HABAMENSHI v COOPERATIVE DE TRANSPORT AU MOYEN DE MOTO DE KARONGI

# HABAMENSHI v COOPERATIVE DE TRANSPORT AU MOYEN DE MOTO DE KARONGI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-01-01 - Case/document no.: RCA 00019/2023/HC/RSZ - Collection: High Court

## Text

## Page 1

HABAMENSHI v COOPERATIVE DE TRANSPORT AU MOYEN DE MOTO DE KARONGI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00019/2023/HC/RSZ (Bandora, P.J.) 16 Ugushyingo 2023] Amategeko y’imiburanishirize y’imanza - Ibirego bisaba gusubizwa amafaranga yishyuwe ku ndishyi z’impanuka zikomoka ku makosa yakozwe n’uwishingiwe - Mu gihe koperative yishingiwe ku binyabiziga by’abanyamuryango bayo, kimwe muri ibyo binyabiziga kigakora impanuka biturutse ku makosa y’ugitwaye, indishyi zishobora kwishyurwa n’umwishingizi nawe akazishyuza koperative, nayo ikishyuza umunyamuryango wayo wakoze amakosa mu rukiko rw’ubucuruzi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Cooperative de Transport au Moyen de Moto de Karongi (COTRAMOKA) yafatiye ubwishingizi bw’ibinyabiziga bya moto abanyamuryango bayo muri Radiant Insurance Company Ltd. Uwitwa Ndayisihimiye, utari ufite uruhushya rwo gutwara moto yaje gufata moto y’umunyamuryango witwa Habamenshi arayitwara igonga uwitwa Ngirabakunzi. Uyu yaje kwegera umwishingizi bumvikana indishyi zingana na 1,095,540Frw ndetse aranazihabwa. Radiant yaje gusaba uwishingiwe COTRAMOKA gusubiza izo ndishyi kuko impanuka yakozwe biturutse ku makosa y’uwari utwaye ikinyabiziga. Nyuma y’uko COTRAMOKA isubije Radiant izo ndishyi, nayo yareze Habamenshi mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi isaba gusubizwa indishyi yamurihiye ariko aza gutanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha ku rukiko rwaregewe avuga ko urukiko rwisumbuye rudafite ububasha kuko ikiburanwa gifite agaciro gato. Urukiko rwasanze ibyo nta gaciro bifite maze rumutegeka gusubiza indishyi yarihiwe. Habamenshi ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize maze ajurira mu Rukiko rukuru narwo rwakira ubwo bujurire rusuzuma ibibazo harimo icyo kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza. Habamenshi yasobanuye ko ashingiye ku gaciro n’ubwoko bw’ikiburanwa Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rutari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza cyane ko yasangaga kuri uru rwego bitakiri ku rwego rw’ubwishingizi, kuko hagati ya KOPERATIVE na Habamenshi nta sano y’ubwishingizi ihari, agasanga uru rubanza rwakagombye ku buranishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. COTRAMOKA ivuga ko ikirego gishingiye ku ndishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’ibinyabiziga, ko kandi indishyi ziregerwa nta handi zikomoka uretse ku mpanuka, bityo ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi arirwo rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha iki kirego. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gihe koperative yishingiwe ku binyabiziga by’abanyamuryango bayo, kimwe muri ibyo binyabiziga kigakora impanuka biturutse ku makosa y’ugitwaye, indishyi zishobora kwishyurwa n’umwishingizi nawe akazishyuza koperative, nayo ikishyuza umunyamuryango wayo wakoze amakosa mu rukiko rw’ubucuruzi bityo ibyo COTRAMOKA ivuga bikaba nta shingiro bifite kuko COTRAMOKA ari umucuruzi kuko icyo igamije n’inyungu z’abanyamuryanga bayo, uregwa nawe akaba abarizwa muri iyo cooperative, byumvikanisha rero ko impaka ziri hagati y’impande zombi ari impaka zishingiye kubucuruzi.

## Page 2

Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi nta bubasha rwari rufite bwo kuburanisha urubanza RC 00039/2022/TGI/KNG. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 27 Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 158. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Habamenshi Pierre yari asanzwe ari umunyamuryango wa cooperative COTRAMOKA yari yaraguze Moto TVS RC 983 T isanzwe ifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yari isanzwe yanditse kuri COTRAMOKA. Ku wa 30/11/2021 Ndayishimiye Jean Claude atwaye iriya Moto kandi adafite uruhushya rwo gutwara ikinyabiziga cyo muri ubwo bwoko, yaje gukora impanuka agonga Ngirabakunzi Corneille, uyu wa nyuma yaje gusaba Radiant Insurance Company Ltd indishyi mu bwumvikane, maze imwishyura 1,095,540Frw. [2] Radiant Insurance Company Ltd imaze kwishyura izo ndishyi yahise isaba COTRAMOKA kuyisubiza ariya mafaranga, maze COTRAMOKA irayishyura. [3] COTRAMOKA imaze kwishyura nayo yahise isaba nyiri Moto ariwe Habamenshi Pierre kuyisubiza amafaranga yamwishyuriye ariko uriya wa nyuma arabyanga ariyo mpamvu COTRAMOKA yahisemo kumurega mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi isaba ko rwamwishyuriza ariya mafaranga. [4] Habamenshi Pierre yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi avuga ko Koperative idakwiye kumurega muri urwo rukiko kubera agaciro k’ikiburanwa ndetse n’ubwoko bw’ikiri kuburanwa,cyane ko yasangaga kuri uru rwego bitakiri ku rwego rw’ubwishingizi, kuko hagati ya Koperative na Habamenshi nta sano y’ubwishingizi ihari. [5] COTRAMOKA ikavuga ko ikirego gishingiye ku ndishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’ibinyabiziga, ko kandi indishyi ziregerwa nta handi zikomoka uretse ku mpanuka, bityo ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi arirwo rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha iki kirego. Nyuma urukiko rwaje kwemeza ububasha bwarwo ruburanisha mu mizi. [6] Mu rubanza RC 00039/2022/TGI/KNG rwaciwe kuwa 07/03/2023 n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwafashe umwanzuro ukurikira: "Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Cooperative de Transport au Moyen de Moto de Karongigifite ishingiro. Rutegetse Habamenshi Pierre kwishyura Cooperative de Transport au Moyen de Moto de Karongiamafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi mirongo cyenda na bitanu na magana atanu na mirongo ine (1,095,540Frw) yishyuye nk’indishyi z’impanuka yakozwe na Moto TVS RC 983 T; no

## Page 3

kwishyura amafaranga ibihumbi Magana abiri na cumi na bitatu na Magana atandatu na mirongo itatu (213,630frw) y’inyungu. Rutegetse Habamenshi Pierre kwishyura Cooperative de Transport au Moyen de Moto de Karongiamafaranga ibihumbi ijana (100,000frw) y’ikurikirana rubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi Magana atanu (500,000frw) y’igihembo cya avoka. Rutegetse Habamenshi Pierre gusubiza Cooperative de Transport au Moyen de Moto de Karongiamafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20,000frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama irega." [7] Habamenshi Pierre yajuririye uru rukiko anagobokesha Ndayishimiye Jean Claude ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCA 00019/2023/HC/RWG, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 17/10/2023, Habamenshi Pierre yunganiwe na Me Niyonsaba Elie, Cooperative de Transport au Moyen de Moto de Karongiiburanirwa na Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent mu gihe Ndayishimiye Jean Claude yiburaniraga. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ya Habamenshi Pierre yagaruye inzitizi yari yatanze mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi avuga ko ruriya rukiko nta bubasha rwari rufite bwo kuburanisha ruriya rubanza kuko atariwe wagombaga kuregwa ziriya ndishyi cyane ko hari uwakoresheje impanuka ariwe Ndayishimiye Jean Claude wamwibye Moto kandi nta byangombwa afite bituma aza gukora impanuka. Mu gihe uregwa ndetse n’uwagobokeshejwe basanga ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bwahabwa, bityo ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwari rufite ububasha ndetse n’indishyi rwatanze zifite ishingiro. [9] Urukiko, rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, rusanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: a. Niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi nta bubasha rwari rufite b. Mu gihe rwaba rwari rufite ububasha kureba uwagombaga kuriha ziriya ndishyi. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kubijyanye no kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi nta bubasha rwari rufite bwo kuburanisha urubanza rwajuririwe. [10] Habamenshi Pierre ndetse n’umwunganira bari batanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi bashingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa ndetse n’ubwoko bw’ikiri kuburanwa,bityo agasanga ataragombaga kuregwa muri urwo rukiko. [11] Ageze mubujurire yakomeje iyo nzitizi asobanura ko atariwe wagombwaga kuregwa kuko uwakoze impanuka ahari kandi akaba yaramugobokesheje. [12] Uhagararaiye Coopertive de Transport au Moyen de Moto de Karongi ndetse nuyiburanira basobanuye ko iriya nzitizi nta shingiro ifite cyane ko Moto yakoze impanuka yari yaragurishijwe na Habamenshi Pierre ntiyakora ihererekanyamutungo/Mutation bityo kuba ariwe nyiri Moto ni nawe ugomba kuregwa no kwishyuzwa amafaranga yatangiwe ku mpanuka yatewe na Ndayishimiye Jean Claude yahaye Moto kandi nta byangombwa byo gutwara afite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

## Page 4

[13] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye kumenya niba ikibazo kirimo gusuzumwa cyangwa cyasuzumwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ari ikibazo kijyanye n’indishyi zijyanye n’ubwishingizi bw’impanuka zo mu muhanda, cyangwa niba ari ikibazo cyahariwe ibibazo by’ubucuruzi. [14] Ingingo ya 27,4° y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko Inkiko z’Ibanze ziburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere ibirego byose byo mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi bitarengeje miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. [15] Ingingo ya 128,1°y’Itegeko N° 030/2021 ryo ku wa 30/06/2021 rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi iteganya ko: "Iyo ikigo cy’ubwishingizi cyishyuye indishyi hakurikijwe amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’indishyi, cyemerewe gukoresha uburenganzira bwo gusimbura mu kwishyuza uryozwa igihombo cyangwa ibyangiritse, ku rugero cyishyuriyeho umufatabwishingizi cyangwa umugenerwabwishingizi. [16] Ingingo ya 158,1° y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi igika cya mbere iteganya ko:" Iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwararegewe mu rwego rwa mbere mu buryo budakurikije amategeko cyangwa rwararegeye urukiko rudafite ububasha, nyamara urwo rukiko rukaba rwarafashe icyemezo cyo kurwakira kandi rutaragombaga kurwakira, urukiko rwajuririrwe rwakira ubwo bujurire, rukagaragaza ko urwo rubanza rwajuririwe rwari rwararegewe urukiko rwa mbere mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rugatesha agaciro ibyemezo byose byashingiye kuri iryo kosa; ubifitemo inyungu akaba yakongera agatanga ikirego bundi bushya." [17] Ingingo zagarajwe zishaka kumvikanisha ko iyo umwishingizi yishuye indishyi ku mpanuka y’ikinyabiziga yishingiye uburyozwe, aba yemeye uburyozwe bushingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi, ariko nawe afite uburenganzira bwo kwishyuza uwateje iyo mpanuka amafaranga yatanze. Iyo ikibazo kiri mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi, ariko agaciro k’ikiburanwa katarenze Miliyoni eshanu/5.000.000frw, icyo kibazo ku rwego rwa mbere gihera mu rukiko rw’Ibanze. Mu gihe urukiko rwo hasi rwemeje ububasha bwarwo kandi ntabwo rufite, urukiko rwajuririwe rwakira ubwo bujurire rukerekana inenge kuri ubwo bubasha, ibyemezo byose byarufashwemo bigateshwa agaciro. [18] Mu rwego rwa mbere, ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwemeza ububasha bwarwo ni uko " kuba indishyi ziregerwa ari izikomoka ku mpanuka yo mu muhanda umwishingizi yishyuye ugomba kwishyurwa uwakomerekejwe n’impanuka ariko agasanga impanuka yarakozwe bitewe n’amakosa yakozwe n’uwari nyiri ikinyabiziga kishingiwe bivuga ko ariwe wari kuregwa indishyi, Bityo rero uwamwishingiye akazishyura akoresha ububasha bwari gukoreshwa n’uwakomeretse mukwishyuza indishyi. Ibi birego rero bikaba bitareba agaciro k’ikiburanwa kuburyo uregwa yavuga ko agaciro katarenze miliyoni makumyabiri aho birebwa kuzindi manza zitahariwe kuburanishwa kurwego rwa mbere n’urukiko Rwisumbuye." [19] Urukiko ruributsa ko COTRAMOKA cyangwa Cooperative de Transport au Moyen de Moto de Karongink’uko inyito yayo ibigaragaza ni Cooperative, bivuze ko ari ikigo cy’ubucuruzi.

## Page 5

[20] Urukiko ruributsa na none ko Habamenshi Pierre yari asanzwe ari umunyamuryango wa cooperative COTRAMOKA, bityo ko nawe muri uwo mujyo yafatwa nk’umucuruzi kuko ayirimo kubera inyungu ayishakamo. [21] Urukiko rurasanga rero yaba COTRAMOKA ndetse na Habamenshi Pierre nta numwe muribo wavuga ko aru umwishingizi ku buryo iki kibazo bafitanye wacyita ko ari ikibazo cy’ubwishingizi kuko hagati yabo nta sano y’ubwishingizi ihari. [22] Na none impaka zishingiye kumutungo wa COTRAMOKA yishyuye indishyi zatejwe n’impanuka yakozwe n’ikinyabiziga cya Habamenshi Pierre nawe w’umunyamuryango, birumvikana ko icyo kibazo kitagomba kwitwa ko ari ikibazo cy’ubwishingizi. [23] Urukiko rusanga iki kibazo kidashingiye ku buryozwe bw’impanuka yabaye kuko icyo kibazo ntakikiriho kuko umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga cyakoze impanuka yamaze kwemera uburyozwe ndetse anishyura uwahohotewe. [24] Urukiko rusanga ikibazo cyaregewe urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ,giteruye gitya:" gusubiza indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yishyuriwe zikomoka ku mpanuka yo kuwa 31/10/2018 n'izindi ndishyi zitandukanye."Ibyo byumvikanisha ko kiriya kirego cyari gishingiye kukugaruza amafaranga umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka yishuye uwahohotewe, hanyuma umwishingizi akagaruka kwishuza cooperative yari icyanditsweho kiriya kinyabiziga yabarizwagamo .iyi cooperative yamara kwishyura mu mwanya w’ikinyabiziga igasaba uyu wa nyuma ko yayisubiza amafaranga yamutangiye. [25] Urukiko rusanga rero Cooperative/ COTRAMOKA nk’uko byakomojweho ari umucuruzi kuko icyo igamije n’inyungu z’abanyamuryanga bayo,uregwa nawe abarizwa muri iyo cooperative kuko afite Moto ikorera muri iyo cooperative ndetse ikiyanditsweho,byagombye kumvikana rero ko impaka ziri hagati y’impande zombi ari impaka zishingiye kubucuruzi cyangwa kubacuruzi hagati yabo,ntabwo rero ari ikibazo mbonezamubano nk’uko abareze ku rwego rwa mbere babyumvise ndetse n’urukiko rubimira bunguri,bityo urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwaburanishije urubanza rudafitiye ububasha, ariyo mpamvu ruriya rubanza rwajuririwe rugomba guteshwa agaciro.ubifitemo inyungu akaba yaregera urukiko rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikibazo/ikirego cye cyane ko amafaranga aburanwa atarenze Miliyoni eshanu/5.000.000frs. [26] Urukiko rusanga mu kwanzura, iyo Cooperative/COTRAMOKA itaza kwemera kwishyura umwishingizi mubwumvikane,ntabwo umwishingizi yashoboraga gutanga ikirego cye mu nkiko /urukiko ruburanisha imanza mbonezamubano kuko kitari kuba ari ikibazo gishingiye ku buryozwe bw’indishyi z’impanuka mu muhanda,ni nako bimeze kuri iriya cooperative/ COTRAMOKA ishaka kugaruza amafaranga yatangiye umunyamuryango wayo,ntabwo yajya kuyasaba urukiko ruburanisha imanza mbonezamubano kuko n’ikibazo gishingiye ku mpaka z’abacuruzi, Cooperative ndetse n’umunyamuryango wayo. [27] Urukiko rusanga rero ku kindi kibazo cyari cyatanzwe cyo gusuzuma bitakiri ngombwa, kuko bimaze kugaragazwa ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwaburanishije urubanza rudafitiye ububasha kandi ingaruka akaba ari uko urwo rubanza ruvanwaho ubifitemo inyungu akaba yaregera urukiko rufite ububasha akaba ari narwo rusuzuma n’ibindi byasabwe.

## Page 6

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko Ubujurire bwa Habamenshi Pierre bwakiriwe; [29] Rwemeje ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Karongi nta bubasha rwari rufite bwo kuburanisha urubanza RC 00039/2022/TGI/KNG; [30] Rwemeje ko urubanza RC 00039/2022/TGI/KNG rwaciwe kuwa 07/03/2023 n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa karongi ruteshejwe agaciro; [31] Uru rubanza rusomwe mbere y’itariki rwari rwahawe, kuko iriya tariki yari irenze igihe rwagombaga gusomerwaho.