UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABARUREMA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABARUREMA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-19 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01339/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABARUREMA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01339/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 19 Nzeri 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana - Igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Incamake y’ikibazo: Habarurema wari umukozi wozaga amasahane mu kigo cy’ishuri ribanza kinacumbikira abana, yasanzwe umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka icumi aho yari yicaye yiga amwicara iruhande, amushyira intoki mu gitsina. Uwo mwana yahise abivuga, ajyanwa kwa muganga, Habarurema ahamagawe n’ubuyobozi bw’ikigo, yemera ko yabikoze. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, uregwa aburana ahakana icyaha, urukiko rusanga icyaha kimuhama, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukuko Rukuru asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ariko noneho abaurana yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ariko Ubushinjacyaha bukavuga ko nubwo yemra icyaha ubu, itaba impamvu ishingirwaho agabanyirizwa kuko yabanje kuburana ahakana ko ahubwo cyagabanywa ku bw’itegeko ryahindutse agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba uregwa ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’ubutabera no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyagize, rwamugabanirije igihano, ahanishwa igihano cy’ igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Uregwa na none yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, urukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa. Asobanura ko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi akaba yaranasabye imbabazi umuryango w’umwana ukazimuha kandi ko nta kindi kintu kibi yari agamije, bityo agasaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano ndetse akanahabwa isubikagihano. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa adashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe mu buryo buhagije kuko igihano yahawe haganedewe ku cyaha yakoze, kitakongera kugabanywa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, ingingo ya , ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA 00929/2024/CA, Ubushibjacyaha na Nshimirimana Dieudonné, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/02/2025; RPAA 00757/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Uwineza Jean Bosco, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/03/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Habarurema Emmanuel wakoraga akazi ko koza amasahani ku kigo cy’amashuri abanza kikanacumbikira abana (bording primary school), yaketsweho gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 10 witwa M.B.1, wasobanuye ko ku wa 15/10/2019 mu gihe cy’umugoroba yamusanze aho yigiraga (muri dining room) yicara iruhande rwe, amubwira ngo amwigishe igifaransa undi amubwira ko atakizi, nyuma azamura ikanzu ye ashyira intoki mu gitsina cy’uwo mwana, ahita abibwira abandi bana n’abandi bayobozi bo mu kigo ndetse anahamagara nyina kuri telefone arabimubwira, Habarurema atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Habarurema Emmanuel mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya, ku mvugo za M.B no kuba Habarurema Emmanuel yaremeye icyaha ubwo yari mu biro by’umuyobozi w’Ikigo umwana yigagaho hamwe na raporo ya muganga, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. [3] Habarurema Emmanuel yaburanye ahakana icyaha ashinjwa, avuga ko n’ibyo yemeye byatewe n’uko bamuteye ubwoba bashaka kumukubita, ko n’abamushinja nta n’umwe wabonye ashyira urutoki mu gitsina cy’umwana. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RP 01387/2019/TGI/GSBO ku wa 17/12/2020, rusanga nubwo Habarurema Emmanuel ahakana icyaha akurikiranweho hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya bigizwe no kuba mu Bugenzacyaha yariyemereye ko yicaranye na M.B amusanze aho yasubiragamo amasomo; imvugo z’uwo mwana wasobanuye ko yamushyize urutoki mu gitsina amusanze aho yigiraga; ubuhamya bwa Mukasonga Grâce wasobanuye ko yasanze M.B ari kurira akamubwira Habarurema yamushyize urutoki mu gitsina, ubuhamya bwa Rutayisire wasobanuye ko Habarurema Emmanuel yemeye icyaha anasaba imbabazi ubwo yari mu biro by’umuyobozi w’ikigo. [5] Rwasanze ariko kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha no kuba nta kigaragaza ko asanganwe imyitwarire mibi, byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, maze rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [6] Habarurema Emmanuel yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko n’ubwo yahakanye icyaha ku rwego rwa mbere, yiyemeje kucyemera mu bujurire bikaba byashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, ko kandi n’ubwo yashatse gukora ku gitsina cy’umwana nta kindi yari agamije.

1 Yahawe iri zina kubera imyana na kamere y’icyaha yakorewe.

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[7] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko ukwemera icyaha mu bujurire kwa Habarurema Emmanuel kutamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, ko ahubwo cyagabanywa ku bw’itegeko ryahindutse agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [8] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RPA 00147/2021/HC/KIG ku wa 12/11/2024, rusanga ukwemera icyaha mu bujurire kwa Habarurema Emmanuel kutamugirira akamaro nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza NºRPAA 00048/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyemana Eric alias Nyinya. [9] Rwasanze ahubwo igihano cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi no kuba nta ngaruka zikomeye icyaha cyateje, kikagabanywa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange2, maze rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi nitanu (15). [10] Habarurema Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa Nº RPAA 01339/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 09/09/2025 Habarurema Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Munini Patrick, Ubushinjacyaha buhagararaiwe na Gakwerere Javan Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [11] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Habarurema Emmanuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rumugabanyirize igihano ndetse kinasubikwe. [12] Uhagararariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire bwa Habarurema Emmanuel nta shingiro ifite kuko igihano yahanishijwe cy’imyaka 15 aricyo gito Urukiko rutari kujya munsi, kandi ko icyo gihano kitasubikwa kuko Itegeko ritabyemera. [13] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igihano Habarurema Emmanuel yahawa cyakongera kugabanywa kikanasubikwa.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Habarurema Emmanuel yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa kikanasubikwa [14] Habarurema Emmanuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubwo yaburanaga mu Rukiko Rukuru yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, ndetse n’umuryango w’umwana ukaba waramuhaye imbabazi kuko nta kindi gikorwa kibi yari agamije gukora, bityo ko igihano yahawe cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku kuba aribwo bwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi nta yindi myitwarire mibi asanzwe azwiho, ko n’ubwo ku birebana n’amategeko ntacyo banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, akomeje gutakamba kugira ngo igihano yahawe cyongere kigabanywe ahabwe igihano gito cyane kandi gisubikwe.

2 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvunyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungocy’imyaka 15

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[15] Bavuga ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingirwa ku manza zaciwe zirimo urubanza Nº RPAA 00194/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel alias Shema3, Urubanza Nº RPAA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00566/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2023. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Habarurema Emmanuel itagomba guhabwa agaciro kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kandi igihano yahawe akaba ari cyo gito Urukiko rushobora gutanga ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14, kandi ko icyo gihano kitasubikwa kuko kirengeje igifungo cy’imyaka 5 Itegeko ryemera ko gishobora gusubikwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano Habarurema Emmanuel yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. [18] Ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko Habarurema Emmanuel yahamijwe, Itegeko rigihanisha igifungo cya burundu nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe. [19] Ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamijwe icyaha giteganyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye. Rushingiwe ku ngingo ya 24 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe ko «Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingarukaicyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzweyitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo» n’Umucamanza, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15)5. [20] Bivuze ko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [21] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujurirwa ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru, rwagabanyirije Habarurema Emmanuel igihano cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yari yahanishijwe ku rwego

3 Umurongo uvuga ko mu gihe urukiko rusanze impamvu z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro, uregwa ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hitawe ku mahame ateganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. 4 Iyo ngingo ivuga ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15”. 5 Reba urubanza NºRPAA 00929/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2025 haburana Ubushibjacyaha na NSHIMIRIMANA Dieudonné, urubanza NºRPAA 00757/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na UWINEZA Jean Bosco.

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rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwasobanuye. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga harebwe uburyo ibihano bishobora kugabanywa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, hakanarebwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Habarurema Emmanuel yahanishijwe nyuma yo kugabanyirizwa igihano, ibyo asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa bitashoboka kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije kandi bukurikije ibyo amategeko ateganya, igihano yahawe kandi kikaba ari cyo gito gishobora gutangwa hakurijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru. [23] Ku bijyanye n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00566/2021/CA Habarurema Emmanuel asaba ko rwashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga urwo rubanza rutashigirwaho kuko rwagabanyije igihano hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 78 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ryavanyweho n’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kandi umurongo wari uriho ukaba udashobora gukomeza gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [24] Urukiko rurasanga n’urubanza No RPAA 00194/2021/CA rutashingirwa ngo agabanyirizwe igihano nk’uko abisaba, kuko narwo rwagenwemo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) nk’icyo nawe yahawe, n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00060/2021/CA rukaba narwo rutashingirwaho mu kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko rwo rwatanzwemo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi nta subikagihano Habarurema Emmanuel yahabwa, kuko igihano yahawe kirengeje imyaka 5 iteganywa n’amategeko kugira ngo abe yasubikirwa igihano nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 nk’uko ryahinduwe6. [26] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Habarurema Emmanuel yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, kandi kikaba kitasubikwa, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’ URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Habarurema Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite;

6 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko: “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, Urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”.

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[28] Rwemeje ko urubanza No RPA 00147/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 12/11/2024, rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [29] Rutegetse ko igihanocy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Habarurema Emmanuel yahawe kigumyeho.