HABAMENSHI v RUBAYIZA

# HABAMENSHI v RUBAYIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-04-13 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00013/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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HABAMENSHI v. RUBAYIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00013/2022/CA, (Ngagi, P.J.) 13 Mata 2022] Itegeko rigenga ububasha bw’Inkiko – ububasha bw’urukiko rw’Ubujurire – ububasha ku bujurire bwa kabiri – Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwakira Ubujurire bwa kabiri iyo mu rubanza rujurirwa hashingiwe ku Itegeko ritariho – Gushingira ku Itegeko ritariho bisuzumwa hashingiwe ku gihe Urubanza rwacibwaga ntabwo hashingirwa ku gihe amasezerano yakorewe. Incamake y’ikibazo : Uru rubanza rwatangiye Habamenshi arega Rubayiza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arusaba ko rwamutegeka kumukorera ihererekanyamutungo (mutation) ku mutungo baguze kuko yamushatse akamubura kandi yaramwishyuye ikiguzi cyose. Rubayiza yireguye avuga ko atigeze abura, ko yanditse ku ihamagara bamushyikirije ko abamushaka baza akabakorera ihererekanyamutungo, ariko ko yababuze. Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Habamenshi nta shingiro gifite, ko ibyo avuga ko Rubayiza yabuze, ngo amukorere ihererekanyamutungo nta bimenyetso abitangira. Habamenshi yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko atandikwaho umutungo yaguze ngo kuko atishyuye 6% y'umusogongero wa Leta, rwirengagije ko bitashokaga mu gihe cyose umutungo ucyanditse kuri Rubayiza. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Habamenshi nta shingiro bufite, ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Rubayiza bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Habamenshi ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza arujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Uhagarariye Rubayiza yazamuye inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kuko Habamenshi yatsinzwe kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe, Habamenshi avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku Itegeko ritariho akaba ariyo mpamvu yatanze ikirego cy’ubujurire bwa kabiri, avuga ko Urukiko rukuru mu gufata icyemezo rwashingiye ku mategeko atabaho, kuko nta tegeko riteganya ko umuntu utaba mu Rwanda atakwandikwaho umutungo we, ko kandi Urukiko Rukuru rutari gushingira ku Iteka rya Minisitiri ryo mwaka wa 2008 ritariho igihe ubwo butaka bwa gurwaga mu mwaka wa 2004. Rubayiza n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibyo Habamenshi avuga ko Urukiko rwashingiye ku Itegeko ritabaho ngo kuko nta tegeko riteganya ko umuntu utaba mu Rwanda atakwandikwaho umutungo we, nta gaciro byahabwa kuko atagaragaza aho yabisomye mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko. Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye Habamenshi yuririraho ashaka kumvikanisha ko ubujurire bwabo bugomba kwakirwa kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho ubwo amasezerano y’ubugure yabagaho nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atari byo itegeko riteganya, ahubwo riteganya gushingira ku itegeko ritariho mu icibwa ry’urubanza. Naho ku kubazo cyo kumenya niba Habamenshi yaratsinzwe kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe, Rubayiza n’umwunganira, bavuga ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Habamenshi kitagomba kwakirwa kuko kitari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubera ko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Uhagarariye Habamenshi avuga ko atatsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe.

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Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko ikibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe n’inkiko zombi zabanje ari icyo kumenya niba ihererekanyamutungo hagati ya Habamenshi na Rubayiza ritabaye byaba byaratewe na Rubayiza ku buryo yabitegekwa n’inkiko, inkiko zombi zahurije ku kuba Habamenshi atarigeze asaba ihererekanyamutungo nk’uko Iteka rya Minisitiri ryariho icyo gihe ryabiteganyaga, ko kandi atigeze ashaka Rubayiza ngo amubure cyangwa abimwangire ku buryo byaba ngombwa ko yiyambaza inkiko, bityo rwemeza yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe. Incamake y’Icyemezo :1. Gushingira ku Itegeko ritariho bisuzumwa hashingiwe ku gihe Urubanza rwacibwaga ntabwo hashingirwa ku gihe amasezerano yakorewe. Bityo, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoresheje Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa rugamije kwibutsa ko nyuma y’aho iryo Teka ritangarijwe, ari ryo ryagombaga kubahirizwa hakorwa ihererekanya ry’umutungo nubwo amasezerano y’ubugure yaba yarabaye mbere y’itangazwa ryaryo, ntbyafatwa ko rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho. 2. Kwemeza ko inkiko zashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe si uko zaba zarakoresheje amagambo amwe ijambo ku rindi, ahubwo ni imitekerereze y’izo nkiko nubwo haba hari amagambo yaba yarakoreshejwe n’urukiko rumwe, urundi ntiruyagarugeho. Impamvu zimwe zigomba kumvikana nk’ibisobanuro buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo rugendeye ku byabaye no ku byo amategeko ateganya, izo mpamvu nizo zishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo. Inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ifite ishingiro. Ubujurire bwa Habamenshi nti buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko Ingingo ya 52 Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi Iteka rya Minisitiri No 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, ingingo ya 8 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza Rcomaa0038/16/Cs-Rcomaa 0033/2016/Cs Rwa Bank of Kigali Ltd V. Mulisa Kana Martin Rwaciwe N’urukiko Rw’ikirenga Ku Wa 21/04/2017, Igika Cya 21. Urubanza Rubanziriza Urundi Mu Rubanza Rcomaa00010/2018/Ca Rwa Koperative Dukundumurimo (Koadu) V. King Construction and Service Company (Kicoseca) Rwaciwe N’urukiko Rw’ubujurire Ku Wa 15/03/2019, Urubanza.

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 31/05/2004, Habamenshi Patrick yaguze na Rubayiza Alexis inzu iri mu kibanza nº 5727 iherereye mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama, Umurenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigari. Habamenshi Patrick avuga ko nyuma yo kwishyura ikiguzi cy’iyo nzu, yashatse Rubayiza Alexis ngo amukorere ihererekanyamutungo (mutation) akamubura, bituma amurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arusaba kwandukuza kuri Rubayiza Alexis inzu iri mu kibanza cyavuzwe haruguru, ikamwandikwaho. [2] Rubayiza Alexis yireguye avuga ko atigeze abura, ko yanditse ku ihamagara bamushyikirije ko abamushaka baza akabakorera ihererekanyamutungo, ariko ko yababuze, ko atari we wabuze, ahubwo na we yibaza aho uwo ushaka ko amukorera ihererekanyamutungo yaba aherereye. Ko kandi atigeze yibaruzaho uwo mutungo kuko yawugurishije mu mwaka wa 2004, ibarura ry’ubutaka rigakorwa atakiwutunze, ahubwo utunzwe na Habamenshi Patrick. [3] Mu rubanza RC00546/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 14/11/2019, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Habamenshi Patrick nta shingiro gifite, ko ibyo avuga ko Rubayiza Alexis yabuze, ngo amukorere ihererekanyamutungo nta bimenyetso abitangira, ko kandi ibisabwa na Habamenshi Patrick ko Urukiko rutegeka ko inzu iri mu kibanza cyavuzwe haruguru yandukurwa kuri Rubayiza Alexis, ikandikwa kuri Habamenshi Patrick nta shingiro bifite kuko atagaragaza ibimenyetso byuko Rubayiza Alexis yanze kumukorera ihererekanyamutungo. Rutegeka Habamenshi Patrick guha Rubayiza Alexis 500.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro n’iz’ikurikiranarubanza, kubera kumushora mu manza mu buryo bw’amaherere, ko kandi amafaranga yatanze arega ahwaye n’amagarama y’urubanza. [4] Habamenshi Patrick yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko atandikwaho umutungo yaguze ngo kuko atishyuye 6% y'umusogongero wa Leta, rwirengagije ko bitashokaga mu gihe cyose umutungo ucyanditse kuri Rubayiza Alexis, asaba n’indishyi zitadukanye. [5] Ku wa 18/05/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RCA00494/2019/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Habamenshi Patrick nta shingiro bufite, ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Rubayiza Alexis bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza kandi ko urubanza RC00546/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 14/11/2019 rudahindutse. Rutegeka Habamenshi Patrick guha Rubayiza Alexis 100.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire. Runategeka ko amafaranga Habamenshi Patrick yatanze arega ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [6] Habamenshi Patrick ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza arujuririra muri uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCAA00013/2022/CA. [7] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 06/04/2022, Habamenshi Patrick ahagarariwe na Me Habyarimana Christine, naho Rubayiza Alexis yunganiwe na Me Munyamasoko Jovith haburanishwa ku nzitizi z’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, zishingiye ku kuba Habamenshi Patrick yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe no kuba agaciro k’ikiburanwa katagejeje nibura kuri 75.000.000Frw kubera ko kamere yacyo idashobora kubarwa mu mafaranga.

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Hanaburanishwa ku byo uburanira Habamenshi Patrick avuga ko ubujurire bwe bukwiye kwakirwa kubera ko buri bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarashingiye ku Itegeko ritariho. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarashingiye ku itegeko ritariho ku buryo ikirego cya HABAMENSHI Patrick cya kwakirwa kuko kiri mu bubashwa bw’uru Rukiko [8] Uhagarariye Habamenshi Patrick ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 3 y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko: "Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: (…3°) zashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho cyangwa zaciwe n’urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha", avuga ko Urukiko mu gufata icyemezo mu rubanza RCA00494/2019/HC/KIG rwashingiye ku mategeko atabaho, kuko nta tegeko riteganya ko umuntu utaba mu Rwanda atakwandikwaho umutungo we, ko kandi Urukiko Rukuru rutari gushingira ku Iteka rya Minisitiri ryo mwaka wa 2008 ritariho igihe ubwo butaka bwa gurwaga mu mwaka wa 2004, ko kandi ridahuje na kamere y'ikiburanwa. [9] Rubayiza Alexis n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibyo Habamenshi Patrick avuga ko Urukiko rwashingiye ku Itegeko ritabaho ngo kuko nta tegeko riteganya ko umuntu utaba mu Rwanda atakwandikwaho umutungo we, nta gaciro byahabwa kuko atagaragaza aho yabisomye mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko, ko ahubwo yitirira akanatwerera ubutabera ibyo Urukiko rutigeze ruvuga. Ko kandi nta kindi Urukiko rwari gushingiraho kitari amategeko yo kwandikisha no guhererekanya umutungo no gusuzuma ko yubahirijwe, ko ibyo Habamenshi Patrick avuga ari ugushaka uburyo ikirego cyakwakirwa. Basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzemeza ko nta mategeko atabaho Urukiko rwashingiyeho mu gukemura ikibazo rwashyikirijwe, cyane ko Habamenshi Patrick atabigaragariza ikimenyetso. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [10] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 3, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ibikurikira: "Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: (…3°) zashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho cyangwa zaciwe n’urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha". [11] Mu gusesengura amagambo «itegeko ritariho cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho», Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA0096/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 18/05/2018 haburana Mukarusanga Olive n’Ubushinjacyaha, mu gika cya 14, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze agomba kumvikana mu buryo bw’itegeko ritagikoreshwa (loi abrogée/repealed law), cyangwa itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa (loi non encore en vigueur, a law not yet in force) cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho (loi qui n’a jamais existé, a law that has never existed).

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[12] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye Habamenshi Patrick yuririraho ashaka kumvikanisha ko ubujurire bwabo bugomba kwakirwa kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho ubwo amasezerano y’ubugure yabagaho nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atari byo itegeko riteganya, ahubwo riteganya gushingira ku itegeko ritariho mu icibwa ry’urubanza. Urukiko rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoresheje ingingo ya 24 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa rugamije kwibutsa ko nyuma y’aho iryo Teka ritangarijwe, ari ryo ryagombaga kubahirizwa hakorwa ihererekanya ry’umutungo nubwo amasezerano y’ubugure yaba yarabaye mbere y’itangazwa ryaryo. Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaribukije ingingo yagombaga gushingirwaho mu gukora ihererekanyamutungo, bitafatwa ko rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho. Bityo ibyo uhagarirariye Habamenshi Patrick avuga ko ikirego cy’uwo ahagarariye kigomba kwakirwa kuko kiri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarashingiye ku itegeko ritariho nta shingiro bifite. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa HABAMENSHI Patrick butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubera ko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe [13] Rubayiza Alexis n’umwunganira bashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, bavuga ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Habamenshi Patrick kitagomba kwakirwa kuko kitari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubera ko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [14] Basobanura ko mu gika cya 10 n’icya 15 cy’urubanza RC00546/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 14/11/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko Habamenshi Patrick akurikiza ibisabwa mu kwandikisha ubutaka kuko kubwandikisha ari itegeko, ko kandi Rubayiza Alexis atigeze asabwa gukorera Habamenshi Patrick ihererekanya mutungo hanyuma ngo amubure. Bakomeza bavuga ko mu gika cya 8 kugeza ku cya 11 cy’urubanza RCA000494/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 18/05/2021, Urukiko Rukuru narwo rwashimangiye ibyemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeza ko Habamenshi Patrick atigeze yubahiriza ibiteganywa mu Iteka rya Minisitiri No 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, ko kandi Rubayiza Alexis atigeze asabwa kuboneka mu gikorwa cyo gukora iherekanyamutungo ngo abure. [15] Me Habyarimana Christine avuga ko Habamenshi Patrick atatsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko mu gika cya 15, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 6 y’amasezerano yabaye hagati ya Habamenshi Patrick na Rubayiza Alexis yateganyaga ko Habamenshi Patrick ari we uzishyura 6%, maze rwemeza ko Habamenshi Patrick atayishyuye ko kandi atigeze yandikisha ubutaka rushingiye ku Iteka rya Minisitiri ryavuzwe haruguru. Avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru mu gika cya 8 rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 8 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri ryerekeye kwandikisha ubutaka rwemeza ko kwandikisha ubutaka ari itegeko, naho mu gika cya 9 rwemeza ko Habamenshi Patrick atigeze agaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko Rubayiza Alexis yabuze. Abajijwe aho ibyashingiweho n’inkiko zombi bitandukaniye avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwavuze ko Habamenshi Patrick atishyuye 6% yari ateganyijwe mu masezerano ko ibyo bitigeze bishingirwaho n’Urukiko Rukuru ko kandi n’ingingo z’Iteka rya Minisitiri zijyanye no kwandikisha ubutaka inkiko zombi zashingiyeho zitandukanye.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ibikurikira: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”. [17] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ari zimwe, kigomba gusuzumwa hasesengurwa imikirize y’urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, ingingo z‘ingenzi zasuzumwe, impamvu buri rukiko rwashingiyeho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo, byaramuka bigaragaye ko ari zimwe, ubujurire ntibube buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [18] Ku bijyanye n’ibisobanuro by‘impamvu zimwe, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’uru Rukiko zemeza ko impamvu zimwe zivugwa muri iyi ngingo zigomba kumvikana nk’ibisobanuro buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo rugendeye ku byabaye no ku byo amategeko ateganya, ko impamvu ari zo zishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo, akaba ari nazo ziherwaho ababuranyi basuzuma niba imiburanire yabo yarasesenguwe n’Urukiko, bitewe n’uko buri cyemezo cy’Urukiko kigomba kuba cyasobanuriwe impamvu1. [19] Na none mu rubanza RCOMAA0048/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/05/2017, haburana RRA na SODAR Ltd, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarashubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RC00546/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 14/11/2019 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Habamenshi Patrick yareze asaba kwandukuza inzu iri mu kibanza nº 5727, iherereye mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama, Umurenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo, mu Mujyi wa Kigali, kuri Rubayiza Alexis, ikamwandikwaho. Nubwo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwagabanyije ikirego mwo ibibazo bibiri, icyo kumenya niba Rubayiza Alexis yaranze gukorera Habamenshi Patrick ihererekanyamutungo ni cyo kumenya niba Urukiko rwategeka ko iryo hererekanyamutungo ryakorwa, ikibazo nyamukuru n’icyo kumenya niba Rubayiza Alexis yaranze ko ihererekanyamutungo hagati ye na Habamenshi Patrick ryakorwa cyangwa se niba hari uruhare rwe mu kuba ihererekanyamutungo ritarakozwe. [21] Mu rubanza RCA00494/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 18/05/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ikibazo nyamukuru cyo kumenya niba hari impamvu ituma Habamenshi Patrick atandikwaho umutungo yaguze. Mu yandi magambo niba hari impamvu yaba ituruka kuri Rubayiza 1 Urubanza RCOMAA0038/16/CS-RCOMAA 0033/2016/CS hagati ya Bank of Kigali Ltd na MULISA KANA Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, igika cya 21. Reba kandi igika cya 12 cy’urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza RCOMAA00010/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2019, haburana KOPERATIVE DUKUNDUMURIMO (KOADU) na KING CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE COMPANY (KICOSECA).

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Alexis ituma Habamenshi Patrick atandikwaho umutungo. Ikindi kibazo n’icy’indishyi nk’ingaruka y’ikibazo cya mbere. [22] Ku kibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, urwo Rukiko rwagisubije mu gika cya 10 rukigarukaho mu gika cya 15, aho rwemeje ko Habamenshi Patrick atujuje ibisabwa ngo atange umusogongero wa Leta, ko naho hagiriyeho itegeko ryo kwandikisha ubutaka Habamenshi Patrick atigeze abwandikisha hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 8 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri No 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, ko kandi Habamenshi Patrick atigeze yandikisha ubutaka bwubatseho inzu yaguze ngo byange biturutse kuri Rubayiza Alexis. [23] Urukiko Rukuru narwo mu gusubiza ikibazo nyamukuru cyavuzwe haruguru rwabanje kwibutsa ingingo z’Iteka rya Minisitiri ryibukijwe haruguru maze narwo mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza, nyuma yo kwibutsa ko kwandikisha ubutaka ryari itegeko, kandi Habamenshi Patrick akaba atarabikoze, rwemeza ko nta kimenyetso na kimwe Habamenshi Patrick agaragaza cy’uko yashatse Rubayiza Alexis ngo bakore ihererekanyamutungo ngo abe yaramubuze cyangwa se ngo abe yarabyanze. Rwemeza ko Habamenshi Patrick yareze Rubayiza Alexis nta mpamvu kuko nta cyamubujije gusaba ubuyobozi bubishinzwe ko ubutaka bumwandikwaho, maze rwemeza ko nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cya Habamenshi Patrick nta shingiro gifite. [24] Urukiko rurasanga ku kibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe n’inkiko zombi zabanje cyo kumenya niba kuba ihererekanyamutungo hagati ya Habamenshi Patrick na Rubayiza Alexis ritarabaye byaba byaratewe na Rubayiza Alexis ku buryo yabitegekwa n’inkiko, inkiko zombi zarahurije ku kuba Habamenshi Patrick atarigeze asaba ihererekanyamutungo nk’uko Iteka rya Minisitiri ryariho icyo gihe ryabiteganyaga, ko kandi atigeze ashaka Rubayiza Alexis ngo amubure cyangwa abimwangire ku buryo byaba ngombwa ko yiyambaza inkiko. [25] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Me Habyarimana Christine ashingiraho avuga ko Habamenshi Patrick atatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe ari uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwavuze ko Habamenshi Patrick atishyuye 6% yari ateganyijwe mu masezerano, ko ibyo bitigeze bishingirwaho n’Urukiko Rukuru, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko icy’ingenzi cyahurijweho n’inkiko zombi ari uko Habamenshi Patrick atigeze asaba gukorerwa ihererekanyamutungo nk’uko byateganywaga n’amategeko ngo abe atarabigezeho biturutse kuri Rubayiza Alexis. Urukiko ruributsa ko kwemeza ko inkiko zashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe atari uko zaba zarakoresheje amagambo amwe ijambo ku rindi, ahubwo ari imitekerereze y’izo nkiko nubwo haba hari amagambo yaba yarakoreshejwe n’urukiko rumwe, urundi ntiruyagarugeho. [26] Ku byerekeye ibyo Me Habyarimana Christine avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwakoresheje ingingo eshatu (iya 8,11 na 12) z’Iteka rya Minisitiri ryavuzwe haruguru, naho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rugakoresha ingingo imwe (iya 8), Urukiko rurasanga nabyo bitashingirwaho hemezwa ko Habamenshi Patrick atatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko igitekerezo nyamukuru ari uko iryo Teka ryategekaga buri wese kwandikisha ubutaka bwe, bivuze ko Habamenshi Patrick nawe yagombaga kubikora, ariko nk’uko byagaragajwe ntabwo yigeze abikora. Kuba rero Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoresheje ingingo zisobanura uburyo kwandikisha

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ubutaka bikorwa, ntabwo byafatwa nk’impamvu yashingirwaho hemezwa ko Habamenshi Patrick atatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [27] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga Habamenshi Patrick yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Urukiko rurasanga atari ngombwa gusuzuma inzitizi ijyanye n’iby’agaciro kuko ikumirwa n’imaze gusuzumwa haruguru, kandi yahawe ishingiro. Kumenya niba RUBAYIZA Alexis yagenerwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asaba. [28] Rubayiza Alexis asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Habamenshi Patrick kumwishyura 2.000.000Frw akubiyemo ibigenda ku rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, kubera ko imyifatire ya Habamenshi Patrick ari yo yamuzanye mu manza, bigatuma ata akazi ke akajya yirirwa mu Nkiko agashyiraho n’umwunganizi mu mategeko wo kumuburanira urubanza. [29] Me Habyarimana Christine avuga ko amafaranga Rubayiza Alexis asaba ntayo akwiye guhabwa, kuko kuba Habamenshi Patrick asaba kugira uburenganzira ku mutungo yaguze nta kosa ririmo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [30] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [31] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Rubayiza Alexis asaba akwiye kuyahabwa, kuko byabaye ngombwa ko ashaka Avoka wo kumuburanira, ariko ayo asaba ni menshi harebwe ko urubanza rugarukiye ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo, rutegetse Habamenshi Patrick kwishyura Rubayiza Alexis 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, yose hamwe akaba 700.000Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [32] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na Rubayiza Alexis ifite ishingiro. [33] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habamenshi Patrick butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire

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[34] Rutegetse Habamenshi Patrick kwishyura Rubayiza Alexis 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego, yiyongera kuyo yagenewe n’inkiko zabanje. [35] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.