UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABUMUREMYI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABUMUREMYI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00792/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABUMUREMYI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00792/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,.) 24 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire yagabanyirijwe bihagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Habumuremyi Hassan yasanganywe udupfunyika ijana na mirongo itandatu (160) tw’urumogi, maze ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwahamije Habumuremyi Hassan icyaha yakurikiranyweho (Gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi), maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20 ans) n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). Habumuremyi Hassan, yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yemeye icyaha, akaba kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera ariko Urukiko rukaba rwaramuhaye igihano kirekire, asaba kukigabanyirizwa no kugisubikirwa. Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cye cy’ubujurire, buvuga ko cyatanzwe impitagihe, ariko nyuma yo kumva impamvu zatumye Habumuremyi Hassan atinda gucyererwa aho yagaragaje ko ari ukubera icyorezo cya Covid 19 no kuba yari akiri muri kasho, bityo ko ubujurire bwahabwa ishingiro. Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo kumva ibisobanuro by’ababuranyi bombi ku bijyanye no gutinda gutanga ikirego cy’ubujurire kwa Habumuremyi Hassan, rwasanze ikirego cye cy’ubujurire gikwiriye kwakirwa, maze rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’ibihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni cumi n’ebyiri z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (12.000.000Frw). Habumuremyi Hassan yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ukwemera icyaha kwe kuva mu nzego z’iperereza agifatwa no kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuburyo buhagije maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5). Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta kosa rikenewe gukosorwa murubanza rujuririrwa kuko uregwa yagabanyirijwe ibihano hitawe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze ndetse igihano yahawe kikaba aricyo gito gishoboka giteganywa n’amategeko, bityo ko atakongera kukigabanyirizwa, busaba ariko ko yagabanyirizwa gusa ihazabu yahanishijwe.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire yagabanyirijwe bihagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00364/2024/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Harorimana Abel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 17/11/2020, abashinzwe umutekano bashinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge (Police ANU) bahawe amakuru ko Habumuremyi Hassan acuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bakora operation yo kumufata, bamusangana udupfunyika ijana na mirongo itandatu (160) tw’urumogi. Bamushyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [3] Habumuremyi Hassan yaburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura ko yari amaze amezi ane acuruza urumogi, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [4] Mu rubanza RP 01461/2020/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe ku wa 28/01/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Habumuremyi Hassan, yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi aribyo:

Ukwemera icyaha kwe, agasobanura uko yagikoze n’igihe amaze acuruza urumogi, n’aho arurangura, akanabisabira imbabazi; Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja;  Gufatanwa udupfunyika 160 tw’urumogi.  Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwahamije Habumuremyi Hassan icyaha yakurikiranyweho (Gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi). Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20 ans) n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw).

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[5] Habumuremyi Hassan, yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yemeye icyaha, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera ariko Urukiko rukaba rwaramuhaye igihano kirekire. Asaba kukigabanyirizwa no kugisubikirwa. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cye cy’ubujurire, buvuga ko cyatanzwe impitagihe, ariko nyuma yo kumva impamvu zatumye Habumuremyi Hassan atinda gucyererwa aho yagaragaje ko ari ukubera icyorezo cya Covid 19 no kuba yari akiri muri kasho, buvuga ko byahabwa ishingiro. Bukomeza bunavuga ko ibyo Habumuremyi Hassan asaba byo kugabanyirizwa ibihano no guhabwa isubikagihano bidafite ishingiro kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaramugabanyirije ibihano ku buryo buhagije kandi ko igihano yahawe kirengeje igifungo cy’imyaka itanu bityo ko kitasubikwa. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00461/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 25/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo kumva ibisobanuro by’ababuranyi bombi ku bijyanye no gutinda gutanga ikirego cy’ubujurire kwa Habumuremyi Hassan, rwasanze ikirego cye cy’ubujurire gikwiriye kwakirwa. Rusanga nubwo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaramugabanyirije ibihano muburyo bukurikije amategeko, akwiriye kongera kubigabanyirizwa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha ndetse akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mubutabera mu buryo buzwi ndetse no kuba ibihano yahawe biri hejuru ubigereranyije n’ibiteganywa n’itegeko rishya mu ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko N 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumugabanyiriza igihano. Rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’ibihano. Ruhanisha Habumuremyi Hassan igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni cumi n’ebyiri z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (12.000.000Frw). [8] Habumuremyi Hassan yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00792/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 08/04/2025, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Vcf (Video Conference) kubera icyorezo, Habumuremyi Hassan yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Habumuremyi Hassan mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire ndetse no mu miburanire ye, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ukwemera icyaha kwe kuva mu nzego z’iperereza agifatwa no kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 rwirengagiza ko afite umwana watawe na nyina, akaba yandagaye mu muhanda kubera ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze. Asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko amaze kugororoka. Me Micomyiza Liliane nawe amusabira kugabanyirizwa igihano kuburyo buhagije kuko amaze kwicuza kandi ko icyaha yakoze atazagisubira. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta kosa rikenewe gukosorwa murubanza rujuririrwa kuko Habumuremyi Hassan yagabanyirijwe ibihano hitawe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze ndetse igihano yahawe kikaba aricyo gito gishoboka giteganywa n’amategeko, bityo ko atakongera kukigabanyirizwa. Busaba ko yagabanyirizwa gusa ihazabu yahanishijwe. [11] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Habumuremyi Hassan akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuri uru rwego.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Habumuremyi Hassan akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuri uru rwego [12] Habumuremyi Hassan mu miburanire ye, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze ndetse no kumurongo watanzwe murubanza RPAA 00224/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/02/2023, haburana Ubushinjayaha na Rutayisire Aubin wahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka itatu n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw bivuye ku myaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [13] Me Micomyiza Liliane, nawe amusabira kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ashingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023, ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ndetse ashingiye no k’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00269/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/05/2023, aho uwaregwaga, icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, Urukiko rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itanu(5) kuko yamaze kwicuza bihagije ku cyaha yakoze, avuga ko, ibyo bikozwe no kuri Habumuremyi Hassan, haba hubahirijwe ihame ryo gufata ababuranyi kimwe imbere y’amategeko. [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Habumuremyi Hassan zidafite ishingiro kuko igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, aricyo gito gishoboka giteganywa mu ngingo ya 02 agace (a) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyawenge yahamijwe, ariko ko ku ihazabu rya 12.000.000Frw yahanishijwe, asanga, ntacyabuza Urukiko kubimugabanyiriza, agahanishwa ihazabu rya 5.000.000Frw ashingiye kuriyo ngingo ya 2 agace ka (d). [15] Ubushinjacyaha, bukomeza busobanura ko ku bijyanye n’imanza Habumuremyi Hassan n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingiwaho, nta gaciro byahabwa hashingiwe kumurongo watanzwe murubanza RPAA 00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude, aho Urukiko rwagaragaje ko nta mpaka zikiri mukumenya niba Urukiko rwatanga igihano kiri munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 ku cyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Busaba Urukiko kugumishaho igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Habumuremyi Hassan yahawe no kumugabanyiriza ihazabu. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye kukumenya niba Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha no kumanza zagaragajwe, rukagabanya igihano kikajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Habumuremyi Hassan yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ndetse no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa ihazabu yahanishijwe. [17] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 601 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa

1 Iyo ngingo yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano ariko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’urw’Ubujurire zisobanura mu manza zitandukanye ko ubwo buryo bwo kugabanya ibihano bunyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye

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30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA22 rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwemeza ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, harimo urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC kimwe n’izindi manza zose zagendeye muri uwo murongo wo kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko3. [18] Ku bijyanye n’ubusabe bwa Habumuremyi Hassan n’umwunganira, ko urubanza RPAA 00224/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/02/2023 n’urubanza RPAA 00269/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/05/2023, zashingirwaho mukugabanyiriza Habumuremyi ibihano kuburyo yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5), rurasanga hakurikijwe itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe mugika kibanziriza iki, bigaragara ko izi manza zaciwe mbere yuko iryo tegeko risohoka bityo zikaba zidashobora gushingirwaho mukumugabanyiriza ibihano. [19] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 124, Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere Habumuremyi Hassan akurikiranwe mubutabera muburyo buzwi ndetse no kuba yemeye icyaha, rushingiye no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi n’ebyiri (12.000.000Frw) aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ingana na milioni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye.

n’ubwigenge bw’umucamanza kuko budatanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije bufasha umucamanza guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’igihano.

2 Reba igika cyarwo cya 26 aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mugihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe.

3 Reba igika cya 17-18 cy’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse.

4 Reba urubanza RPA 00461/2021/HC/KIG.

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[21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ndetse no kumurongo watanzwe murubanza RPAA 00364/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Harorimana Abel5, rurasanga, igihano Habumuremyi Hassan yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo kikaba kidakwiye kugabanywa. Rurasanga ariko hashingiwe kuriyo ngingo ya 2 agace ka (d) yagarutsweho, igihano gito cy’ihazabu giteganyirijwe icyo cyaha iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ari ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Bityo rero kuba itegeko rishya (N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023) ryarasohotse urubanza rwa Habumuremyi Hassan rutari rwaba itegeko, akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ihazabu yahanishijwe ringana na milioni icumi n’ebyiri(12.000.000Frw), agahanishwa ihazabu rya milioni eshanu(5.000.000Frw). [22] Hashingiwe kubimaze kuvugwa byose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyasabwe na Habumuremyi Hassan n’umwunganira, ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), agahabwa gito kingana n’igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5), ko Urukiko rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, nta shingiro bifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye kumpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 12, ahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15). III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Habumuremyi Hassan bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [24] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00461/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 25/07/2024, ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’ihazabu Habumuremyi Hassan yahanishijwe; [25] Ruhanishije Habumuremyi Hassan, igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw); [26] Rutegetse ko Habumuremyi Hassan asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

5 Mu gika cyarwo cya 15, Urukiko rushingiye kubiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d) y’Itegeko No 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwasobanuye ko ku cyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, mugihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rudashobora kujya munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni eshanu(5.000.000Frw).