UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA00222/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00222/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 15 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa10/01/2020, Habimana yafatiwe mu Mudugudu wa Kabugusu, Akagari ka Gitisi, Umurenge wa Bweramana, Akarere ka Ruhango, afite udupfunyika 166 tw’urumogi bivugwa ko yari agiye kurucuruza. Yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, avuga ko atazongera kugikora, anabisabira imbabazi mu rukiko. Mu rubanza RP00079/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwamuhamije icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw, rutegeka kandi ko urwo rumogi rutwikwa. Habimana yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ngo yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko bwari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, ndetse akaba yifuza gusubira mu muryango we (yasize abana b’imfubyi). Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza , maze rumugabanyiriza ibihano rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nᵒ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nᵒ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Uregwa yongeye ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kurushaho, ashingiye ku kwemera icyaha nta shiti, kuba ari bwo bwa mbere, kugororoka no kwicuza bihagije. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubwo bujurire buvuga ko nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa kuko yahawe ibihano bito biteganywa n’amategeko ku cyaha yahamijwe, ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nᵒ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nᵒ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V. 2, Ukwakira 2014. p.127. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Kuwa 10/01/2020 Habimana Jean Pierre ari mu Mudugudu wa Kabugusu, mu Kagari ka Gitisi, mu Murenge wa Bweramana mu Karere ka Ruhango, yafatanywe udupfunyika 166 tw’urumogi bivugwa ko yari agamije kurucuruza. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw) no gutwika urumogi rwafatiriwe. Habimana Jean Pierre yaburanye yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa ibihano. [2] Mu rubanza RP00079/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe kuwa 16/07/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, rushingiye ku mvugo y’uregwa wemera icyaha, imvugo y’umutangabuhamya Nyabyenda Cyprien umushinja, kuri raporo y’inzego z’ibanze no ku nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira Habimana Jean Pierre yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi rufatiriwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko Habimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25.000.000Frw). [3] Habimana Jean Pierre yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kuva agifatwa kandi akaba aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko, asaba guhabwa ibihano bituma ataha vuba agasanga abana b’imfubyi yasize bandaye kubera ko umugore yabataye. [4] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanya ibihano Habimana yahanishijwe, busaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’ Itegeko Nᵒ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nᵒ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafanga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [5] Mu rubanza RPA00650/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe kuwa 28/02/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwasanze Habimana akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka ( a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nᵒ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nᵒ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru irebewe hamwe no kuba yemera icyaha kuburyo budashidikanywaho kandi ari nabwo bwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko bizwi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’ imyaka cumi n’ itanu (15) n’ ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, aho kuba igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [6] Habimana Jean Pierre yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA00222/2024/CA ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 6/5/2025 yunganiwe na Me Ineza Jules Lambert naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Habimana Jean Pierre yunganiwe na Me Ineza Jules Lambert yajuriye asaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza ibihano biruseho kuko ibyo yahawe bikabije kuremera kandi aburana yemera icyaha kuburyo budashidikanywaho, kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha no kuba yaragorowe bihagije kuburyo atazasubira mu cyaha ukundi. [8] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Habimana Jean Pierre yagabanyirijwe ibihano mu buryo buhagije ndetse ahabwa ibihano bito biteganywa n’amategeko ku cyaha yahamijwe, ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa. [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ubusabe bwa Habimana Jean Pierre bwo kwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

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Kumenya niba Habimana Jean Pierre yarahanishijwe ibihano bihanitse ku buryo yakwongera kugabanyirizwa [10] Habimana Jean Pierre yajuririye Urukiko rw’ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko arusaba kwongera kumugabanyiriza ibihano kuko ibyo yahawe bikabije kuremera kandi aburana yemera icyaha kuburyo budashidikanywaho, kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha no kuba yaragorowe bihagije kuburyo atazasubira mu cyaha ukundi. Asaba ko yahanishwa ibihano bizatuma asohoka vuba mu igororero kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana yasize bandagaye kuko umugore yabataye. [11] Me Ineza Jules Lambert wunganira Habimana Jean Pierre avuga ko, nubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije kugera ku gihano gito giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe ariko nta cyabuza umucamanza kwongera kumugabanyiriza hashingiwe ku ngingo 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko «Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Jean Pierre nta shingiro bufite kuko igihano yahanishijwe aricyo gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko ku cyaha yakoze cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye nk’uko bikubiye mu ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, busaba Urukiko guhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Habimana Jean Pierre ashobora kwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [14] Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Habimana Jean Pierre yahamijwe, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko idashobora kurenga amafaranga 30.000.000, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [15] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho mu gace ka (d) iyi ngingo ikavuga ko, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [16] Habimana Jean Pierre, mu rubanza RPA00650/2020/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 28/02/2024 yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwnege bihambaye, iri gabanyagihano rikaba ryarashingiye ku kuba ushinjwa yaremeye icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko ku buryo buzwi, rishingira kandi ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije igihano Habimana Jean Pierre kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, nta kosa rwakoze kuko iki aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa kidashobora kugabanywa ukundi ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ushinjwa yahamijwe.

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[18] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ubwunganizi buburanisha, ivuga ibigomba kwitabwaho mu kugena ibihano ariko ikaba atariyo igena ibihano bitangwa. Rurasanga, mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwarahaye agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Habimana yarushyikirije zirimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha ku buryo buzwi, mu kumugenera igihano rushingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ndetse rumugenera igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirizwa icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, ubwunganizi bukaba buterekana indi ngingo Urukiko rwari gushingiraho ruhanisha Habimana igihano kiri munsi y’icyo yahawe. [19] Urukiko rurasanga ibivuzwe haruguru bihuza n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, aho rwemeje ko uregwa atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe1. [20] Urukiko rurasanga, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru kimwe n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo kuwa 04/12/2023 naryo ryavuzwe, Habimana Jean Pierre yarahanishijwe ibihano bito bishoboka ku cyaha ashinjwa cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, bityo urubanza yajuririye, kuri iyi ngingo, rukaba ntakosa rwakoze rikeneye gukosorwa, ahubwo akaba agomba kugumishwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (5.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Jean Pierre nta shingiro bufite. [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA00650/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 28/02/2024, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [23] Rwemeje ko Habimana Jean Pierre ahamishijwe ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) kubw’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. [24] Rutegetse ko Habimana Jean Pierre asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

1Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V. 2, Ukwakira 2014. p.127.