HABIMANA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# HABIMANA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA01021/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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HABIMANA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01021/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.,) 18 Nzeli 2025] Imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Ubujurire – Ibihe by’ubujurire – Umuburanyi agomba gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire cyangwa kugaragaza inenge ziri mu rubanza ajuririra mu bihe by’ubujurire biteganywa n’Itegeko. Ku muburanyi wajuriye atarabona kopi y’urubanza, agomba gutanga imyanzuro igaragaza izo mpamvu cyangwa izo nenge nibura mu gihe cy’iminsi 30 nyuma y’uko kopi ishyizwe muri IECMS. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Habimana Saidi na Murekatete Afuwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Habimana Saidi yaburanye avuga ko urumogi rwose rwafashwe ari urwe kandi ko yari yaruguze iKanembwe agamije kurunywa, asaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo kurufatanwa no kurunywa naho Murekatete Afuwa yiregura avuga ko nta rumogi agurisha kuko nta n’urwo yafatanywe, bityo asaba kurenganurwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwemeje ko Habimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi naho Murekatete Afuwa agirwa umwere ku cyaha aregwa. Habimana yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi nyamara urwo yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa, bityo asaba guhanirwa icyaha yakoze cyo gufatanywa ibiyobyabwenge byo kunywa aho kuba icyo kubicuruza. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Habimana yagaragaje ingingo ze z’ubujurire arengeje ibihe by’ubujurire biteganywa n’itegeko, bituma izi ngingo zitakirwa ngo zisuzumwe, bityo ko urubanza yajuririye ruguma uko rwaciwe. Habimana yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, we n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko gutinda gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire byatewe n’ibihe bya covid 19 byatumye atamenya ibikubiye muri kopi y’urubanza, basaba ko ubujurire bwasuzumwa kugira ngo ahanirwe icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo yemera. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta nkomyi yabujije Habimana gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire ku gihe kuko kopi y’urubanza yashyizwe mu ikoranabuhanga rya IECMS ku wa 24/4/2022 kandi ko kuri iyi tariki ubwirinzi bw’icyorezo cya Covid 19 bwari bwararangiye; bityo asaba Urukiko guhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. Urukiko ruhereye kuri izi mpaka, rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ko gutinda gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire byatewe n’uko Habimana Saidi yatinze kubona kopi y’urubanza bitewe n’ingamba zo kwirinda covid 19. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze, nta mpamvu yumvikana yatumye Habimana Saidi akererwa gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire kuko kopi y’urubanza RP 00147/2022/TGI/RBV yashyizwe mu

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ikoranabuhanga rya IECMS ku wa 24/04/2022, agahitamo gutanga ingingo z’ubujurire mu iburanisha ryo ku wa ku wa 05/09/2024 (nyuma y’imyaka 2 n’amezi 5), bityo Urukiko Rukuru rukaba nta kosa rwakoze mu kwanga kwakira izi mpamvu z’ubujurire. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuburanyi agomba gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire cyangwa kugaragaza inenge ziri mu rubanza ajuririra mu bihe by’ubujurire biteganywa n’Itegeko. Ku muburanyi wajuriye atarabona kopi y’urubanza, agomba gutanga imyanzuro igaragaza izo mpamvu cyangwa izo nenge nibura mu gihe cy’iminsi 30 nyuma y’uko kopi ishyizwe muri IECMS. Ubujurire nta shongiro. Nta mategeko yashingiweho. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00047/2021/CA rw’Ubushinajcyaha bwa Gisirikare na Maj (Rtd) Mudathiru Habib alias Mussa n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 09/06/2023. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 01/03/2022, Murekatete Afuwa na Habimana Saidi bafatiwe mu Mudugudu wa Cyanika, Akagari ka Rwaza, mu Murenge wa Rugerero bakekwaho icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aho abapolisi bavuga ko aba bombi bafatanwe udupfunyika 75 tw’urumogi. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Habimana Saidi na Murekatete Afuwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Habimana Saidi yaburanye avuga ko urumogi rwose rwafashwe ari urwe kandi ko yari yaruguze iKanembwe agamije kurunywa, asaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo kurufatanwa no kurunywa naho Murekatete Afuwa yiregura avuga ko nta rumogi agurisha kuko nta n’urwo yafatanywe, ko abapolisi barusanze hanze mu rubibi ahana n’umuturanyi, asaba kurenganurwa. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00147/2022/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 22/04/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwemeje ko Habimana Saidi ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi naho Murekatete Afuwa agirwa umwere ku cyaha aregwa. Mu gufata iki cyemezo Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo ya Habimana Saidi wemeye ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwe, ku kuba yarafashwe avuye kugura urumogi iKanembwe kandi ingano yarwo (udupfunyika 75) ikaba idashobora gufatwa nk’urwo kwinywera. Rwashingiye kandi no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja. Rwahanishije Habimana Saidi igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kwemera icyaha. [4] Habimana Saidi yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 16/05/2022 avuga ko azashyikiriza urukiko impamvu z’ubujurire ku buryo burambuye mu mwanzuro

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w’inyongera amaze kubona kopi y’urubanza. Mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 05/09/2024, imbere y’Urukiko nibwo yavuze ko impamvu ze z'ubujurire ari uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi nyamara urwo yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa, ko rero yagombye guhanirwa icyaha yakoze cyo gufatanywa ibiyobyabwenge byo kunywa aho kuba icyo kubicuruza. [5] Mu rubanza RPA00336/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 26/09/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Habimana Saidi yagaragaje ingingo ze z’ubujurire arengeje ibihe by’ubujurire biteganywa n’itegeko, bituma izi ngingo zitakirwa ngo zisuzumwe, urubanza yajuririye ruguma uko rwaciwe. [6] Habimana Saidi yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 01021/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame kuwa 5/9/2025, Habimana Saidi yunganiwe na Me Musabwa K.Frederic naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rukaka Gallican, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Habimana Saidi n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko gutinda gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire byatewe n’ibihe bya covid 19 byatumye atamenya ibikubiye muri kopi y’urubanza, basaba ko ubujurire bwasuzumwa kugira ngo ahanirwe icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo yemera. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta nkomyi yabujije Habimana gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire ku gihe kuko kopi y’urubanza yashyizwe mu ikoranabuhanga rya IECMS ku wa 24/4/2022 kandi ko kuri iyi tariki ubwirinzi bw’icyorezo cya Covid 19 bwari bwararangiye; asaba Urukiko guhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izi mpaka, rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ko gutinda gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire byatewe n’uko Habimana Saidi yatinze kubona kopi y’urubanza bitewe n’ingamba zo kwirinda covid 19. I. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ko gutinda gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire byatewe n’uko Habimana Saidi yatinze kubona kopi y’urubanza [10] Habimana Saidi, yunganiwe na Me Musabwa K. Frédéric yajuriye avuga ko inyandiko y’ubujurire mu Rukiko Rukuru yayitanze mu bihe byemewe n’amategeko ariko agatinda gutanga ingingo z’ubujurire bitewe n’icyorezo cya covid 19 cyatumye adashobora kubona kopi y’urubanza kugira ngo abone aho ashingira ubujurire bwe. Avuga ko iyi ari yo mpamvu yasobanuye ubujurire bwe mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 05/09/2024, asaba ko izi mpamvu zakwakirwa kugira ngo ahanirwe icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo yemera. Habimana Saidi avuga ko, hejuru y’inzitizi zikomoka ku cyorezo cya COVID 19 hari n’ikibazo cy’uko atazi kwandika no gusoma cyatumye atabona abamwandikira umwanzuro. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta mpamvu yabujije Habimana Saidi gusobanura impamvu z’ubujurire mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko kuko igihe yatangaga inyandiko y’ubujurire ku wa 16/05/2022, icyo gihe kopi y’urubanza yari yarashyizwe muri dosiye ku wa 24/04/2022, bityo akaba yari afite uburyo bwo kumenya impamvu yashingiraho ubujurire bwe. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, nta kosa Urukiko rwakoze mu kwanga kwakira impamvu z’ubujurire

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zatangiwe mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 05/09/2024 kuko zatanzwe impitagihe kandi ko ibyo bikurikije umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Impaka ziri muri urubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ko gutinda gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire byatewe n’uko Habimana Saidi yatinze kubona kopi y’urubanza. [13] Ikibazo cyo kumenya agaciro gahabwa impamvu z’ubujurire zitanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, cyakemuwe mu rubanza RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018 haburana Mbuto Aimable na BRD aho rwatanze umurongo ugira uti: “ingingo iyo ariyo yose itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe ntarengwa byo kujurira, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, ntigomba kwakirwa”. [14] Ikibazo cyo kumenya igihe impamvu z’ubujurire zigomba gutangirwa ku muburanyi uvuga ko atahawe kopi y’urubanza ku munsi rwasomwe, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPA 00047/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 09/06/2023 haburana Ubushinajcyaha bwa Gisirikare na Maj (Rtd) Mudathiru Habib alias Mussa n’abandi, aho rwemeje ko umuburanyi agomba gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire cyangwa kugaragaza inenge ziri mu rubanza ajuririra mu bihe by’ubujurire biteganywa n’Itegeko. Ku muburanyi wajuriye atarabona kopi y’urubanza, agomba gutanga imyanzuro igaragaza izo mpamvu cyangwa izo nenge nibura mu gihe cy’iminsi 30 nyuma y’uko kopi ishyizwe muri IECMS1. Uyu murongo niwo wakomejwe gukurikizwa mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, rumwe mu ziheruka gucibwa rukaba ari urubanza RPAA 00950/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rubayiza Tharcisse2. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RP 00147/2022/TGI/RBV, Habimana Saidi yaciriwe urubanza ku wa 22/04/2022 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, kopi yarwo ishyirwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya IECMS ku wa 24/04/2022, uyu ajurira ku wa 16/05/2022 avuga ko azatanga imyanzuro y’inyongera aruko amaze kubona kopi nyamara kopi yari muri “systeme” ya IECMS, bityo igihe ntarengwa cyo gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire kikaba cyari iminsi 30 ibarwa kuva ku wa 24/04/2022, umunsi kopi yashyiriwe muri IECMS. [16] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba inyandiko itanga ubujurire Habimana Saidi yarayitanze ku wa 16/05/2022, uwo munsi ubuyobozi bw’Igororero abarizwamo bakamusinyira ko buyakiriye, bigaragaza ko nta mpamvu yari ihari ibuza ihererekanya ry’inyandiko kandi ko ntacyari kubuza ko ubu buyobozi bwakira n’impamvu z’ubujurire iyo azitanga, bityo ingingo aburanisha y’uko yakerejwe n’ingamba zo kwirinda covid 19 ikaba nta shingiro ifite. Rurasanga kandi, impamvu yo kutamenya kwandika no gusoma Habimana aburanisha, nta shingiro ifite, kuko nta cyari kumubuza gukoresha uburyo yakoresheje yandikisha inyandiko y’ubujurire kugira ngo ize iherekejwe n’impamvu z’ubujurire.

1 Uwo murongo wanakurikijwe mu zindi manza zaciwe nyuma, harimo urubanza RPAA 00950/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025. 2 Reba igika cya 17 cy’urubanza RPAA 00950/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rubayiza Tharcisse.

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[17] Urukiko rurasanga, nta mpamvu yumvikana yatumye Habimana Saidi akererwa gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire kuko kopi y’urubanza RP 00147/2022/TGI/RBV yashyizwe mu ikoranabuhanga rya IECMS ku wa 24/04/2022, agahitamo gutanga ingingo z’ubujurire mu iburanisha ryo ku wa ku wa 05/09/2024 (nyuma y’imyaka 2 n’amezi 5), bityo Urukiko Rukuru rukaba nta kosa rwakoze mu kwanga kwakira izi mpamvu z’ubujurire kandi ibyo rwemeje bikaba bihuza n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA 00047/2021/CA rwibukijwe haruguru. [18] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Saidi nta shingiro bufite, urubanza RPA00336/2022/HC/MUS yajuririye rukaba rugumye uko rwaciwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habimana Saidi nta shingiro bufite. [20] Rwemeje ko icyemezo cyo kutakira impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Habimana Saidi, cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze mu rubanza RP A00336/2022/HC/MUS, kigumyeho. [21] Rutegetse ko Habimana Saidi asonerwa amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunzwe.