UBUSHINJACYAHA vs HABIMANA [

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs HABIMANA [

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA00539/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs HABIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00539/2022/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 28 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko mpanabyaha – Ibihano – Ubujurire – kugabanyirizwa igihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zaccyo, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye ubushinjacyaha burega Habimana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba urukiko kwemeza ko icyo cyaha kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25.000.000Frw). Habimana yaburanye yemera icyaha akurikiranyweho, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha. Urukiko mu rubanza RP00680/2020/TGI/MHG rushingiye ku mvugo z’uregwa, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono, rwemeje ko icyaha aregwa kimuhama rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Habimana yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko Urukiko rumuhanisha igihano kinini, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ibyo asaba yabihawe kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yagabanyirijwe; ko ariko kuba akomeje kwicuza, yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri (20). Urukiko mu rubanza RPA00798/2020/HC/NYZ, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00413/2022/CA, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Habimana bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku birebana n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.0000Frw). Habimana yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko rwamugabanyiriza igihano kuko icyo yahawe ari kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga impamvu uregwa yashingiyeho ajurira, zifite ishingiro ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo gusa, buvuga ko bityo igihano yahawe cyagabanywa, agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), buvuga ko ihazabu yaciwe yo itakongera kugabanywa. Ufrukiko mu rubanza RPAA00291/2024/CA, rushingiye ku kuba uregwa yaremeye icyaha kuva mu ntangiriro z’urubanza kugeza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu Nkiko mu buryo buzwi, rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) ihazabu ntiyahinduka. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zaccyo, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 2 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Urubanza RPAA00035/2023/CA-CMB RPAA 00036/2023/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uyisabye Eric na Manishimwe Claver, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024 Urubanza RPAA00266/2023/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngirimana Jean Pierre, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciwe ku wa 27/12/2024 Urubanza RPAA00089/2023/CA- CMB RPAA 00120/2023/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Murwanashyaka Serge na mugenzi we, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/12/2024 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 15/07/2020, Habimana Gérard ari mu Mudugudu wa Rwintama, Akagari ka Nyarurama, mu murenge wa Ntongwe, yafashwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Nyarurama n’abandi bari kumwe nawe, bamusangana udupfunyika 280 tw’urumogi, bamushyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba urukiko kwemeza ko icyo cyaha kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25.000.000Frw). [3] Habimana Gérard yaburanye yemera icyaha akurikiranyweho, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, anavuga ko atazongera kugikora. [4] Mu rubanza RP00680/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 06/08/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rushingiye ku mvugo z’uregwa yavugiye imbere y’urukiko ko yemera ko yafatanywe udupfunyika 280 tw’urumogi, kandi ko yari asanzwe arucuruza, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya Kwizera Josué na Habimana Athanase no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono, rwemeje ko icyaha aregwa cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [5] Habimana Gérard yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko Urukiko rumuhanisha igihano kinini, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko atigeze arushya ubutabera. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ibyo asaba yabihawe kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yagabanyirijwe; ko ariko kuba akomeje kwicuza no gutakamba, yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri (20). [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00798/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00413/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/02/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twizerimana, rwasanze nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije birebewe hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Gérard bufite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza RP00680/2020/TGI/MHG

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rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ku wa 06/08/2020 ihindutse ku birebana n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.0000Frw). [7] Habimana Gérard yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA00291/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku itariki ya 10/08/2024, Habimana Gérard yunganiwe na Me Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Habimana Gérard n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye kugirango asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahawe ari kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, kandi akaba yaragororotse. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga impamvu uregwa yashingiyeho ajurira, zifite ishingiro ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo gusa, bityo igihano yahawe cyo gufungwa imyaka (17) kikaba cyakongera kugabanywa kikajya ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ariko ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw yo ikaba itakongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka umushingamategeko yateganije igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [10] Izo mpaka zigaragaza ko ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo kumenya niba igihano Habimana Gérard yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano HABIMANA Gérard yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [11] Habimana Gérard n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye asaba ko igihano yahanishijwe cyongera kugabanywa kubera ko ari kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, akaba aribwo bwa mbere yari aguye mu cyaha kandi akaba yaragororotse. Basaba ko izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashingirwaho, akagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu Habimana Gérard yashingiyeho ajurira zifite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17), akaba nawe asanga icyo gihano yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa kikajya ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15) hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, kuko ibisabwa kugira ngo igihano kigabanywe abyujuje, ko ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) yategetswe gutanga yo itagabanywa, kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka umushingamategeko yateganyije igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: (1o) igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [14] Ku byerekeranye no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa

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30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu buryo bukurikira : “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (…), (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [15] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1 , ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano2 . Uyu murongo ukaba waragendeweho mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka harimo RPAA00035/2023/CA-CMB RPAA00036/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uyisabye Eric na Manishimwe Claver. [16] Mu bika bikurikiye, Urukiko rurasuzuma niba mu kugena igihano Habimana Gérard yahanishijwe, Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo. [17] Dosiye igaragaza ko kuva afatwa Habimana Gérard yemeye icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, akanemera ko yafatanwe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 280 yacuruzaga, akomeza kucyemera aburana ku rwego rwa mbere, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Mu bujurire bwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza yasabye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha. [18] Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’imikirize y’urubanza RPA00798/2020/HC/NYZ, mu kumenya niba Habimana Gerard yagabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwifashishije umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00413/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twizerimana. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukaba rutaragabanyirije Twizerimana igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi yakoze mu bujurire, kuko atabikoze bitarenze iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere; ahubwo mu kumugabanyiriza igihano rushingira ku zindi mpamvu zirimo ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe (udupfunyika 503) no kuba aribwo bwa mbere ahamijwe icyaha n’inkiko, n’uko nta zindi mpamvu zagaragajwe zongera ububi bw’icyaha; rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.0000Frw. Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye kuri urwo rubanza, ruhanisha Habimana Gérard igihano nk’icya Twizerimana. [19] N’ubwo bigaragara ko Habimana Gérard yagabanyirijwe igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.0000Frw, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga umurongo washingiweho uboneka mu rubanza RPAA00413/2022/CA, udahura neza n’uru rubanza kuko muri urwo rubanza Twizerimana yemeye icyaha mu bujurire, akaba yaranafatanwe ingano nini y’urumogi udupfunyika 503 ugereranyije n’urumogi Habimana Gérard yafatanwe rungana n’udupfunyika 280 kandi kuva afatwa we yemeye icyaha, akomeza kucyemera aburana ku rwego rwa mbere. Ibi bikaba bivuze ko Urukiko Rukuru,

1Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye uregwa agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. 2 Urubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254.

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urugereko rwa Nyanza rwagombaga kwita kuri iryo tandukanirizo riri mu manza zombi, Habimana Gérard agahabwa igihano cy’igifungo kiri munsi y’icyahawe Twizerimana. [20] Mu manza ziheruka gucibwa n’uru Rukiko ku bantu bahamijwe icyaha nk’icyo Habimana Gérard yahamijwe baranafatanwe ingano nini y’urumogi, harimo nk’urubanza RPAA00266/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngirimana Jean Pierre. Uyu yafatanwe udupfunyika 720 tw’urumogi, yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashingiweho agabanyirizwa igihano ni iy’uko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko. Hari kandi n’urubanza RPAA00089/2023/CA- CMB RPAA 00120/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Murwanashyaka Serge na mugenzi we. Muri urwo rubanza Murwanashyaka Serge yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw kubera gufatanwa udupfunyika 88 na ½ kg cy’urumogi rwiganjemo imbuto; impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashingiweho agabanyirizwa igihano ni uko bwari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha mu buryo buzwi no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha kuva bagifatwa. [21] Nk’uko izo manza zibigaragaza, abaregwa bagabanyirijwe igihano bahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw kubera ko baburanye bemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere bakurikiranyweho icyaha, kandi bafatanywe ingano nini y’urumogi, isumbye iyo Habimana Gerard yafatangwe ingana n’udupfunyika 280. [22] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, uru Rukiko rusanga kuba Habimana Gérard nawe yaremeye icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kuva afatwa, akomeza kucyemera aburana mu nkiko, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi, no kuba urumogi yafatanwe atari rwinshi cyane kuko rungana n’udupfunyika 280, agomba kugabanyirizwa igifungo cy’imyaka 17 yahanishinjwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Gérard bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [24] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA00798/2020/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 04/04/2024 ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano cy’igifungo; [25] Ruhanishije Habimana Gérard igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000); [26] Rutegetse ko asonerwa gutanga amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunzwe.