UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIHIRWE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIHIRWE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00454/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIHIRWE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00454/2024/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J.,) 30 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi – Iyo uregwa yafatanwe ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, bigaragaza ko yari agamije kurucuruza cyangwa kurukwirakwiza, aho kurukoresha ku giti cye. Incamake y’ikibazo:Ingabo z`igihugu zifatanyije n`inzego z`ibanze zakoze opération yo guca ibiyobyabwenge, zigeze mu rugo rwa Habihirwe Daniel zimusangana urumogi rungana n’inusu y’ikilo (1/2 kgs). Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cyo mu bwoko bw'urumogi, maze aburana yemera icyaha aregwa, ubushinjacyaha busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw ndetse n’Urumogi rwafatiriwe rugatwikwa. Nyuma y’isesengura ry’ibimenyetso, uru Rukiko rwemeza ko Habihirwe ahamwe n’icyaha cyo kubika, gucuruza no guhinga ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.001Frw, rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rungana n’inusu (1/2 kg) rutwikwa, rumugabanyirije ibihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere afatiwe mu cyaha. Uregwa yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru yemera icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Habihirwe yakoze icyaha cyo kubika, gucuruza no guhinga ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi harebwa ingano yabyo. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko Habihirwe ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cyo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bityo ko urubanza rwajuririrwe ruhamanye agaciro karwo. Habihirwe yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko inyito y’icyaha ikwiye guhinduka kikaba icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi, aho kuba n’icyaha cyo kubika, gucuruza no guhinga ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, asaba no kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha cyo guhinga no gufatanwa urumogi ariko ko atemera icyaha cyo kurucuruza. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu guhamya Habihirwe Daniel icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, kuko Inzego z’umutekano zari zifite amakuru ko arucuruza, zimaze kumusaka zimusangana inusu y’ikiro cy’urumogi (1/2 kg) agamije kurucuruza, bityo ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe itahinduka nkuko abisaba. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bw’uregwa nta shingiro bufite kuko yakoze icyaha cyo kubika, guhinga no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, aho kuba icyaha cyo kurufatanwa gusa.

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Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko kuba ari ubwa mbere Habihirwe Daniel afatiwe mu cyaha, bikwiye kumubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ikwiye gutuma agabanyirizwa ibihano bihagije, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo uregwa yafatanwe ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, bigaragaza ko yari agamije kurucuruza cyangwa kurukwirakwiza, aho kurukoresha ku giti cye. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro ku birebana n’igabanyagihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2; Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe Urubanza RPAA 00408/2020/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022; Urubanza RPAA 00406/2020/CA, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021; Urubanza RPAA 00773/2021/CA, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Musonera Marc, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/03/2024. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 29/03/2021, Ingabo z`igihugu zifatanyije n`inzego z`ibanze zakoze opération yo guca ibiyobyabwenge, zigeze mu rugo rwa Habihirwe Daniel zimusangana urumogi rungana n’inusu y’ikilo (1/2 kgs), arufite mu nzu. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Habihirwe Daniel mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cyo mu bwoko bw'urumogi, busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw ndetse n’Urumogi rwafatiriwe rugatwikwa. [3] Habihirwe Daniel yaburanye yemera ko yafatanywe urwo rumogi akavuga ko atari arubitse kuko aribwo yari akimara kurugura kugira ngo aruhe inka, ariko ko atarucuruza cyangwa ngo aruhinge. [4] Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku kuba Habihirwe Daniel yarafatanywe urwo rumogi mu nzu ye, kuba Ndagijimana Augustin amushinja ko bamufatanye urumogi hashingiwe ku makuru bari bafite ko arucuruza, bajya kumusaka bakarumusangana, kuba raporo yakozwe n’Inzego z’Ibanze igaragaza ko Habihirwe Daniel yafatanywe urumogi, ko kandi asanzwe arucuruza, akanasinya ku nyandikomvugo igaragaza ko arufatanwe, rwaciye rubanza RP 00321/2021/TGI/GIC ku wa

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20/05/2021, rwemeza ko Habihirwe Daniel ahamwe n’icyaha cyo kubika, gucuruza no guhinga ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.001Frw, rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rungana n’inusu (1/2 kg ) rutwikwa, rumugabanyirije ibihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere afatiwe mu cyaha. [5] Habihirwe Daniel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru yemera icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi kuko aricyo gifitiwe ibimenyetso kandi ko kiri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ibanze. [6] Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Habihirwe Daniel yakoze icyaha cyo kubika, gucuruza no guhinga ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi harebwa ingano yabyo kuko inusu y’urumogi ivamo boules nyinshi, ko kuvuga ko nta muguzi wagaragajwe bidahagije kugira ngo hemezwe ko yakoze icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi gusa. [7] Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze, kuba Habihirwe Daniel yarafatanwe inusu y’ikiro cy’urumogi (½) nta kindi yari agamije usibye gukwirakwiza icyo kiyobyabwenge mu bantu agicuruza, aho kugiha inka nk’uko abivuga, cyane ko bizwi ko impamvu abantu bakiyobotse mu bucuruzi bwacyo, ari uko gihenze, bivuze ko cyunguka cyane. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 00862/2021/HC/KIG ku wa 05/06/2024, rwemeza ko Habihirwe Daniel ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cyo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ko urubanza rwajuririrwe ruhamanye agaciro karwo. [8] Habihirwe Daniel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RPAA 00454/2024/CA, urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 09/01/2025, Habihirwe Daniel yunganiwe na Me Ndejeje Pascal, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire Habihirwe Daniel avuga ko inyito y’icyaha ikwiye guhinduka kikaba icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi, aho kuba n’icyaha cyo kubika, gucuruza no guhinga ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, ari mu iburanisha ry’urubanza, Habihirwe Daniel n’umwunganira bavuga ko akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha cyo guhinga no gufatanwa urumogi (inusu y’ikiro cy’urumogi), ariko ko atemera icyaha cyo kurucuruza. [10] Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Habihirwe Daniel nta shingiro bufite kuko yakoze cyo kubika, guhinga no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, aho kuba icyaha cyo kurufatanwa gusa nk’uko abivuga. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhamya Habihirwe Daniel icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, no kumenya niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO: 1.Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhamya Habihirwe Daniel icyaha cyo kubika, guhinga no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi

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[12] Habihirwe Daniel n’umwunganira bavuga ko yakoze icyaha cyo guhinga ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi, kuko yahinze ibiti bibiri (2) byarwo rwo guha inka ze 4, ariko ko atari umurima warwo, barusanga aho yarwanitse, baramufata, ndetse ko anemera icyaha cyo kurubika, kuko yafatanwe inusu y’ikiro cy’urumogi) nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00033/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpirikanyi Jean Damascène. [13] Bakomeza bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ikosa ryo kumuhamya n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi atararucuruzaga, ko ahubwo yari umucuruzi muri Centre yari atuyemo, nyamara raporo y’Inzego z’Ibanze yo ku wa 28/3/2021 yashingiweho ivuga ko hari umucuruzi wafatanzwe urumogi, ariko ko itavuga ko yari asanzwe arucuruza. Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko yacuruzaga urumogi akanarukwirakwiza ngo kubera ko rurimo inyungu nyinshi, rwirengagiza ko nta nyungu ziri mu rumogi yafatanwe kuko rutarengeje ibihumbi bitatu (3.000 Frw). [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu guhamya Habihirwe Daniel icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, kandi ko hatabaye isaka rusange, ko Inzego z’umutekano zari zifite amakuru ko arucuruza, zimaze kumusaka zimusangana inusu y’ikiro cy’urumogi (1/2 kg), yiregura avuga ko yaruhinze, ariko ko Polisi itigeze ibona umurima cyangwa ibiti byaryo, ndetse ko nta n’ikigaragaza ko rwari urwo guha inka, ko ahubwo yarucuruzaga kuko inusu y’ikiro cy’urumogi yafatwanwe irimo boules nyinshi, bigaragaza ko yarukwirakwizaga, ko rero inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe itahinduka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin, iyo uregwa yafatanwe ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, bigaragaza ko yari agamije kurucuruza cyangwa kurukwirakwiza, aho kurukoresha ku giti cye1. Uwo murongo ninawo wagiye ushingirwaho mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nk’urubanza RPAA 00392/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Musanganyimpuhwe Félicien (igika cya 16). [16] Nk’uko bigaragarira mu gika cya 31 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba Habihirwe Daniel yarafatanwe ikiyobyabwenge kingana n’inusu y’ikiro cy’urumogi (1/2 kg) nta kindi yari agamije usibye kugikwirakwiza mu bantu agicuruza, kuko nta kuntu yavuga ko yakiguze adateganyije inyungu z’amafaranga yari kukivanamo nk’uko abivuga.

1Amagambo arebana no gufatanwa (avugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’ingingo ya 263), gukora, guhinga, guhindura, gutunda, kubika (avugwa mu gika cya 3 cy’iyo ngingo) agomba kumvikana hakurikijwe ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge n’ikigiye gukoreshwa ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yarafatanwe, yakoze, yahinze, yahinduye, yatunze, yabitse maze byagaragara ko kuri buri gikorwa muri ibyo ikigamijwe ari ukubikoresha ku giti cye (simple drug possession) uregwa agahabwa ibihano bito ariko byagaragara ko ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe ari nini bikaba byashingirwaho hemezwa ko ataribyo gukoresha ku giti cye ahubwo ikigamijwe ari ugucuruza cyangwa gukwirakwiza (drugs trafficking/drug distribution) ibiyobyabwenge uregwa agahabwa igihano kiremereye

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[17] Hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/06/2022 rwavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, hashingiwe ku ngano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi rungana n’inusu y’ikilo (1/2 kgs) Habihirwe Daniel yafatanwe mu nzu ye nk’uko abyiyemerera, bigaragara ko rwari urwo gukwirakwiza mu bantu arucuruza, aho kurukoresha ku giti cye aruha inka ze nk’uko abivuga, kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira uretse kubivuga gusa. [18] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu guhamya Habihirwe Daniel icyaha cyo kubika, guhinga no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi nk’uko yanagihamijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. 2.Kumenya niba Habihirwe Daniel yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha cyo guhinga no gufatanwa urumogi akanagisabira imbabazi [19] Habihirwe Daniel n’umwunganira bavuga ko akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha mbera yo gukurikiranwa ku buryo buryo budashidikanywaho, anagisabira imbabazi aranacyicuza, no kuba icyaha cyakozwe nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, kuko inusu y’ikiro cy’urumogi rwafatiriwe rutarahabwa inka. Bavuga kandi ko mu kugenera Habihirwe Daniel ibihano, uru Rukiko rwazita ku kuba ari mukuru kuko afite imyaka 65, kuko mu gihe igihano yahawe kigumyeho yazafungurwa afite imyaka 85, akaba atayigezaho ari muri gereza, kuko ni umusaza. [20] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Habihirwe Daniel atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ko ahubwo ibihano yahawe bikwiye kugumaho, kubera ko ibyo asaba birimo kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ubusaza ntaho abishingira mu rwego rw’amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [22] Naho ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko Ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018ryo ku wa 30/08/2018riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“; “(d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [23] Ikibazo cy’uko uregwa akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano mu gihe atabigabanyirijwe bihagije mu rubanza rujuririrwa cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha

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na Nahayo Ignace. Uwo murongo ninawo wagiye ushingirwaho mu manza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nk’urubanza RPAA 00773/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/03/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Musonera Marc (igika cya 20}. [24] Nk’uko bigaragarira mu gika cya 32 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaragabanyirije Habihirwe Daniel ibihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko aribwo bwa mbere afatiwe mu cyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw, aho kumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu, bityo ko icyo gihano gikwiye hashingiwe k’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [25] Nk’uko bigaragarira mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere, Habihirwe Daniel yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25 hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60, 1º, y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yateganyaga ko haseguriwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 107 y’iryo Tegeko, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 25. Ibyo bihano ninabyo byagumishijweho n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rujuririrwa nk’uko byasobanuwe mu miterere y’uru rubanza, ariko ingingo ya 60, 1º, yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru. [26] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, kuba ari ubwa mbere Habihirwe Daniel afatiwe mu cyaha nk’uko n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwabibonye, bikwiye kumubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ikwiye gutuma agabanyirizwa ibihano bihagije nk’uko biteganywa n’iyo ngingo, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw yahawe mbere, bityo imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ikaba igomba guhinduka gusa ku birebana n’ibihano Habihirwe Daniel ahanishijwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habihirwe Daniel bufite ishingiro ku birebana n’igabanyagihano. [28] Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00862/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/06/2024, ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano Habihirwe Daniel ahanishijwe. [29] Ruhanishije Habihirwe Daniel igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [30] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.