UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00261/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00261/2023/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.) 21Werurwe2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha – Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, Urukiko nirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Incamake y’Ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye Habimana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, nyuma yuko acyetsweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa I. Z. w’imyaka ibiri (2) n’amezi atandatu (6) y’amavuko. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ntacyo yakoze, hirengagijwe amakimbirane ari hagati y’umuryango we n’umuryango w’umwana ashingingiye ku isambu, ko ibyo yemeye mu Bugenzacyaha yabitewe n’iterabwoba yashyizweho, ko rero bitari bikwiye gushingirwaho n’urukiko rumuhamya icyaha. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ukwemera icyaha Habimana yakoze mu Bugenzacyaha kutateshwa agaciro, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rugumishaho igihano yahawe. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, ko imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha zitagombaga guhabwa agaciro, kuko yemeye icyaha abitewe n’uko yatewe ubwoba, kandi ko raporo ya Muganga n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bitagaragaza ko yasambanyije umwana, agasaba kugirwa umwere. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ibyo Habimana avuga ko yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha kuko yatewe ubwoba, atari ukuri, kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira, ko rero kwemera icyaha kwe mu Bugenzacyaha kutagomba guteshwa agaciro. Buvuga na none ko raporo ya Muganga ihura n’uko icyaha cyakozwe, kuko Habimana yavuze ko atababaje umwana. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, Urukiko nirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite; Urubanza ruhindutse ku byerekeye igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Ingingo ya 14 (3) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

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Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 17. Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso, Ingingo ya 119. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Baziramwabo alias Museveni, RPAA 00206/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025. Ubushinjacyaha vs Ndayishimiye, RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023.

Urubanza I. Imiterere y’Urubanza [1] Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 18/05/2020, Habimana yacyetsweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa I. Z. w’imyaka ibiri (2) n’amezi atandatu (6) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko uyu mwana yagiye iwabo wa Habimana agiye kureba mushiki we ntiyamusangayo, aba ariwe ahasanga, amusanga ku buriri, amuryama iruhande hanyuma nawe aramusambanya, biza kumenyekana ari uko uwitwa Irakoze Rehema abonye umwana asohobotse mu nzu arimo kwireba ku gitsina, umwana amubwira ko hari ibyo Habimana amukoreye, arebye ku gitsina abona hariho ibintu bimeze nk’amasohoro, hanyuma Habimana ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi burega Habimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, ko bamubeshyera ko yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha kandi atari byo, ko ahubwo yagiriwe akagambane na nyina w’umwana kubera ko yanze ko se amugurisha ikibanza. [4] Mu rubanza n° RP 00178/2020/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Uregwa yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha yemera icyaha, ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Irakoze Rehema, ubwa Urimubandi Fils, ubwa Uzayisenga Jeanine n’ubwa Ntamuturano Augustin na raporo ya Muganga igaragaza ko umwana ashobora kuba yarasambanyijwe, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ntacyo yakoze, hirengagijwe amakimbirane ari hagati y’umuryango we n’umuryango w’umwana ashingingiye ku isambu. Yavuze ko ibyo yemeye mu Bugenzacyaha yabitewe n’iterabwoba yashyizweho, ko rero bitari bikwiye gushingirwaho n’urukiko rumuhamya icyaha, asaba kugirwa umwere. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ubujurire bwa Habimana nta shingiro bufite, kuko hari ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’urukiko rwabanje bihagije kandi bidashidikanywaho, bigaragaza ko ariwe wasambanyije umwana.

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[6] Mu rubanza n° RPA 00407/2020/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 15/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasanze ukwemera icyaha Uregwa yakoze mu Bugenzacyaha kutateshwa agaciro, maze ruhuje ibyo yahavugiye yemera icyaha n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rugumishaho igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cya burundu. [7] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa n° RPAA 00261/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/03/2025, Uregwa yunganiwe na Me Habimana Alphonse, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Uregwa avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, ko imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha zitagombaga guhabwa agaciro, kuko yemeye icyaha abitewe n’uko yatewe ubwoba, kandi ko raporo ya Muganga n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bitagaragaza ko yasambanyije umwana, agasaba kugirwa umwere. Me Habimana Alphonse umwunganira avuga ko mu gihe Urukiko rwabibona ukundi, rwakwibwiriza rukamugabanyiriza igihano yahawe kuko kiremereye. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Habimana nta shingiro bufite, ko ibimenyetso byatanzwe byose bimuhamya icyaha aregwa cyo gusambanya umwana. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba Uregwa yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba Habimana yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho [10] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. Avuga ko yagaragarije urukiko rwabanje ko imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha zitagombaga guhabwa gaciro kuko yemeye icyaha ashyizweho iterabwoba yicishwa inzara, ageze mu Bushinjacyaha aragihakana, ariko ko nta bimenyetso byo kwicishwa inzara yari kubona, akaba asanga imirongo Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwashingiyeho mu gusesengura iyi ngingo idahura n’ikibazo cye, kuko yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha ariko mu Bushinjacyaha aragihakana, bikaba bidahwanye n’umuntu wemeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza, ariko agahakana icyaha mu rukiko. [11] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga na none ko Muganga wasuzumye umwana yavuze ko hari ibintu bisa n’umweru ku itako ry’iburyo ry’umwana, ariko ko atagaragaje ko ari amasohoro, kugirango nawe apimwe hamenyekane ko ari aye, kandi ko yasabye ko apimwa ariko ntibikorwe. Bavuga kandi ko mu mwanzuro wa raporo ye, Muganga avuga ko bikekwa ko umwana yasambanyijwe, nyamara ko ntaho yemeje ko umwana yasambanyijwe, ko n’ibyo abatangabuhamya bavuga ko babonye amasohoro ku itako ry’umwana, bishoboka ko ayo masohoro yari yagiye ku byo yari aryamyeho yiroteyeho. [12] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga ko n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitari zikwiye gushingirwaho n’urukiko ngo rumuhamye icyaha, kubera ko ibyo bavuze babonye bisa nk’amasohoro bitemejwe na Muganga, kandi ko umwana w’imyaka ibiri (2) y’amavuko

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adashobora gukoresha imvugo ngo “amaze kumukorera ibintu”, kuko ari imvugo ikoreshwa n’abantu bakuru bavuga kandi ko Habimana atari gusohorera ku mwana, ngo nasohoka uwamubonye abone ko amasohoro yumye. [13] Uregwa n’umwunganira banavuga ko urukiko rutakoze iperereza ngo rubone ko hari amakimbirane ari mu muryango avukamo ashingiye ku isambu yanditse kuri mushiki we, ariko bafite gahunda yo kuyigurisha na nyina w’umwana aregwa gusambanya, yabibaza bagahita bamwishyiramo. Basoza basaba ko yagirwa umwere. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Uregwa avuga ko yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha kuko yatewe ubwoba atari ukuri, kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira. Avuga ko abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha, Habimana yavuze ko ibyanditswe ko yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha ari ibyo bamubeshyeye, abajijwe impamvu abeshyerwa asubiza ko atazi impamvu, ko rero kwemera icyaha kwe mu Bugenzacyaha kutagomba guteshwa agaciro. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga na none ko raporo ya Muganga ihura n’uko icyaha cyakozwe, kuko Uregwa yavuze ko atababaje umwana, ko atanamurangirijemo, hanyuma Muganga wasuzumye umwana nawe abona ibintu by’umweru ku mwana, ariko avuga ko akarangabusugi ke ari kazima, ko kuba ibyo bintu by’umweru byaba bitarasuzumwe bitamugira umwere, kuko raporo ya Muganga atari ikimenyetso kamara, ahubwo ari ikimenyetso kiza kiyongera ku bindi, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza nº RPAA 00029/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/04/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsigaye Gasigwa, ko kuba umwana yasanganwa akarangabusugi kazima, ubwabyo byonyine atari ikimenyetso cy’uko hatabayeho igikorwa cyo kumusambanya. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko urubanza nº RPAA 00370/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/03/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mushimiyimana Jean Bosco rwasobanuye ko urukiko rudategetswe gukora iperereza cyangwa se ngo rubaze abatangabuhamya igihe cyose bisabwe n’umuburanyi iyo rwumva ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe bihagije kandi n’ababuranyi bahawe umwanya wo kubyisobanuraho.  Uko Urukiko rubibona [17] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Uregwa yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka ibiri (2) n’amezi atandatu (6) y’amavuko hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. [18] Kubyerekeranye n’ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, mu rubanza n° RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, hasesenguwe ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo1, harebwe cyane cyane ku mwihariko w’imanza nshinjabyaha, maze urukiko rusobanura ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Iri

1 Iyo ngingo ihura n’ingingo ya 87 y’Itegeko nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso.

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hame ryashingiweho mu zindi manza zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru rukiko, harimo n’urubanza n° RPAA 00206/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Baziramwabo Fabien bita Museveni. [19] Mu rubanza nº RPA 00407/2020/HC/RSZ rwajuririwe, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwahamije Uregwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira: - imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha aho yavuze ko umwana yavuye iwabo amusanga mu rugo akiryamye, amuryama i ruhande, hanyuma afata igitsina cye agishyira mu cy’umwana ariko ko atamwangije kandi atamurangirijemo; - ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Irakoze Rehema wavuze ko yabonye umwana avuye mu nzu ya Habimana arimo kwireba ku gitsina, amubajije ibyo arimo, umwana aramwereka, anamutungira urutoki inzu ye, abona ku gitsina cy’umwana hariho ibintu birimo kumuvamo bigaragara ko yamurangirijemo; ubuhamya bwa Urimubandi Fils wavuze ko yabonye Irakoze Rehema ari kwitegereza umwana, arabegera asanga ku myenda y’umwana no ku maguru ye hariho amasohoro, bamubaza akanga kubasubiza, hanyuma babajije Uregwa abanza guhakana, bamujyana mu buyobozi, bari mu nzira abemerera ko yakinishije umwana ariko atamwangije; raporo yo ku wa 18/05/2020 yakozwe na Dr Bora U. Astrid wo ku bitaro bya Gihundwe, wavuze ko umwana ashobora kuba yasambanyijwe, ko hari ibintu bisa n’umweru byumye bigaragara ku itako ry’iburyo (cas suspect de viol, … substances blanchâtres sèches au niveau de la cuisse droite). [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Uregwa avuga ko imvugo ze zo mu Bugenzacyaha zagombaga guteshwa agaciro kuko yemeye icyaha ashyizweho iterabwoba yicishwa inzara nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwabibonye ibyo yemeye asobanura ko yakinishije umwana atamusohoreyemo zuzuzanya n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya babonye umwana asohoka mu nzu aho bari kumwe aryamye, basobanuye uko umwana yasohotse yireba ku gitsina, akabatungira agatoki abereka aho avuye, kandi bakobona ibintu bimeze nk’amasohoro ku gitsina cy’umwana, bamujyana kwa Muganga nawe akabibona byamaze kuma, akanzura muri raporo ye ko umwana ashobora kuba yasambanyijwe. Nta hantu hagaragara mu buhamya bwagarutsweho haruguru ko umwana yaba yaragize amagambo avuga ngo “amaze kumukorera ibintu” nk’uko Habimana abiburanisha. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi kuba Muganga atarasuzumye ibintu by’umweru byumye yabonye ku itako ry’iburyo ry’umwana ngo agaragaze ko ari amasohoro, anapime Habimana atari impamvu yatuma ibindi bimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bidasuzumwa ngo bihabwe agaciro bikwiye, kuko iyo iryo suzumwa rikorwa hari kuboneka ibimenyetso byiyongera ku bindi, kandi nk’uko byagarutsweho haruguru, mu Bugenzacyaha Uregwa yemeye ko yasambanyije umwana, asobanura uko yabikoze bihura n’ibyo raporo ya Muganga yagaragaje ndetse n’ibyo abatangabuhamya babonye ku mwana. Kuba Habimana yarageze mu Bushinjacyaha agahindura imvugo, nta mpamvu yumvikana agaragaza yatumye abikora, kuko mu Bushinjacyaha yahakanye icyaha avuga ko abamushinja bamubeshyera kubera ko muri quartier bose bamwanga, abajijwe impamvu mu Bugenzacyaha yari yemeye icyaha, ntiyabona igisubizo. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruributsa kandi ko iperereza rikorwa n’Ubushinjacyaha bwifashishije Ubugenzacyaha nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 17 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, bityo ibyo Habimana avuga

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ko imirongo Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwashingiyeho ruha agaciro imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha idahura n’ikibazo cye, kuko yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha ariko mu Bushinjacyaha akagihakana nta shingiro bifite, kuko nta kibuza Urukiko guha agaciro ibyavugiwe muri rumwe muri izo nzego z’iperereza, ariko yagera mu Rukiko akazihakana. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga na none ibyo Uregwa avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rutakoze iperereza ku makimbirane afitanye n’umuryango w’umwana aregwa gusambanya, atarigeze asaba ko iryo perereza rikorwa, ngo agaragaze abo ryari gukorwaho n’icyo rigamije, maze ngo urwo rukiko rubyange, akaba rero atabyifashisha nk’inenge ku rubanza yajuririye igomba gukosorwa. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi mu guhamya Uregwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka ibiri (2) n’amezi atandatu (6) y’amavuko byuzuzanya kandi bidashidikanywaho, ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko, n’ubwo icyaha Uregwa yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka ibiri (2) n’amezi atandatu (6) y’amavuko ari icyaha gikomeye, kuko gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu2, akaba ari nacyo yahawe, icyo gihano cyagabanywa, kubera ko harebwe imikorere y’icyaha bigaragara ko yikinishije ku mwana, ntiyangiza imyanya ndagagitsina kuko raporo ya Muganga igaragaza ko agifite akarangabusugi, akaba yakoze icyo cyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana kuko yari afite imyaka makumyabiri (20), kandi ni ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi. [26] Mu kugabanya igihano cyahawe Habimana Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruranashingira ku zindi manza rwaciye, harimo urubanza nº RPAA 00478/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/09/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayambaje wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka itatu (3) y’amavuko, we afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, hanyuma agabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’uko yakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, ahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), bityo na Habimana Eric nawe akaba agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) nk’icyo Ndayambaje yahawe. [27] Hashingiwe ku manza zatanze imirongo n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Habimana nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba guhinduka gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] 28. Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Habimana nta shingiro bufite; [29] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 00407/2020/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 15/05/2024 ruhindutse gusa kubyerekeye igihano;

2 Ingingo ya 14 (3) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, “Iyo gusambanya umwana byakorewe ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14 igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu.”

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[30] Rutegetse ko Habimana ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka ibiri (2) n’amezi atandatu (6) y’amavuko ; [31] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kubera ko Habimana yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.