HABIYAREMYE v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# HABIYAREMYE v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00483/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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HABIYAREMYE v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00483/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J., 18 Nzeli 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Ku cyaha uregwa yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, nta rindi gabanyagihano yahabwa iyo yahanishijwe ibihano bito ntarengwa biteganywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Habiyaremye Jean Bosco mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, maze Habiyaremye aburana yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rushingiye ku mvugo y’uregwa wemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira uhinjwa yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi rufatiriwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw‘urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko agamije gutakambira urukiko kugira ngo rumugabanyirize ahabwe ibihano byoroheje, byatuma asubira muri sosiyete nyarwanda kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, kandi akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akiguyemo. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 frw kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha.

Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba Habiyaremye yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, kuba yarafatanwe ingano ntoya y’ibiyobyabwenge, no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho n’inkiko byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano bihagije, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 frw. Habiyaremye yongeye ajurira urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko anenga Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha ndetse agafatanwa ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge, bityo asaba guhanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka 15. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yasubije avuga ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yahanishijwe ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye aribyo bihano bito biteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe, ko nta rindi gabanyagihano rishoboka, bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko asaba ibyo yamaze guhabwa. Ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yakwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw yahanishijwe ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge.

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Kuba Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, Urukiko rurasanga nta rindi gabanyagihano yahabwa kuko yahanishijwe ibihano bito ntarengwa biteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha ashinjwa, bityo ubujurire bwe kuri iyi ngingo bukaba nta shingiro bufite.

Incamake y’icyemezo:Ku cyaha uregwa yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, nta rindi gabanyagihano yahabwa iyo yahanishijwe ibihano bito ntarengwa biteganywa n’itegeko. Ubujurire nta shingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 01353/2024/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Mushumba Eric; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00889/2024/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Niringiyimana alias Bishyimbo; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025; Urubanza RPAA 01037/2024/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nizeyimana Alphonse; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025; Urubanza RPAA 01356/2024/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana David; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00857/2024/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Uwimana Emmanuel; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 12/03/2020, Habiyaremye Jean Bosco, ari mu Mudugudu wa Nyabikoni, Akagali ka Nyabugogo, Umurenge wa Kigali, yafatanywe udupfunyika cumi na tune (14 boules) tw’urumogi aho yari arufite mu nzu ye, mu gihe cyo gusaka haboneka utundi dupfunyika 14 twari inyuma y’inzu, uyu arafatwa ahita akurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Habiyaremye Jean Bosco mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yaburanye yemera icyaha asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00492/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 08/05/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Habiyaremye wemeye icyaha

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kuva agifatwa, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira uhinjwa yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi rufatiriwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko Habiyaremye Jean Bosco ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw‘urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [4] Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko agamije gutakambira urukiko kugira ngo rumugabanyirize ahabwe ibihano byoroheje, byatuma asubira muri sosiyete nyarwanda kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, kandi akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akiguyemo. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 frw kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha.

[5] Mu rubanza RPA 00826/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, kuba yarafatanwe ingano ntoya y’ibiyobyabwenge, no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho n’inkiko byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano bihagije, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 frw. [6] Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire , Urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00483/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame kuwa 11/9/2025 , Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yunganiwe na Me Kananga Protegène naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mbaragijimana Désiré, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yajuriye anenga Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha ndetse agafatanwa ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge, asaba guhanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka 15. [8] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Habiyaremye Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite kuko yahanishijwe ibihano bito biteganyirizwa icyaha ashinjwa, akaba atagaragaza ikosa ryakozwe mu rubanza ajuririra. [9] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yarahanishijwe ibihano biremereye hirengagijwe ko yaburanye yemera icyaha no kuba yarafanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhanisha Habiyaremye ibihano biremereye hirengagijwe ko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi agafatanwa ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge [10] Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza munsi y’igito giteganywa n’itegeko kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ndetse agafatanwa ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge, asaba guhanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka 15.

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[11] Me Kananga Protegène wunganira Habiyaremye Jean Bosco avuga ko, nubwo ibihano yahanishijwe bikabije kuremera, nyamara kandi ko aribyo bihano bito biteganywa n’itegeko, asaba Urukiko gusuzumana ubushishozi icyifuzo cy’ushinjwa. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yasubije avuga ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yahanishijwe ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye aribyo bihano bito biteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe, ko nta rindi gabanyagihano rishoboka, bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko asaba ibyo yamaze guhabwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yakwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw yahanishijwe ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. [14] Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yahamijwe kandi yemera, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyangwa kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [15] Ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; naho mu gace ka (d) ikavuga ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe“. [16] Habiyaremye Jean Bosco usaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza munsi y’ibihano bito biteganyirizwa icyaha ashinjwa, ubwe avuga ko nta Tegeko azi rishyigikira icyifuzo cye ndetse n’umwunganira akaba yemera ko Habiyaremye yahanishijwe ibihano bito ntarengwa bigenwa n’itegeko. [17] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yaragennye ibihano bito umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi mu gihe asanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma ushinjwa agabanyirizwa ibihano. [18] Ku birebana na Habiyaremye Jean Bosco wahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, iyi ngingo iteganya ko igabanyagihano ridashobora kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; naho ku birebana n’ihazabu igateganya ko igabanyagihano ritajya munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya yagenewe icyaha bireba. Kuri Habiyaremye Jean Bosco iyi hazabu ikaba idashobora kujya munsi ya 5.000.000Frw kuko ariyo ingana na ¼ cya 20.000.000Frw

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ariyo hazabu ntoya yagenewe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo yagenwe n’Itegeko 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [19] Urukiko rurasanga kutajya munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw bitari umwihariko kuri Habiyaremye Jean Bosco ahubwo ibi bihano aribyo byagumyeho mu manza zifitanye isano n’uru11, abazishinjwamo bajuririye uru Rukiko basaba guhabwa ibihano biri munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw nyamara babihamishwaho kuko aribyo bito bishoboka.

[20] Kuba Habiyaremye Jean Bosco yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, Urukiko rurasanga nta rindi gabanyagihano yahabwa kuko yahanishijwe ibihano bito ntarengwa biteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha ashinjwa, bityo ubujurire bwe kuri iyi ngingo bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habiyaremye Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite. [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00826/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 28/02/2024, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [23] Rwemeje ko Habiyaremye Jean Bosco agumishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000frw) kubw’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. [24] Rutegetse ko Habiyaremye Jean Bosco asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

1 - Urubanza RPAA 01353/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mushumba Eric. -Urubanza RPAA 00889/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niringiyimana alias Bishyimbo. -Urubanza RPAA 01037/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nizeyimana Alphonse. -Urubanza RPAA 01356/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana David. - Urubanza RPAA 00857/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwimana Emmanuel.