph kwishyura amafaranga 100.000 Frw y’amagarama y’urubanza.