HABIMANA HASSAN vs JALI TRANSPORT Ltd

# HABIMANA HASSAN vs JALI TRANSPORT Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-24 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00011/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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HABIMANA HASSAN vs JALI TRANSPORT Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00011/2023/CA (Munyangeri, P.J., Kamere na Ngagi J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko yerekeye y’imiburanishirize – ubujurire – imbibi z’icyajuririwe – Urubanza rw’ubujurire ruburanishwa gusa mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe, rugashobora kwagurwa gusa cyangwa kujya hanze y’imbago zacyo iyo ibyo biburanwa mu bujurire hari icyo byahungabanya ku nyungu z’umwe cyangwa bamwe mu ruhande ruhanganye n’uwajuriye. Amategeko agenga amasezerano – amasezerano y’umurimo – ingingo y’amasezerabo iteye urujijo – Iyo ingingo y’amasezerano y’akazi iteye urujijo ku bijyanye n’umushahara umukozi agomba guhembwa, igomba gusobanurwa mu nyungu z’umukozi mu gihe umukoresha adafite ibimenyetso bishimangira ibyo avuga Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – ubujurire – ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi – Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bugomba kuba bufitanye isano itaziguye n’ikirego cy’ubujurire Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Habimana Hassan arega Jali Transport Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba indishyi zikomoka ku kwirukanwa nta mpamvu, indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko nta nteguza ahawe, adahawe ikiruhuko, adasubijwe amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara akaba ataranatangiwe imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi muri RSSB, asaba no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ayigihembo cya Avoka. Jali Transport Ltd yireguye ivuga ko mu mikorere ye, Habimana Hassan yaranzwe no gutera igihombo gikomeye Jali Transport Ltd, aho yagiye atwara abagenzi batishyuye ikiguzi cy’urugendo. abagenzi bakaba barayamuhaga mu ntoki akayashyira ku mufuka we. Ivuga ko kubera izo mpamvu yahisemo gusesa amasezerano kandi ko yabikoze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Urukiko mu rubanza RSOC00144/2020/TGI/NYGE rushingiye ku ngingo ya 26 n’iya 27 z’Itegeko N˚ 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N˚ 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ku ngingo ya 12, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, no ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N˚ 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, rwemeje ko: Ikirego cya Habimana Hassan gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; rutegeka Jali Transport Ltd kumuha indishyi zitandukanye. Jali Transport Ltd yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, isaba gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaragombaga kuyitegeka guha Habimanahassan indishyi z’ikinyuranyo ku mushahara wakaswe zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo ine na magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu n’umunani (240,768 Frw) n’inyungu zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitatu na magana atatu na mirongo itatu n’umunani (43,338Frw), no gusuzuma niba rwaragombaga kuyitegeka guha Habimana Hassan indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka. Habimana Hassan yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba Urukiko gusuzuma no kwemeza ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwirengagije ibimenyetso n’ibisobanuro yatanze bigaragaza ko yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Urukiko mu rubanza RSOCA00260/2021/HC/KIG, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 12 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeje ko, ubujurire bwa Jali Transport Ltd bufite ishingiro; imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse; ko Habimana yishyura Jali Transport Ltd indishyi zitandukanye.

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Habimana Hassan yanditse asaba ko urubanza RSOCA00260/2021/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo n˚ 148/CJ/2023 cyo ku wa 19/10/2023, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko rusubirwamo, rukazaburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Habimana Hassan avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutasuzumye ubujurire yatanze bwuririye ku bwa Jali Transport Ltd ndetse ko rwirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso bijyanye n’amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara we, bituma arengana. Asaba n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Jali Transport Ltd yireguye ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko Habimana Hassan yirukanwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ntiyabijuririra, bityo ko bitajya mu bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa, kubera ko Jali Transport Ltd yo yari yajuririye indishyi yari yategetswe gutanga. Nayo isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00011/2023/CA rwemeje ko ikirego cya Habimana Hassan gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko yishyurwa n’amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara we n’inyungu zayo ariko ko nta kosa Urukiko rukuru rwakoze mu kudasuzuma ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi kuko yaratanze ikirego gishya kidafite aho gihuriye n’ubujurire bwa Jali Transport Ltd. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Urubanza rw’ubujurire ruburanishwa gusa mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe, rugashobora kwagurwa gusa cyangwa kujya hanze y’imbago zacyo iyo ibyo biburanwa mu bujurire hari icyo byahungabanya ku nyungu z’umwe cyangwa bamwe mu ruhande ruhanganye n’uwajuriye. 2. Iyo ingingo y’amasezerano y’akazi iteye urujijo ku bijyanye n’umushahara umukozi agomba guhembwa, igomba gusobanurwa mu nyungu z’umukozi mu gihe umukoresha adafite ibimenyetso bishimangira ibyo avuga. Bityo, kuba ingingo y’amasezezerano ivuga ko azajya akora iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) agahabwa n’ikiruhuko cy’iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) gihemberwa, ahandi ikavuga ko ahemberwa iminsi yakoze gusa, biteye urujijo rutuma umukozi ahembwa umushara wose mbumbe uteganyijwe mu masezerano, aho guhemberwa iminsi yakoze. 3. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bugomba kuba bufitanye isano itaziguye n’ikirego cy’ubujurire. Bityo, umukoresha ujuriye asaba ko amafaranga yaciwe n’Urukiko yagombaga guha umukozi yakurwaho, umukozi nawe agatanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba ko Urukiko rusuzuma ko yarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kiba ari ikirego gishya kitagomba kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kuko kigomba kujuririrwa ukwacyo. Gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane bifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya12, 111, 152,153,155 Itegeko No 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 4 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCOMAA00114/2022/CA haburana NFCS Ltd, NEXTGEN DEVELOPERS Ltd na Gasirikare Evariste, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/09/2023, Urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00010/2022/CA, haburana Mukandayisenga Gentille na Unguka BANK Plc, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/11/2023. Urubanza.

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Habimana Hassan avuga ko yakoreye Jali Transport Ltd nk’umushoferi w’imodoka itwara abagenzi mu Mujyi wa Kigali kuva ku wa 31/01/2018 kugeza ku wa 22/03/2019. Asobanura ko ubwo yari mu kazi, abantu binjiye mu modoka babyigana bava Nyabyondo bajya Kigali-Nyabugogo, muri ako kavuyo hinjiramo umugenzuzi amutunguye ahita amusaba kwandika ibaruwa atanga ibisobanuro by’uko ibintu byagenze kugira ngo abe atwaye abantu batishyuye ; ku wa 22/03/2019, ageze muri gare ya Nyabugogo, bamwaka imodoka na we ahita ataha. [2] Ibyo byatumye Habimana Hassan ashyikiriza ikibazo cye umugenzuzi w’umurimo agira ngo abumvikanishe ahabwe indishyi, ariko birangira ubwumvikane butagezweho, niko kuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba indishyi zikomoka ku kwirukanwa nta mpamvu, indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko nta nteguza ahawe, adahawe ikiruhuko, adasubijwe amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara akaba ataranatangiwe imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi muri RSSB, asaba no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ayigihembo cya Avoka. [3] Uhagarariye Jali Transport Ltd yireguye avuga ko mu mikorere ye, Habimana Hassan yaranzwe no gutera igihombo gikomeye Jali Transport Ltd, aho yagiye afatwa atwaye abagenzi batishyuye ikiguzi cy’urugendo nk’uko byateganyijwe ko bagomba kwishyura hakoreshejwe ikarita yabugenewe yitwa Tap & Go, ahubwo abagenzi bakaba barayamuhaga mu ntoki akayashyira ku mufuka we, ko rero imaze kubona ko amakosa Habimana Hassan yakoraga akomeye kandi biyigiraho ingaruka zo kugwa mu gihombo, yahisemo gusesa amasezerano kandi ko yabikoze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [4] Mu rubanza RSOC00144/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 27/09/2021, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 26 n’iya 27 z’Itegeko N˚ 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N˚ 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ku ngingo ya 12, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, no ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N˚ 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, rwemeje ko: Ikirego cya Habimana Hassan gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe ; Jali Transport Ltd imuha amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara angana n’ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo ine na magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu n’umunani (240,768Frw) mu mezi icyenda n’inyungu zayo zibariwe kuri 18% zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitatu na magana atatu na mirongo itatu n’umunani (43,338Frw), yose hamwe akaba amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo inani na bine n’ijana n’atandatu (284,106Frw); Jali Transport Ltd iha Habimana Hassan amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20,000Frw) y’amagarama y’urubanza. [5] Jali Transport Ltd yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, isaba gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaragombaga kuyitegeka guha Habimana Hassan indishyi z’ikinyuranyo ku mushahara wakaswe zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo ine na magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu n’umunani (240,768Frw) n’inyungu zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitatu na magana atatu na mirongo itatu n’umunani (43,338Frw), no gusuzuma niba rwaragombaga kuyitegeka guha Habimana Hassan indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka kingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw).

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[6] Habimana Hassan yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba Urukiko gusuzuma no kwemeza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwirengagije ibimenyetso n’ibisobanuro yatanze bigaragaza ko yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [7] Mu rubanza RSOCA00260/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/05/2023, urwo rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 12 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeje ko: Ubujurire bwa Jali Transport Ltd bufite ishingiro ; Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ; Habimana Hassan yishyura Jali Transport Ltd amafaranga ibihumbi magana inani na mirongo ine (840,000Frw) akubiyemo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’amagarama y’urubanza ; [8] Habimana Hassan yanditse asaba ko urubanza RSOCA00260/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/05/2023 rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo n˚ 148/CJ/2023 cyo ku wa 19/10/2023, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rukazaburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Urwo rubanza rwanditswe kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00011/2023/CA, maze nyuma y’imihango ntegurarubanza yose, hemezwa ko ruzaburanishwa ku wa 02/10/2024, uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa kubera izindi gahunda z’urukiko, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 06/11/2024. [9] Uwo munsi ababuranyi bose baritabye, Habimana Hassan ahagarariwe na Me Mukagasana Clothilde, Jali Transport Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Sebukonoke Innocent. Uhagarariye Habimana Hassan yasobanuriye Urukiko ko uwo ahagarariye atigeze ajuririra ikibazo cy’imisanzu ya RSSB mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba ko kivanwa mu byo uru Rukiko rugomba gusuzuma. [10] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, uhagarariye Habimana Hassan avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutasuzumye ubujurire uwo ahagarariye yatanze bwuririye ku bwa Jali Transport Ltd ndetse ko rwirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso bijyanye n’amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara we, bituma arengana. Asoza asaba ko uwo ahagarariye ahabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [11] Uhagarariye Jali Transport Ltd yireguye avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko Habimana Hassan yirukanwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ntiyabijuririra, bityo ko bitajya mu bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa, kubera ko Jali Transport Ltd yo yari yajuririye indishyi yari yategetswe gutanga. Asoza asaba ko sosiyete ahagarariye ihabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [12] Nyuma y’izo mpaka, Urukiko rurasanga hagomba gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira : Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Habimana Hassan bwuririye ku bwa Jali Transport Ltd burebana no kuba yarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko bwaragombaga kwakirwa bugasuzumwa ; Kumenya niba Habimana Hassan yarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ; Kumenya niba Habimana Hassan yahabwa indishyi zo kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ; Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ibimenyetso birebana n’amafaranga Habimana Hassan yakaswe ku mushahara ; Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa HABIMANA Hassan bwuririye ku bwa JALI TRANSPORT Ltd burebana no kuba yarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko bwaragombaga kwakirwa bugasuzumwa [13] Uhagarariye Jali Transport Ltd yireguye asaba Urukiko gusuzuma niba kuba Habimana Hassan yaratanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bwa sosiyete ahagarariye yari yemerewe gutanga ingingo z’ubujurire yishakiye zidafitanye isano n’izatanzwe na Jali Transport Ltd kandi ataratanze ubujurire bw’iremezo, mu gihe Jali Transport Ltd yo yari yajuririye indishyi yari yategetswe gutanga zonyine. [14] Uhagarariye Habimana Hassan avuga ko uwo ahagarariye yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bwa Jali Transport Ltd burebana no kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kubera ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rwemeje ko Habimana Hassan yirukanwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Uko Urukiko rubibona [15] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba umuburanyi utarebwa n’impamvu z’ubujurire yemerewe gutanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi ashingiye gusa ku kuba itegeko riteganya ko uwabaye umuburanyi wese mu rubanza rujuririrwa aruhamagazwamo kugira ngo arengere inyungu ze. [16] Ingingo ya 152 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : “Uregwa mu rukiko rujuririrwa ashobora na we kugira ibyo asaba yiregura. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bukorwa n’uwarezwe mu bujurire bwerekeye ku wajuriye cyangwa ku bandi barezwe mu bujurire.” [17] Ingingo ya 155 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 rimaze kuvugwa iteganya ko” Ikirego cy’ubujurire cyakiriwe gituma ikibazo gisubira uko cyari kimeze mbere y’uko gicibwaho urubanza rujuririrwa, ariko ku ngingo zajuririwe gusa. Naho ingingo ya 153 yaryo ikongeraho ko” Iyo bamwe mu baburanyi bajuriye abandi ntibajurire, ntibibuza ko bose bahamagarwa mu rubanza rw’ubujurire. Muri icyo gihe bashobora gusaba ijambo bagamije kurengera inyungu zabo. Bashobora kandi kuririra ku bujurire bakagira ibyo basaba kimwe n’uko bashobora gutakaza bimwe mu byo bari baragenewe mu rubanza rwajuririwe.” [18] Impaka nk’izi zafashweho umurongo mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi RCOMAA00114/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/09/2023, haburana NFCS Ltd, NEXTGEN DEVELOPERS Ltd na Gasirikare Evariste. Mu gika cya 11, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko urubanza rw’ubujurire ruburanishwa gusa mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe, rugashobora kwagurwa gusa cyangwa kujya hanze y’imbago zacyo iyo ibyo biburanwa mu bujurire hari icyo byahungabanya ku nyungu z’umwe cyangwa bamwe mu ruhande ruhanganye n’uwajuriye. Ko icyo gihe gusa ari bwo uwahamagajwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa ariko atarajuriye nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 153 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ashobora kugira icyo asaba urukiko. [19] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu rubanza RSOCA00260/2021/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Jali Transport Ltd yari yajuriye isaba Urukiko Rukuru gusuzuma niba yaragombaga gutegekwa guha Habimana Hassan indishyi z’ikinyuranyo cy’imishahara, inyungu z’icyo kinyuranyo n’igihembo cya Avoka. [20] Habimana Hassan yuririye kuri ubwo bujurire bwa Jali Transport Ltd asaba Urukiko Rukuru kwemeza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwirengagije ibimenyetso n’ibisobanuro bigaragaza ko yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, no kubihererwa indishyi, ariko Urukiko Rukuru ntirwasubiza ibyo bibazo byombi.

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[21] Hashingiwe ku kuba icyo Jali Transport Ltd yajuririye ari ikibazo kirebana n’amafaranga y’ikinyuranyo cy’imishahara, inyungu zayo n’igihembo cya Avoka yategetswe gutanga, Habimana Hassan akazana ingingo nshya y’ubujurire iterekeranye n’ubujurire bwa Jali Transport Ltd kandi bigaragara ko yakagombye kuba yarayijuririye mu buryo no mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, uru Rukiko rurasanga ingingo y’ubujurire Habimana Hassan yatanze irebana no kumenya niba yarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko avuga ko ari ubujurire bwuririye ku bwa Jali Transport Ltd, Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kuyakira ngo ruyisuzume. [22] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’amategeko yagaragajwe haruguru ndetse n’urubanza rwatanze umurongo, n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rutasubije ku ngingo y’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi Habimana Hassan yari yatanze, uru Rukiko rurasanga iyo ngingo itaragombaga kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe. Kumenya niba HABIMANA Hassan yarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko [23] Uhagarariye Habimana Hassan yasobanuye ko uwari umuyobozi w’igice Habimana Hassan yakoreragamo yasanze abagenzi barimo kwinjira mu modoka badakojejeho amakarita yagenewe gukoreshwa mu kwishyura ikiguze cy’urugendo, uwo ahagarariye akaba ataramenye uburyo binjiyemo, ngo uwo muyobozi amusaba gushyira ibyabaye mu nyandiko nibwo yandikaga, ageze muri gare bahita bamwambura imfunguzo z’imodoka baziha undi mushoferi wo kumusimbura. Avuga ko kuba Habimana Hassan yarahawe ibaruwa imusezerera ku kazi atabanje kubonana n’umuyobozi wa Jali Transport Ltd nyamara biteganywa n’ingingo ya 16 y’amasezerano y’umurimo bagiranye, ari yo mpamvu hafatwa ko yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [24] Akomeza avuga ko nyuma y’uko Habimana Hassan atanze ibisobanuro, ubuyobozi bwa sosiyete butigeze bugira icyo buvuga kuri ibyo bisobanuro, ko nta nteguza yahawe ndetse ko n’amafaranga y’urugendo bivugwa ko yaba yarakiriye mu ntoki atageze kuri kimwe cya gatatu (1/3) cy’umushahara we ku buryo byafatwa ko yahombeje ikigo kandi ko ari byo biteganywa n’ingingo ya 15 y’amasezerano y’umurimo bagiranye, kubera ko abagenzi batatu ari bo yari agiye gutwara badakoresheje ikarita yabugenewe, ndetse ko nta mafaranga bamusanganye mu ntoki. [25] Avuga kandi ko ubusanzwe iyo umukozi afatiwe mu ikosa rikomeye asezererwa ku kazi nta nteguza, ko ariko kuba Habimana Hassan atarafatanywe amafaranga mu ntoki, ibyo yakoze atari ikosa rikomeye. ari yo mpamvu asaba indishyi zo kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, zingana n’umushahara w’amezi atandatu kubera ko itegeko riteganya indishyi ziri hagati y’amezi atatu (3) n’amezi atandatu (6). [26] Uhagarariye Jali Transport Ltd yireguye avuga ko Habimana Hassan yirukanwe ku kazi nta nteguza kubera amakosa akomeye kandi ko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 15 y’amasezerano y’umurimo bagiranye. Ku birebana no kuba uhagarariye Habimana Hassan avuga ko uwo ahagarariye nta gihombo yateje sosiyete yakoreraga, avuga ko arimo kwitiranya ibintu, ko kimwe cya gatatu (1/3) cy’umushahara kivugwa mu masezerano ari amafaranga umushoferi agomba kwinjiza, izo ngamba zikaba zarafashwe bitewe n’uko hari gihe umushoferi umwe yirirwaga aparitse imodoka akisinzirira, abandi bakamukoreraho ingendo nyinshi we yiryamiye. [27] Akomeza asobanura ko ubusanzwe mu mikoreshereze y’amakarita y’urugendo akoreshwa ku modoka zitwara abagenzi, aba bajya ku murongo umushoferi ahagaze ku muryango w’imodoka, ukojejeho ikarita akinjira mu modoka kugeza igihe umubare uteganyijwe wuzuye. Uko Urukiko rubibona [28] Hashingiwe ku gisubizo cyatanzwe ku kibazo kibanziriza iki, uru Rukiko rurasanga ikibazo kirebana no kumenya niba Habimana Hassan yarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko

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kitagomba kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kuri uru rwego, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga kucyakira nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [29] Ku birebana nikibazo cyo kumenya niba Habimana Hassan yagenerwa indishyi zikomoka ku kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, Uru Rukiko rurasanga indishyi zo kwirukanwa ku kazi ari inkurikizi ku gisubizo cyavuye mu isesengura ry’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Habimana Hassan yarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kuba rero hagaragajwe ko ingingo y’ubujurire irebana no kuba Habimana Hassan yarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko Urukiko Rukuru rutagomba kuyakira ngo isuzumwe, n’ikibazo kirebana n’indishyi zo kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ntikigomba kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kuri uru rwego. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ibimenyetso birebana n’amafaranga HABIMANA Hassan yakaswe ku mushahara [30] Uhagarariye Habimana Hassan avuga ko mu rubanza RSOCA00260/2021/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ikimenyetso cya “historique bancaire” yatanzwe na Banki ya Kigali. Asobanura ko uwo ahagarariye yagombaga kujya ahembwa amafaranga ibihumbiijana na mirongoine na birindwi (147,000Frw) ku kwezi kandi ko ari yo yanditse mu masezerano y’umurimo bagiranye, ko ariko mu gika cya 6 cy’urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko nta bimenyetso bihari, mu gika cya 8, ruvuga ko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Habimana Hassan agomba guhabwa ayo mafaranga, mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko, ntirwategeka Jali Transport Ltd kumuha ayo mafaranga. [31] Akomeza avuga ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarashyigikiye imiburanire ya Jali Transport Ltd yavugaga ko amafaranga Habimana Hassan yakatwaga ku mushahara bemeranyijeho ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na birindwi (147,000Frw) ku kwezi ashingiye ku ngingo ya 10 y’amasezerano y’akazi bagiranye ivuga ko umukozi akora iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) akaruhuka indi cumi n’itanu (15) ahemberwa, rwirengagije ingingo ya 73 n’iya 74 z’Itegeko N˚ 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, zivuga ku nyungu ku mafaranga yakaswe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kandi ko nayo yari yavuzweho mu iburanisha. [32] Uhagarariye Jali Transport Ltd avuga ko sosiyete ahagarariye yamusobanuriye ko ingingo ya 10 y’amasezerano y’umurimo hagati ya Habimana Hassan na Jali Transport Ltd ivuga ko umukozi ahemberwa iminsi yakoze kandi ko iyo yabaga yakoze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) yahembwaga amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na birindwi (147,000Frw), akaba asaba uru Rukiko kuzasobanura iyo ngingo y’amasezerano. Avuga kandi ko akurikije uko ikibazo giteye, amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na birindwi (147,000Frw) ari umushahara w’ukwezi guhwanye n’iminsi mirongo itatu (30) kandi ko kuba mu gihe Habimana Hassan yari akiri mu kazi atarigeze abyutsa ikibazo cyo kuba ahembwa umushahara utuzuye, byumvikana ko hari ibyo aziranyeho n’uwari umukoresha we. Uko Urukiko rubibona [33] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Habimana Hassan yahabwa ikinyuranyo cy’umushahara atahawe mu gihe yakoreraga Jali Transport Ltd. [34] Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko No 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko” Buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana.” Naho ingingo ya 12, igika cya 2 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : ” Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. Naho uvuga ko atagitegetswe gukora icyo yategekwaga gukora cyagaragajwe n’ibimenyetso agomba kugaragaza impamvu zakimukuyeho. Iyo abiburiye ibimenyetso, uwo baburana aramutsinda”.

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[35] Izi ngingo zombi zifatiwe hamwe zumvikanisha ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso bishimangira ko ibyo avuga bihuye n’ukuri. [36] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo inyandiko y’amasezerano y’akazi hagati ya Jali Transport Ltd na Habimana Hassan. Ingingo yayo ya 10 (b) iteganya ibikurikira : Umushahara w’umushoferi ushingiye ku minsi yakoze, umushoferi akora iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) agahabwa ikiruhuko cy’indi minsi cumi n’itanu (15) gihemberwa kandi umubare w’iminsi yakoze niyo igena ikiruhuko ari buhabwe kuko iminsi yakoze ingana n’ikiruhuko ariko kikaba kitarengeje iminsi cumi n’itanu (15), ni ukuvuga ko iminsi atakoze atagomba kuyihemberwa. Umushahara mbumbe w’umushoferi wa Coaster ni amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na magana arindwi na cumi (200,710Frw), umushahara net ukaba amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na birindwi (147,000Frw), n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na makumyabiri n’icyenda na magana inani na makumyabiri (229,820Frw), umushahara net ukaba amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itandatu na bitandatu (166,000Frw) ku bashoferi ba bus. Uwo mushahara mbumbe ukaba ukurwaho umusoro ku mushahara ndetse n’umusanzu w’ubwiteganyirize bwa RSSB hashingiwe ku itegeko. Nta gihembo cy’imirimo yakozwe mu gihe cy’amasaha y’ikirenga bitewe n’uko umushoferi akora umunsi umwe akaruhuka undi. [37] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo kandi historique bancaire ya konti ya Habimana Hassan ifunguye muri Banki ya Kigali, igaragaza ko mu mezi atandukanye yagiye ahembwa umushahara utageze ku mafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na birindwi (147,000Frw) avugwa mu masezerano y’akazi yagiranye na Jali Transport Ltd, aho : Mu kwezi kwa Werurwe/2018 yahembwe amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine na bine na magana atanu na mirongo ine n’igice kimwe (44,540.1Frw) ; Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi/2018 ahembwa amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itandatu na birindwi na magana atanu na mirongo itandatu n’atatu (67,563.0Frw) ; Mu kwezi kwa Kamena/2018 ahembwa amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo irindwi na birindwi na magana atandatu na mirongo itanu n’arindwi n’ibice icyenda (77,657.9Frw) ; Mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga/2018 ahembwa amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo inani na bitatu na magana inani na mirongo itandatu (83,860Frw); Mu kwezi kwa Kanama/2018 ahembwa amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo icyenda na bitanu n’ijana na mirongo ine n’arindwi n’ibice bibiri (95,147.2Frw) ; Mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo/2018 ahembwa amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu na magana arindwi na makumyabiri n’icyenda n’ibice icyenda (25,729.9Frw) ; Mu kwezi k’Ukuboza/2018 ahembwa amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itatu na bitandatu n’ijana na mirongo itanu n’atanu n’ibice birindwi (36,155.7Frw) ; Mu kwezi kwa Mutarama/2019 ahembwa amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu na bitanu na magana ane na mirongo itatu n’abiri n’ibice bitandatu (55,432.6Frw) ; Mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare/2019 ahembwa amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu na bitanu na magana ane na mirongo ine n’abiri n’ibice bitandatu (55,432.6Frw) ; [38] Mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko mu masezerano ababuranyi bagiranye biteganywa ko Habimana Hassan agomba guhembwa umushahara atahana ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na birindwi (147,000Frw) kandi ko azajya akora umunsi umwe undi ukaba ikiruhuko, iminsi yose ikaba ingana na

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mirongo itatu (30) akayihemberwa, rusanga agomba guhabwa izo ndishyi nk’uko azisaba ni ukuvuga ikinyuranyo kingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo ine na magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu n’umunani (240,768Frw) mu mezi icyenda (9) n’inyungu zayo zibariwe kuri 18% zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitatu na magana atatu na mirongo itatu n’umunani (43,338Frw). [39] Uru Rukiko rurasanga kuba mu cyemezo cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, rwaravuze ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse, nyamara mu isesengura rwakoze rwaragiye rugaragaza ko Habimana Hassan yagombaga guhembwa 147,000Frw ku kwezi ko ariko atigeze ayahembwa, rukanzura ko agomba guhabwa ikinyuranyo cy’ayo atahawe ndetse n’inyungu zayo, ayo makosa agomba gukosorwa, Jali Transport Ltd igategekwa guha Habimana Hassan amafaranga y’ikinyuranyo ku mushahara angana n’ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo ine na magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu n’umunani (240,768Frw) n’inyungu zayo zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitatu na magana atatu na mirongo itatu n’umunani (43,338Frw) nk’uko yategetswe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. [40] Ku bijyanye no kuba uhagarariye Jali Transport Ltd avuga ko sosiyete ahagarariye yumvikanye na Habimana Hassan ko azajya ahemberwa iminsi yakoze yonyine, Urukiko rurasanga ingingo y’amasezerano yagaragajwe haruguru irimo urujijo kuko hamwe ivuga ko azajya akora iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) agahabwa n’ikiruhuko cy’iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) gihemberwa, ahandi ikavuga ko ahemberwa iminsi yakoze gusa, ibi bikaba bigomba gufatwa ko yagombaga guhembwa 147,000Frw ku kwezi. [41] Ku bijyanye no kuba uhagarariye Jali Transport Ltd avuga ko igihe cyose Habimana Hassan yamaze akorera sosiyete ahagarariye atigeze agaragaza ikibazo cy’uko ahembwa umushahara utuzuye, ko ahubwo yabivuze ari uko amaze kwirukanwa, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo ubwabyo bitaba impamvu yo kugira ngo ihabwe ukuri kuri icyo kibazo kandi itabasha kugaragaza ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byatumye imuhemba umushshahara utandukanye n’uvugwa mu masezerano bagiranye. Ikindi kandi Jali Transport Ltd ntinavuga ko hari igihe ntarengwa cyaba giteganyijwe Habimana Hassan yaba atarubahirije ku buryo yaba atacyemerewe gukurikirana uburenganzira yavukijwe ku mushahara wemeranyijwe mu masezerano. [42] Urukiko rurasanga niba mu masezerano y’akazi havugwamo umushahara mbumbe n’umushahara utahanwa mu rugo, byumvikana ko uwo mushahara ugenwa mu gihe cy’ukwezi kungana n’iminsi mirongo itatu, aho kuba umushahara w’iminsi cumi n’itanu umukozi yaba yakoze. Ikindi kigaragaza ko Habimana Hassan atahembwaga hashingiwe ku minsi yakoze, ni uko umukoresha atagaragaza umushahara yari yaramugeneye ku munsi cyangwa ngo abe agaragaza aho yasinyiraga iminsi yakozeho ngo ibyo bibe byaherwaho hagenzurwa koko niba umushahara yahabwaga warabaga uhwanye n’iminsi yakoze. [43] Hashingiwe ku mategeko yagaragajwe haruguru no ku bisobanuro bitanzwe, uru Rukiko rurasanga umushahara ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na birindwi (147,000Frw) uvugwa mu masezerano y’akazi, Habimana Hassan yarawugenerwaga mu gihe cy’ukwezi kibariwemo iminsi y’akazi n’iminsi y’ikiruhuko yumvikanyeho na Jali Transport Ltd, ikaba igomba kumuha ikinyuranyo cy’ayo itamuhembye nk’uko yagaragajwe haruguru. Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka [44] Uhagarariye Jali Transport Ltd asaba uru Rukiko gutegeka Habimana Hassan guha sosiyete ahagarariye amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1,500,000Frw) y’igihembo cy’Abavoka babiri bayiburaniye yiyongera ku yo yategetswe n’inkiko zibanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza yiyongera ku yo yategetswe n’inkiko zibanza. Ku mafaranga Habimana Hassan asaba guhabwa, avuga ko nta shingiro afite kubera ko ari we ukomeje kurega nyamara haragaragajwe ko yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.

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[45] Uhagarariye Habimana Hassan avuga ko amafaranga Jali Transport Ltd isaba nta shingiro yahabwa, kubera ko yayireze aharanira guhabwa ubutabera yari yamwimye nk’umukoresha. Asaba ahubwo uru Rukiko kuyitegeka kumuha amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1,500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. Uko Urukiko rubibona [46] Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [47] Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza byafashweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC00010/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/11/2023, haburana Mukandayisenga Gentille na Unguka Bank Plc. Muri urwo rubanza buri muburanyi yasabaga Urukiko gutegeka mugenzi we kumwishyura amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza, Urukiko rubonye ko mu ngingo zasuzumwe hari izo buri ruhande rwatsindiye izindi rukazitsindirwa, rwanzuye ko buri muburanyi agomba kwirengera ibyo yatakaje mu rubanza1. [48] Muri uru rubanza, bigaragara ko Habimana Hassan yatsindiye gusa amafaranga y’ikinyuranyo yagiye akatwa ku mushahara impande zombi zumvikanyeho ndetse n’inyungu zayo, naho ingingo irebana n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi yari yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru ntisubizwe arayitsindirwa kuko itakiriwe ngo isuzumwe, bivuze ko Jali Transport Ltd yayitsindiye. [49] Kubera izo mpamvu, kuba Habimana Hassan na Jali Transport Ltd hari ingingo buri wese yatsindiye hakagira n’izo atsindirwa, Urukiko rurasanga nta ruhande rukwiye kugenerwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [50] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Habimana Hassan cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA00260/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/05/2023, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [51] Rutegetse Jali Transport Ltd kwishyura Habimana Hassan amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo ine na magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu n’umunani (240,768Frw) y’ikinyuranyo cy’umushahara atahembwe n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitatu na magana atatu na mirongo itatu n’umunani (43,338Frw) y’inyungu zayo. [52] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.

1 Reba urubanza n˚ RS/INJUST/RSOC 00010/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/11/2023, haburana MUKANDAYISENGA Gentille na UNGUKA BANK Plc, igika cya 49.