UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-09-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00293/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00293/2023/CA (Tugireyezu, P.J.) 25 Nzeri 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha - Gucuruza no gutunda urumogi - Nubwo bihanishwa igihano kimwe, icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi n’icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi ntibikwiye kwitiranywa kuko gutunda bisobanura gukura ikintu ahantu ukakijyana ahandi bityo kubyitiranya bikaba ari ikosa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Habimana yafatiwe Nyabugogo afite udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu (3000) tw’urumogi, afatanwa n’umumotari wari umutwaye witwa Tuyambaze. Agifatwa, Habimana yasobanuye ko urumogi yaruhawe na Uwirebeye akaba yari arukuye i Rubavu. Uyu Uwirebye na we yaje gufatirwa Nyabihu afatanwa udupfunyika tw’urumogi 5000. Nyuma y’iperereza, ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge burega Habimana, Tuyambaze na Uwirebeye, icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyabahama bakagihanirwa. Uwirebeye aburana yemera icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi agashinja Habimana ko urumogi yafatanwe yari yarumugurishije. Habimana we ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi naho Tuyambaze we agasobanura ko yahamagawe mu kazi asanzwe akora nk’umumotari ngo atware umugenzi ntabwo yari azi ibyo uwo mugenzi atwaye afite mu gikapu. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwasanze icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi gihama Uwirebeye na Habimana bahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 1.5000.000 Frw naho Tuyambaze rumugira umwere. Habimana ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo akijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru narwo rushimangira icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, nanone ntiyanyurwa ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze. Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwatanze inzitizi yo kutakiri ubujurire bwa kabiri kuko bushingiye ku mpamvu zimwe ariko iyo nzitizi Urukiko rwemeza ko nta shingiro ifite kuko ibibazo byasuzumwe n’izo nkiko zombi atari bimwe. Mu iburanisha mu mizi, Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Habimana yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ibikorwa bigize icyaha bituzuye nta n’ibimenyetso simusiga byashingiweho bikimushinja. Uwajuriye asobanura ko yahamijwe icyaho cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi ibikorwa bigize icyo cyaha atarigeze abikora dore ko yarufatanwe arukuye i Rubavu. Akomeza asobanura ko nubwo yafatanwe igikapu kirimo urumogi atari azi ko arirwo atwaye bityo agasaba ko yagirwa umwere. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko impamvu yahamijwe icyaho cyo gucuruza urumogi ni uko yaruzanye agiye kuruha abarucuruza bityo nawe kaba agomba gufatwa nk’urucuruza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Nubwo bihanishwa igihano kimwe, icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi n’icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi ntibikwiye kwitiranywa kuko gutunda bisobanura gukura ikintu ahantu ukakijyana ahandi bityo kubyitiranya bikaba ari ikosa. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe;

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Habimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 263; Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00052/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Uwiringiye Franco, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/07/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 23/11/2019, Polisi, ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, yafatanye Habimana Antoine udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu (3.000) tw’urumogi arukuye i Rubavu afatanwa na motari Tuyambaze Eugene bageze Nyabugogo, akavuga ko yaruhawe n’uwitwa Uwirebeye Egide, uyu nawe aza gufatanwa udupfunyika 5.000 tw’urumogi, bafatirwa i Kigali. Abapolisi babafashe babashyikirije Ubugenzacyaha nabwo bushyikiriza dosiye Ubushinjacyaha. [2] Nyuma yo gukora iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bakurikiranyeho Habimana Antoine, Tuyambaze Eugene na Uwirebeye Egide icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyabahama, bakagihanirwa. [3] Uwirebeye Egide yaburanye yemera icyaha, agasobanura uko yagikoze, akemera ko acuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, kandi ko yanafatanwe udupfunyika 5.000 tw’urumogi, akanashinja Habimana Antoine ko yamugurishije urumogi yafatanwe. Habimana Antoine we aburana ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe ari Uwirebeye Egide warumuhaye ngo arumujyanire i Kigali, akaza kumubwira uwo arushyira. Naho Tuyambaze Eugene nawe yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko we ari umumotari, akaba yarahamagawe na Uwirebeye Egide ngo amusange i Muhanga amutware, ahageze, amurangira undi muntu atwara, ajya kumutwara, bageze i Nyabugogo bahita bafatwa. [4] Mu rubanza No RP 01578/2019/TGI/NYGE, rwaciwe ku wa 30/10/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko abaregwa bakoze icyaha birimo:

 Kuri Habimana Antoine:  Kuba Habimana Antoine yemera ko ariwe wafatanywe udupfunyika 3.000 tw’urumogi;  Imvugo y’umutangabuhamya Nshimiyimana Eric umwe mu bapolisi bamufashe wemeje ko akimufata yahise yemera ko yaruhawe na Uwibereye Egide;

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 Imvugo za Uwirebeye Egide amushinja ko ariwe wamuhaye urwo rumogi.  Kuri Uwirebeye Egide:  Imvugo ya Uwirebeye Egide yiyemera ko acuruza urumogi;  Kuba yarafatanwe udupfunyika 5.000 tw’urumogi ndetse na 347.500 Frw yari amaze gucuruzaho urumogi;  Imvugo ya Habimana Antoine amushinja kumuha urumogi ndetse no kumushakira umumotari umutwara;  Imvugo ya Nzahoranimana Jean Damascène yemeza ko Uwirebeye Egide ari umucuruzi w'urumogi wabigize umwuga.  Kuri Tuyambaze Eugene:  Urukiko rwasanze ibimenyetso bishingirwaho mu kumushinja icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi bishidikanywaho bityo ko nta kigaragaza ko icyo cyaha yagikoze.

Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso rwemeje ko Uwirebeye Egide na Habimana Antoine bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rubahanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw, ko Tuyambaze Eugene adahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rutegeka ko ahita arekurwa agataha, rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe runyagwa rugatwikwa.

[5] Habimana Antoine ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, ko atari azi ko ibyo yari atwaye ari urumogi, asaba kurenganurwa kuko nta cyaha yakoze. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanye buvuga ko impamvu za Habimana Antoine z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro kuko n’ubwo ahakana icyaha, yemera ko igikapu yafatanwe cyasanzwemo urumogi kandi ko ashinjwa na mugenzi we kuba yari azi ko atwaye urumogi muri icyo gikapu kandi ko arucuruza. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 01216/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 24/05/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze kuba Habimana Antoine yarabanje kuganira na Uwibereye Egide bigize gutegura umugambi wo gukora icyaha, kuba Habimana Antoine ariwe wari afite igikapu kandi ntagaragaze ko igikapu cyari gifunze ku buryo atari kubura gufungura ngo arebe ibyo atwaye, kuvuga ko atamenye ibyari mu gikapu ntabwo byamugirira akamaro kuko ari inshingano ze zo kumenya ibyo atwaye kuko ariwe wari ubifite. Rwasanze kandi Habimana Antoine mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yarivugiye ko yari azi ko ibyo yari atwaye byari urumogi kandi na mugenzi we muri uru rwego yavuze ko yari azi ko atwaye urumogi, ko rero kuba yarabyiyemereye nta gahato, kubihindura ageze mu rukiko ntacyo byamumarira, runavuga ko ibaruwa imushinjura Uwirebeye Egide yanditse, cyangwa se ibyo yavuze urubanza rugeze mu bujurire nta shingiro byahabwa. Bityo rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe budafite ishingiro, ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo, rugumishaho igihano igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000Frw yari yahawe mu rwego rubanza.

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[8] Habimana Antoine ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa Nº RPAA 00293/2023/CA iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 09/04/2024 ariko kuri uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa, rwimurirwa ku wa 13/09/2024, Habimana Antoine yunganiwe na na Me Manirafasha Jean Paul na Me Kagabo Théoneste naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Beatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire ndetse no mu miburanire yabo, Habimana Antoine n’abamwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyamara ibikorwa bigize icyo cyaha bituzuye nk’uko amategeko abiteganya. [10] Mbere yo kwiregura ku mpamvu z’ubujurire za Habimana Antoine, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi buvuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Habimana Antoine budakwiye kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko uregwa yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza ku mpamvu zimwe. [11] Ku birebana n’impamvu z’ubujurire, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rukemeza ko Habimana Antoine atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, rwabona ko ibibazo byose uregwa avuga ko yajuririye byamaze gufatwaho icyemezo kandi akaba nta kimenyetso kivuguruza ibyemejwe n’Urukiko nk’uko biteganya mu ngingo ya 1071 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [12] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ibibazo bikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari: Kumenya niba inzitizi y’Ubushinjacyaha isaba ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Habimana Antoine butakwakirwa kuko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza ku mpamvu zimwe ifite ishingiro; mu gihe iyo nzitizi itahabwa ishingiro hakazasuzumwa ibirebana kumenya niba Habimana Antoine yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ibikorwa bigize icyaha bituzuye nta n’ibimenyetso simusiga byashingiweho bikimushinja. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Kumenya niba Habimana Antoine yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ibikorwa bigize icyaha bituzuye nta n’ibimenyetso simusiga byashingiweho bikimushinja [13] Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi buvuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Habimana Antoine budakwiye kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko uregwa yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza ku mpamvu zimwe. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asobanura ko Habimana Antoine yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe kuko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye hasuzumwe ikibazo kirebana no kumenya niba yaratwaye urumogi azi ko ari urumogi, maze mu kugisubiza mu gika cya 25 kugeza ku gika cya 28 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rushingira ku kuba yarafatanywe urumogi udupfunyika 3000 no ku buhamya

1 Iteganya ko: iyo icyaha cyabonewe ibimenyetso bikigaragaza, ugikurikiranyweho cyangwa umwunganira ashobora kwerekana impamvu zose yireguza, zerekana ko ikirego kitakwemerwa, zihamya ko icyo aregwa atari icyaha cyangwa se ko ari umwere n’izindi mpamvu zose zivuguruza izimuhamya icyo cyaha. Uwajuriye akaba akwiye kugaragaza impamvu zigaragaza ko nta cyaha yakoze”.

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bw’uwo bareganwa Uwirebeye n’umumotari, naho mu Rukiko Rukuru, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko mu gika cya 21 kugera 24 n’icya 29 hasuzumwe ibirebana no kumenya niba Habimana Antoine yari azi ko ibyo yari atwaye ari urumogi, ndetse hashingiye ku buhamya bwa Uwirebeye n’umumotari, ko rero ibyemezo byafashe ari bimwe kuko byagaragaye ko yari azi ko atwwaye urumogi bityo rero ko urukiko rukwiye kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Antoine butakiriwe kubera ko yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [15] Me Manirafasha Jean Paul wunganira Habimana Antoine avuga ko uwo yunganira atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe kuko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye icyagiweho impaka ari ukumenya niba Habimana acuruza urumogi maze mu gika cya 25 hemezwa ko acuruza urumogi ndetse hanasuzumwa niba Uwirebeye yari aziranye na Habimana Antoine maze hemezwa ko bari bazirianye. Akomeza asobanura ko mu Rukiko Rukuru hasuzumwe niba ibigize icyaha bituzuye, hanasuzuma no kumenya niba Habimana Antoine arengana akwiye kurenganurwa maze hanzurwa ko Habimana ahamwa n’icyaha kuko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bwahawe ariko mu gika cya 26 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Habimana Antoine ahamywa icyaha kivugwa mu ngingo yose kuko mu gika cya 52 cy’urubanza rwo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye urukiko rwavuze ko Habimana Antoine ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi hashingiwe ku kuba Uwirebeye amushinja naho Urukiko Rukuru mu gika cya 26 ho Urukiko rwavuze ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge kandi bifite ibikorwa byinshi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko mu gika cyayo cya 2, ivuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite (kandi) ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, ikanarondora ibigomba kuzuzwa ngo ubwo bujurire bwakirwe. Mu gika cya gatatu ariko, yongeraho indi mpamvu igira iti:” Icyakora (kandi) ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa […] ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”. [17] Ku bijyanye n’ibisobanuro by’impamvu zimwe, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’uru Rukiko zihuriza ku kwemeza ko impamvu zimwe zivugwa muri iyi ngingo zigomba kumvikana nk’ibisobanuro buri rukiko rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo rugendeye ku byabaye no ku byo amategeko abiteganyaho, ko impamvu arizo zishingirwaho mu kagaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye urukiko rufata icyemezo, akaba ari nazo ziherwaho ababuranyi basuzuma niba imiburanire yabo yarasesenguwe n’Urukiko, bitewe n’uko buri cyemezo cy’urukiko kigomba kuba cyasobanuriwe impamvu2. [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasuzumye ikibazo nyamukuru cyo kumenya niba Habimana Antoine yari aziko agakapu yari atwaye karimo urumogi. Maze kuva mu gika cya 25 kugeza ku cya 28 by’urubanza N° RP 01578/2019/TGI/NYGE Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba Habimana Antoine yemera ko ariwe

2 Reba urubanza, N° RCOMAA 0038/16/CS-RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC hagati ya Bank of Kigali Ltd na MULISA KANA Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/4/2017, igika cya 21. Reba na none urubanza No RCOMAA 00010/2018/CA hagati ya Koperative Dukundumurimo (KOADU) na King Construction and Service Company Ltd (KICOSECA Ltd) rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2019, igika cya 12

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wafatanywe udupfunyika 3.000 tw’urumogi, imvugo y’umutangabuhamya Nshimiyimana Eric umwe mu bapolisi bamufashe wemeje ko akimufata yahise yemera ko yaruhawe na Uwibereye Egide, imvugo za Uwirebeye Egide amushinja ko ariwe wamuhaye urwo rumogi no kuba nta bisobanuro bitangwa na Habimana Antoine bigaragariza Urukiko uburyo yatwara umutwaro kuva Nyabihu kugera Kigali ataramenya ibintu atwaye, rwemeza ko Habimana Antoine ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi. [19] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza kandi ko mu rubanza no RPA 01216/2020/HC/KIG Urukiko Rukuru, rwasuzumye ibibazo bibiri aribyo: kumenya niba ibigize icyaha Habimana Antoine ashinjwa bituzuye no kumenya niba Habimana Antoine arengana akaba akwiye kurenganurwa. Maze mu gika cya 8 no kuva ku gika cya 20 kugeza ku cya 23 cy’urubanza Urukiko Rukuru rusanga kuba Habimana Antoine yarabanje kuganira na Uwibereye Egide bigize gutegura umugambi wo gukora icyaha, kuba Habimana Antoine ariwe wari afite igikapu kandi ntagaragaze ko igikapu cyari gifunze ku buryo atari gufungura ngo arebe ibyo atwaye, kuvuga ko atamenye ibyari mu gikapu ntabwo byamugirira akamaro kuko ari inshingano ze zo kumenya ibyo atwaye kuko ariwe wari ubifite. Rwasanze kandi Habimana Antoine mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yarivugiye ko yari azi ko ibyo yari atwaye byari urumogi kandi na mugenzi we muri uru rwego yavuze ko yari azi ko atwaye urumogi, ko rero kuba yarabyiyemereye nta gahato, kubihindura ageze mu rukiko ntacyo byamumarira, runavuga ko ibaruwa imushinjura Uwirebeye Egide yanditse, cyangwa se ibyo yavuze urubanza rugeze mu bujurire nta shingiro byahabwa. Bityo rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe budafite ishingiro, ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo, rugumishaho igihano igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000Frw yari yahawe mu rwego rubanza. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru mu rwego rwa mbere Habimana Antoine yaraburanye ku birebana no kumenya niba Habimana Antoine yari aziko agakapu yari atwaye karimo urumogi naho mu Rukiko Rukuru aburana ku kuba ibigize icyaha bituzuye ndetse no kumenya niba Habimana Antoine arengana akaba akwiye kurenganurwa, ibyo bikaba byumvikana ko ibyo inkiko zombi zasuzumye bitandukanye. Ku birebana n’ibisobanuro urukiko rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwahamije Habimana Antoine icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi rushingingiye ku kuba ariwe wafatanwe urwo rumogi, kuba hari abamushinja barimo uwo bareganwa n’uwamufashe ndetse no kuba atagaragaragaza uburyo yatwara umutwaro kuva Nyabihu kugera Kigali ataramenya ibintu atwaye. Naho Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku kuba Habimana antoine yari afite inshingano zo kumenya ibyo yari atwaye no ku mvugo ze yakoreye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemera ko yari azi ko atwaye urumogi, bityo bikaba byumvikana ko ibyo inkiko zombi zashingiyeho bitandukanye. [21] Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru impamvu zimwe zivugwa mu ngingo ya ya 52 y’Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko zigomba kumvikana nk’ibisobanuro buri rukiko rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo rugendeye ku byabaye no ku byo amategeko abiteganyaho, ko impamvu arizo zishingirwaho mu kagaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye urukiko rufata icyemezo, akaba ari nazo ziherwaho ababuranyi basuzuma niba imiburanire yabo yarasesenguwe n’Urukiko, bitewe n’uko buri cyemezo cy’urukiko kigomba kuba cyasobanuriwe impamvu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero bigaragara ko ibisobanuro Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 25 kugeza ku cya 28 by’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye bitandukanye n’ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho bigaragara mu gika cya 8 no kuva ku gika cya 20 kugeza ku cya 23

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cy’urubanza by’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko ibyaburanyweho mu nkiko zombi atari bimwe, ndetse n’ibyo inkiko zombi zashingiyeho mu kugera ku cyemezo zafashe atari bimwe. Bikaba rero byumvikana ko HABIAMANA Antoine atatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi ku mpamvu zimwe nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. Bityo inzitizi yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa HABIAMANA Antoine butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ikaba nta shingiro ifite. Kumenya niba Habimana Antoine yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ibikorwa bigize icyaha bituzuye nta n’ibimenyetso simusiga byashingiweho bikimushinja [22] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire ndetse no mu miburanire yabo, Habimana Antoine n’abamwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ibikorwa bigize icyo cyaha bituzuye nk’uko amategeko abiteganya. [23] Habimana Antoine n’abamwunganira, basobanura ko kuba Habimana Antoine yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi yari yahawe na Uwirebeye Egide ngo arumugereze ikigali ndetse agabwa Lift za Moto zitandukanye n’Abashoferi batandukanye kuva Rubavu kugera Nyabugogo bitagize icyaha kuko urumogi yafatanywe yari yaruhawe na Uwirebeye Egide ngo arumugereze i Kigali, ko rero atari gucuruza ibitari ibye. [24] Habimana Antoine n’abamwunganira bakomeza basobanura ko nta na hamwe Habimana yigeze yemera ko acuruza urumogi ahubwo ko icyo yemeye ari uko afatanwe igikapu kirimo urumogi, ko inyandikomvugo z’abamufashe zerekana ko n’ubwo yari atwaye igikapu ariko ibyari mu gikapu bitari ibye ndetse ko hari n’inyandiko Uwirebeye Egide yakoreye muri gereza yavuguruje ibyo yavuze mbere ndetse agaragaza ko yashinje Habimana agira ngo niwe wamutanze amushinja amwihimuraho. Ko rero ibigize icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi bituzuye, icyo Habimana yemera akaba ari uko yafatanwe urumogi ari nacyo cyitwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi nk’uko bivugwa mu ngingo ya 263 igika cya mbere, bivuze ko yagombaga guhanirwa gufatanwa aho kuba gucuruza. Asaba kurenganurwa no kugirwa umwere kuko atari azi ko ibyo atwaye ari urumogi ahubwo ko yabimenye ageze kwa Kabuga bamusaba gufungura igikapu basanga ari urumogi rurimo, ko nyuma yaho aribwo yemeye ko afatanwe igikapu kirimo urumogi. [25] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Habimana Antoine nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa kuko ibibazo byose avuga ko yajuririye byamaze gufatwaho icyemezo kandi akaba nta kimenyetso kivuguruza ibyemejwe n’Urukiko nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 1073 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [26] Naho ku birebana n’ibyo Habimana Antoine avuga ko nta gikorwa kigize gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge yakoze, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 23 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, umucamanza yasobanuye impamvu yamushyize mu bacuruza urumogi

3 Iteganya ko: iyo icyaha cyabonewe ibimenyetso bikigaragaza, ugikurikiranyweho cyangwa umwunganira ashobora kwerekana impamvu zose yireguza, zerekana ko ikirego kitakwemerwa, zihamya ko icyo aregwa atari icyaha cyangwa se ko ari umwere n’izindi mpamvu zose zivuguruza izimuhamya icyo cyaha. Uwajuriye akaba akwiye kugaragaza impamvu zigaragaza ko nta cyaha yakoze”.

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agaragaza ko yavanye urumogi Nyabihu udupfunyika 3000 afatirwa Nyabugogo bivuze ko yari yiteguye kuruha abaguzi n’ubwo atasanganywe abaguzi, ko ndetse umucamanza yagaragaje ko nta kimenyetso Habimana agaragaza cyerekana ko yavanye ikintu Nyabihu agera Nyabugaogo atazi ibyo atwaye, kandi ko hari n’ibindi bimenyetso byemeza ko ariwe wafatanwe urwo rumogi birimo Pv de saisie uregwa yashyizeho umukono, kuba ashinjwa na Motari wamutwaye ndetse n’umwe mu bamufashe. Naho kuba uwamushinje amushinjura bitahabwa agaciro kuko abazwa mbere yari yamushinje kandi nta gahato yari yashyizweho. [27] Ubushinjacya busaba ko hazarebwa icyaha yarezwe byatanzwe mu nyandiko itanga ikirego ari cyo “cyo gucuruza ibibyabwenge”, ariko ko hashingiwe ku ihame ry’uko urukiko rutaregerwa ibyaha ahubwo ruregerwa ibikorwa maze rukaba rwanahindura inyito y’ibyaha hashingiwe kuri “principe de qualifications successives”, busaba ko ubujurire bwe butahabwa ishingiro maze hakagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa dore ko nta kimenyetso kivuguruza ibyemejwe muri uru rubanza atanga mu bujurire bwa kabiri. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [28] Ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yashingirwagaho ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha”, naho agace ka 1° kacyo kagateganya ko “iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”4. [29] Ijambo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo rivugwa muri iyi ngingo ryasobanuwe mu rubanza No RPAA 00052/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 29/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwirengiye Franco, aho uru Rukiko rwagaragaje ko gutunda “bisobanuye gukura ikintu ahantu ukakijyana ahandi5”. [30] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya Habimana Antoine mu Bugenzacyaha yo ku wa 23/11/2019. Muri iyo nyandikomvugo Habimana Antoine yahakanye ko acuruza urumogi ariko yemera ko yafashwe arutwaye rupfunyitse mu masashe ariho na scotch rungana n’udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu (3000) tw’urumogi arukuye Nyabihu aruhawe na Uwirebeye Egide, amutegera moto imuzana Kigali, banyura Ngororero, bageze Muhanga bakora impanuka moto irapfa, Uwirebeye Egide amwoherereza indi yari itwawe na Tuyambaze Eugène, baraza bageze Nyabugogo ku Mashyirahamwe atangira guhamagara Uwirebeye Egide ngo amubwire ko bagezeyo, hahita haza abantu baramufata. Muri iyo nyandikomvugo kandi Habimana Antoine yemera ko ajya guhaguruka yari azi ko atwaye urumogi kuko Uwirebeye Egide yari yamwemereye igihembo kingana na 10.000 Frw. Uko kwemera ko yari azi ko atwaye urumogi kandi Habimana Antoine yakomeje kugushimangira ageze mu Bushinjacyaha yemeza ko

4 Iki gika cya 3 cy’ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko N° 068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange cyasimbujwe igika cya 3 cy’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. 5 Reba igika cyarwo cya 28

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uwamutumye ariwe Uwirebeye Egide yamuhaye udupfunyika 3000 tw’urumogi ngo arumujyanire i Kigali, anasobanura ko yari asanzwe azi neza ko gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ari icyaha ariko ko yabitewe n’ubukene abisabira imbabazi. [31] Dosiye igaragaza inyandikomvugo y’ifatira aho Habimana Antoine yemeye ko yafatanwe urumogi udupfunyika 3000. [32] Dosiye igaragaza inyandikomvugo ya Uwirebeye Egide abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha ku wa 27/11/2019. Muri iyo nyandikomvugo, Uwirebeye Egide asobanura ko Habimana Antoine yaranguye urumogi iwe arujyana i Kigali ndetse ko amaze kumuranguraho urumogi incuro ebyiri (2). [33] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 23 cy’urubanza No RPA 01216/2020/HC/KIG, rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwahamije Habimana Antoine icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi rushingiye ku kuba Habimana Antoine yaba yarafatanywe udupfunyika 3000 twurumogi aruvanye Nyabihu agafatirwa i Kigali Nyabugogo, ruvuga ko ibyo ubwabyo bimushyira mu bacuruzi b’urumogi, runavuga ko atari ngombwa ko asaganwa abaguzi, ko igihe cyose abifatanywe kandi bigaragara ko yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka kubigura, aba ari umucuruzi wabyo. [34] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga imiburanire ya Habimana Antoine n’abamwunganira icyo bahakana ari uko ibikorwa bigize icyaha bituzuye kuko yatwaye igikapu atazi ko harimo urumogi nta shingiro yahabwa kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabigaragaje kuba yaratwaye igikapu azi ko harimo urumogi yabyiyemereye haba imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha n’imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha anagaragaza ko Uwirebeye Egide yari yamwemereye igihembo kingana na 10.000 Frw ndetse anasobanura ko yabitwaye azi ko gutwara ibiyobyabwenge bihanirwa n’amategeko ariko ko yari yabitewe n’inzara anabisabira imbabazi avuga ko atazongera. [35] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero kuba Habimana Antoine yarakuye urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 3000 Nyabihu, akarugeze i Kigali Nyabugogo, kuba yarafatiwe mu cyuho aho yari arujyanye (élément materiel) kandi akaba yari azi ko icyo atwaye kibujijwe n’amategeko nk’uko nawe abyiyemerera, bigaragaza umugambi we wo gukora icyaha (élèment moral) kandi bikaba bigize ibikorwa bihanwa n’ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange(élément légal), ibyo bikaba byerekana ko ibikorwa bigize icyaha Habimana Antoine yakoze byuzuye. [36] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo inkiko zibanza zahamije Habimana Antoine icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ariko ntizigeze zigaragaza ibimenyetso byemeza ko yacuruzaga urumogi koko, ahubwo zashingiye ku ngano nini yafatanwe no kuba yari arukuye Nyabihu aruzana i Kigali Nyabugogo kandi nyamara ibyo ubwabyo bitagize icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, kuko zitagaragaje niba urwo rumogi niba ari urwa Habimana Antoine warufatanwe cyangwa ari urwa Uwirebeye Egide avuga wari wamutumye, bityo hakaba hari hakiri urujijo kumenya niba Habimana Antoine yari yaruranguye agiye kurucuruza nk’uko Uwirebeye Egide abimushinja cyangwa niba yari Habimana Antoine yari yarutwaje Uwirebeye Egide nk’uko abiburanisha. [37] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru ibikorwa Habimana Antoine yakoze ari ugukura udupfunyika 3000 tw’urumogi Nyabihu arugeza i Kigali Nyabugogo,

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ibyo bikorwa bikaba bihura n’ijambo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ryakoreshejwe mu itegeko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru risobanura gukura ibiyobyabwenge ahantu hamwe ubijyana ahandi hagamijwe kubikwirakwiza. Ibyo byumvikanisha rero ko uregwa yari akwiye guhanirwa gutunda ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo kuko byagaragaye ko yakuye ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo ahantu hamwe akabijyana ahandi agamije kubikwirakwiza; bityo kuba mu manza zabanje inkiko zaragaragaje ko Habimana Antoine yakuye ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo ahantu hamwe akabijyana ahandi bagamije kubikwirakwiza ariko rukabishingiraho rumuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byumvikana ko hakozwe ikosa mu kubahamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo kuko nta kimenyetso cyashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyo cyaha. Uru rukiko rero rukaba rusanga Habimana Antoine yari akwiye guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyo kubicuruza. [38] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo inkiko zibanza zakoze amakosa mu guhamya Habimana Antoine icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ariko ntacyo bihindura ku gihano yari yahawe kuko n’ubwo ibikorwa yakoze bitagize icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ariko bigize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kandi bihanwa kimwe. [39] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rurasanga Habimana Antoine ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi bityo igihano yari yahanishijwe mbere kikaba kidahindutse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [40] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Antoine bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [41] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza N˚ RPA 01216/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 24/05/2023, ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’icyaha uregwa yahamijwe; [42] Rwemeje ko Habimana Antoine ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge; [43] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000frw) Habimana Antoine yahanishijwe mbere kigumyeho; [44] Rutegetse ko Habimana Antoine asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.