UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00268/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00268/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 28 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye Habimana Emile bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni 30 Frw. Habimana yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko ibikapu by’urumogi yabihawe n’uwitwa Petero amubwira ko ari imyenda irimo amusaba kuyimugereza I Kayonza, asaba kurenganurwa. Urukiko rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni 20 Frw. Mu bujurire Habimana yemeye icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko Rukuru, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 5.250.000Frw. Habimana yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko atakambira urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano biruseho agahabwa ibiri munsi y’imyaka 8, kuko icyo yahanishijwe gikabije kuremera kandi ko yagororotse bihagije, asaba no gukurirwaho n’ihazabu kuko iyo yaciwe ntaho yayikura. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, ndetse ahabwa igikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba Habimana Emile ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu iri hagati ya 20.000.000Frw na 30.000.000Frw, ntashobora guhanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka 8 habe no kuvanirwaho ihazabu nk’uko abyifuza kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) n’agace ka (d), y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko mu kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu kubera impamvu nyoroshya, umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 mu gihe igihano cy’ihazabu kidashobora kujya munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu yateganyirijwe icyaha bireba. 2. Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 49; Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha v Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014; RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; RPAA 00355/2023/CA, Ubushinjcyaha v Twizeyimana Anastase, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 01/03/2021, Habimana Emile ari mu Mudugudu wa Bwiza, Akagari ka Rurambi, Umurenge wa Nyamirama, Akarere ka Kayonza, Intara y’Iburasirazuba yafashwe ari kuri moto, ahetse ibikapu bibiri byuzuye urumogi aruvanye Kabare arujyanye Kayonza. [2] Mu ibazwa rye imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha, Habimana yasobanuye ko urumogi yafatanywe yari yaruhawe n’uwitwa Petero warumuhaye amubwira ko ari imyenda akura mu rugabano rwa Kabare ayijyana Kayonza, bakaba bari bumvikanye igiciro cy’ubwikorezi kingana n’amafaranga 10.000, ko yari yamuhaye numero ya telefoni y’umuntu wagombaga kwakira ibi bikapu, ko nawe yatunguwe afashwe na polisi bagasanga ari urumogi rurimo, ko kandi uwamuhaye ubu butumwa yafashwe bakamusangana urundi rumogi, asaba kurenganurwa kuko nta bushake yagize bwo gutunda urumogi. [3] Nyuma y’Iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000frw). Habimana yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko ibikapu yabihawe n’uwitwa Petero amubwira ko ari imyenda irimo amusaba kuyimugereza Ikayonza, asaba kurenganurwa. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00337/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe kuwa 13/04/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwemeje ko Habimana Emile ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000frw). Rwashingiye icyemezo cyarwo ku kuba Habimana yemera ko yatanwe urumogi aruvana iKabare arujyana iKayonza no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja. [5] Habimana Emile yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yiyemeje kuvugisha ukuri, ko yemera icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yasubije avuga ko, nubwo Habimana Emile yagabanyirijwe

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ibihano ku rwego rwa mbere, ntacyabuza ko yongera kugabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku Itegeko nº 059/2023 kuko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha kandi akaba acyemera. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00618/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe kuwa 21/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zo kuba Habimana Emile ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha no kuba nta yindi myitwarire ye idasanzwe igaragazwa n’ubushinjacyaha, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Emile bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’ibihano gusa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu magana abiri na mirongo itanu (5.250.000Frw). [7] Habimana Emile yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri nº RPAA 00268/2024/CA ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 16/1/2025, yunganiwe na Me Rugeyo Jean naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, Habimana Emile avuga ko yajuriye agamije gutakambira urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano biruseho kuko icyo yahanishijwe gikabije kuremera kandi ko yagororotse bihagije, asaba no gukurirwaho n’ihazabu kuko iyo yaciwe ntaho yayikura. [9] Me Rugeyo Jean avuga ko nubwo uwo yunganira yagabanyirijwe ibihano, ko nta cyabuza umucamanza kwongera kumugabanyiriza bihagije ashingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [10] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Ubujurire bwa Habimana Emile bugamije kwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, ndetse ahabwa igikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze, ko hakurikizwa umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciye ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, aho rwemeje ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ubusabe bwa Habimana Emile bwo kwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA  Kumenya niba Habimana Emile yakwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [12] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Habimana Emile avuga ko yajuriye agamije gutakambira urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano biruseho kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 8 kuko icyo yahanishijwe gikabije kuremera nyamara kandi yaragororotse bihagije. Asaba no gukurirwaho n’ihazabu kuko iyo yaciwe ntaho yayikura kuko ari mu bukene bukabije buturuka ku kuba afunzwe. Me Rugeyo Jean avuga ko, nubwo uwo yunganira yagabanyirijwe ibihano, ko ariko ntacyabuza umucamanza kumugabanyiriza ku buryo buruseho hashingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko no ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya

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ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, bityo akaba yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ari nacyo gito gishoboka giteganyirizwa icyaha ashinjwa. [13] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Ubujurire bwa Habimana Emile nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, ko igabanyagihano yamaze kurihabwa kandi ku buryo buhagije bityo hakurikizwa umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, aho rwemeje ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe1. [14] Bukomeza buvuga ko Habimana Emile n’umwunganizi we batagaragaza niba urukiko Rukuru rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano kijuririrwa, kuko kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano bishoboka gusa igihe igihano yahawe kitajyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 492 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange3. Ku birebana n’ihazabu ushinjwa asaba kuvanirwaho, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bidakwiye ko ikurwaho kuko ari igihano giteganywa n’amategeko, ibyo kuvuga ko nta bushobozi yabona bikaba bitabuza itegeko gukurikizwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza N°RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange4, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano5. [16] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko n° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyangwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ahanishwa igifungo cya

1 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR) 2 iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’ 3 Reba rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254 4 Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye 5 Urubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254.

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burundu no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga atari munsi ya 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [17] Ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko: « Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 …, (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane ( ¼) cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe ». [18] Ku birebana na Habimana Emile waburanye ku rwego rwa mbere ahakana icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, yahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000frw). Ku rwego rw’ubujurire, Habimana Emile yahisemo kwemera icyaha no gusaba imbabazi, Urukiko rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko ku buryo buzwi no kuba Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryaravuguruye uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 5.25000.000. [19] Kuri uru rwego, Habimana Emile arasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 8 no kuvanirwaho igihano cy’ihazabu, ariko akaba aterekana Itegeko cyangwa urubanza rwaciwe bishyigikira icyifuzo cye. [20] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Habimana Emile ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu iri hagati ya 20.000.000Frw na 30.000.000Frw, uyu adashobora guhanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka 8 habe no kuvanirwaho ihazabu nk’uko abyifuza kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) n’agace ka (d), y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko mu kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu kubera impamvu nyoroshya, umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 mu gihe igihano cy’ihazabu kidashobora kujya munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu yateganyirijwe icyaha bireba. [21] Urukiko rurasanga, ubusabe bwa Me Rugeyo Jean bw’uko Habimana Emile yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku myaka 15 bukwiye gusuzumirwa hamwe n’imiburanire yaranze ushinjwa, aho uyu yafashwe ahakana icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kugeza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, icyaha akaba yaracyemereye mu bujurire ndetse ubusabe bwe bugahabwa ishingiro, aho yavanywe ku gifungo cya burundu kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 16 naho ihazabu ikaba yaravanywe ku mafaranga 20.000.000 kugeza ku mafaranga 5.250.000. [22] Urukiko rurasanga, uretse ibirebana n’imiburanire yaranze Habimana Emile, imihanire ye igomba nanone gushyira mu gaciro ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge ashinjwa gutunda, uyu akaba yarafashwe atunda ingano nini y’urumogi (imifuka 2). [23] Urukiko rurasanga imihanire ya Habimana Emile wahamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye (imifuka 2 y’urumogi), akaba yaraburanye ku rwego rwa mbere ahakana icyaha, igomba gusanishwa n’imanza zihuje kamere haba ku mikorere y’icyaha no ku miburanire y’ushinjwa. Rurasanga rumwe mu manza ziherutse gucibwa n’uru Rukiko ari urubanza

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Nº RPAA 00355/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjcyaha na Twizeyimana Anastase, uyu akaba yarafashwe acuruza udupfunyika 129 tw’urumogi, nawe akaba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha nubwo hari ibimenyetso bihamye bikimushinja, uru Rukiko rukaba rwaramuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 5.000.000. [24] Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu kumugenera igihano kivuzwe haruguru kuko rwemeje kugabanyiriza Habimana Emile ibihano ku buryo buhagije, kabone n’ubwo yari yahisemo guhakana icyaha aregwa, Urukiko rukaba rudashobora guhindura icyemezo yafatiwe mu gihe nta kosa rubonye mu rubanza rujuririrwa nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza N°RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara rwavuzwe haruguru, aho rwemeje ko umucamanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire adashobora guhindura icyemezo cyajuririwe atabanje kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. [25] Urukiko rurasanga ibivuzwe haruguru bihuza n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, aho rwemeje ko uregwa atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe6. [26] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi amganabiri na mirongo itanu (5.250.000 frw ) Habimana Emile yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, aricyo gihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze bwo gutunda ibikapu 2 byuzuye urumogi. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Emile nta shingiro bufite. [28] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n˚RPA00533/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuwa 21/03/2024, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [29] Rwemeje ko Habimana Emile agumishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu n’ibihumbi maganabiri na mirongo itanu (5.250.000frw) kubw’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. [30] Rutegetse ko Habimana Emile asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

6 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V. 2, Ukwakira 2014. p.127