HABYARIMANA N’ABANDI v LETA Y’U RWANDA

# HABYARIMANA N’ABANDI v LETA Y’U RWANDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-01-12 - Case/document no.: RAD 00023/2021/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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HABYARIMANA N’ABANDI v LETA Y’U RWANDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RAD 00023/2021/HC/KIG – (Nyirabagande, J. P.) 12 Mutarama 2022] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Umukozi wa Leta – Ibarwa ry’umushahara w’umukozi wa Leta – Mu kugena umushahara w’umukozi wa Leta wimuriwe mu bundi butegetsi bwa Leta hitabwa ku burambe no ku bushobozi yagaragaje, hakitabwa ku ntera ngazi ntambike yari agezeho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Habyarimana n’Abagenzi baregeye Urukiko Rukuru nyuma yo kwimurirwa muri MINEDUC bavuye muri REB, bavuga ko bambuwe uburambe bari basanganywe ku kazi no ku mashimwe bwabaheshaga kongererwa umushahara bituma bafatwa nk’abakozi b’abatangizi. Basaba uru Rukiko ko basubizwa uburenganzira bari basanganywe mbere yo kwimurwa bakagumana izamurwa mu ntambike bari barahawe no muri MINEDUC, ndetse bagahabwa ikinyuranyo cy’imishahara bakaswe kuva bimuwe kugeza bahawe ubutabera. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ikirego cyabo gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe ariko ko nta kinyuranyo k’imishahara bagomba guhabwa ahubwo ko bagomba gusubizwa uburenganzira bwabo ku bijyanye n’uburambe ndetse n’izamurwa mu ngazi ntambike bari bafite ku myanya bakoragamo muri REB. Bivuze ko bagomba kugenerwa imishahara hashingiwe ku rwego, umubare fatizo, agaciro k’umubare fatizo n’umushahara mbumbe bijyanye n’umwanya w’umurimo wo mu butegetsi bwite bwa Leta. Mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyo cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru havutse impaka maze Abarega batanga ikirego bavuga ko hari impaka mu buryo bwo kubara amafaranga y’ikinyuranyo ku mushahara bari guhembwa, ko hari gushingirwa ku mbonerahamwe batanze mu rubanza rurangizwa kuko MINEDUC itigeze iyigaragazaho impaka. Bavuga kandi ko batahawe indishyi zari zagenwe mu rubanza batsinze. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu kugena umushahara w’umukozi wa Leta wimuriwe mu bundi butegetsi bwa Leta hitabwa ku burambe no ku bushobozi yagaragaje, hakitabwa ku ntera ngazi ntambike yari agezeho. Bityo, Habyarimana n’Abagenzi be ntibagomba gufatwa nk’abatangizi muri MINEDUC bimuriwemo ahubwo bagomba guhabwa ikinyuranyo cy’umushahara bari guhembwa mu gihe cy’amezi 36 bamaze. Ikirego gifite ishingiro. Amagarama aherera ku ruhande rw’Uregwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekereye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Itegeko No 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 208. Iteka rya Perezida No 53/01 ryo ku wa 19/08/2015 rishyiraho imbonerahamwe y’urutonde rw’imirimo n’imibare fatizo y’imishahara mu butegetsi bwa Leta, ingingo ya 10. Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe N°121/03 ryo ku wa 08/09/2010 rishyiraho uburyo bukoreshwa mu isuzumabushobozi n’izamurwa mu ntera ry’abakozi ba Leta, ingingo ya 31. Nta manza zifashishijwe.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Abarega bahoze ari abakozi ba REB, uretse Ntaribi wari mu Kigo Gishinzwe umutungo Kamere, mu ivugururwa ry’inzego za Leta bimuriwe muri MINEDUC, ku mwanya w’ubugenzuzi bw’amasomo (Inspectors) kuva ku wa 2018, naho Nsabimana David na Umuteteri Olive bashyirwa ku myanya ya “school construction engeneers”, bagahembwa umushahara ujyanye n’urwego rw’umurimo bashyizweho. [2] Baregeye Urukiko Rukuru bavuga ko bambuwe uburambe bari basanganywe ku kazi no ku mashimwe bwabaheshaga kongererwa umushahara bituma bafatwa nk’abakozi b’abatangizi muri MINEDUC. Bavuga ko umukozi utangiye kuri uriya mwanya ahembwa 377.797 Frw ariko ko bo bari kuyarenza kubera uburambe bari basanganywe bakorera REB, bavuga ko biyambaje inzego zibifitiye ububasha, ikibazo nticyakemuka. Basaba gusubizwa uburenganzira bari basanganywe mbere yo kwimurirwa muri REB, bakagumana izamurwa mu ntambike bari barahawe no muri MINEDUC, ndetse bagahabwa ikinyuranyo cy’imishahara bakaswe kuva muri Werurwe 2018, kugeza bahawe ubutabera, nk’uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe igaragazwa. [3] Mu rubanza RAD 00009/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 12/02/2012, Urukiko Rukuru, rwemeje ko ikirego cy’abaregwa gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeje ko nta kinyuranyo ku mishahara Leta y’u Rwanda ibagomba; rutegeka Leta y’u Rwanda (Minisiteri y’uburezi) kwita ku burambe no ku izamurwa mu ngazi ntambike abarega bari bafite ku myanya bakoragamo muri REB kubera ko ari uburenganzira butakurwaho n’uko bimuriwe muri MINEDUC, ikanishyura 300.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka kuri bose, bakanasubizwa 40.000 Frw. [4] Urukiko rwasobanuye ko abo bakozi bagomba kugenerwa imishahara hashingiwe ku rwego, umubare fatizo, agaciro k’umubare fatizo n’umushahara mbumbe bijyanye n’umwanya w’umurimo wo mu butegetsi bwite bwa Leta, hashingiwe ku Itegeko rya Minisitiri w’Intebe No 53/03 ryo ku wa 14/07/2012 rishyiraho imishahara n’ibindi bigenerwa abakozi bo mu Butegetsi bwite bwa Leta, ko batajya muri MINEDUC ngo basabe umushahara wo muri REB. Rwasobanuye kandi mu kugena imishahara hitabwa ku burambe bw’umukozi no ku bushobozi yagaragaje, hakitabwa ku ntera mu nganzi ntambike bari bagezeho kuko ari uburenganzira ntayegayezwa, bakaba rero batafatwa nk’abatangizi, nk’uko bivugwa mu ngingo ya 31 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe N°121/03 ryo ku wa 08/09/2010 rishyiraho uburyo bukoreshwa mu isuzumabushobozi n’izamurwa mu ntera ry’abakozi ba Leta. [5] Mu gushyira icyemezo cy’Urukiko mu bikorwa, mu ibaruwa ya Minisitiri w’Uburezi yanditswe ku wa 21/06/2021, yandikiye abatsinze urubanza RAD 00009/2021/HC/KIG ko buri wese agomba guhabwa ikinyuranyo ku mushahara bari guhembwa kingana na 148.687 Frw mu gihe cy’amezi 36. Abatsinze urubanza batanze ikirego bavuga ko hari impaka mu buryo bwo kubara ariya mafaranga y’ikinyuranyo, ko hari gushingirwa ku mbonerahamwe batanze mu rubanza rurangizwa kuko MINEDUC itigeze iyigaragazaho impaka. Bavuga kandi ko batahawe indishyi zari zagenwe mu rubanza batsinze. [6] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 16/12/2021, abajuriye bahagarariwe na Me Nsabimana Joseph, naho Leta y’u Rwanda (MINEDUC) ititabye, kandi yaramenyeshejwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ahubwo PS yanditse avuga ko iminsi 3 ari mike yo kuba hashatswe ibimenyetso byo kwiregura, ibi ntibyahabwa agaciro kuko ari ikirego kihutirwa, iburanishwa idahari. Urubanza rwaraburanishijwe, hatangwa itariki ruzasomerwaho, ariko igihe cyo gufata icyemezo, bigaragara ko

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hari ibigomba gusobanuka ku buryo bwo kubara imishahara. Rutumiza abashinzwe kubara imishahara muri MINEDUC ndetse no muri MIFOTRA kugira ngo hagaragazwe uburyo abarega MINEDUC bagombaga kubarirwa imishahara ku buryo buteganywa n’amategeko. Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa, abatumijwe batitabiriye iburanisha, Me Nsabimana Joseph asaba ko hashingirwa ku myanzuro no ku kutitaba nta mpamvu kw’abakozi bashinzwe imishahara na Leta y’u Rwanda. [7] Ikibazo gisuzumwa ni ukumenya niba hari impaka II. IKIBAZO KIBONEKA MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO 1. Kumenya niba mu rubanza rurangizwa harimo impaka mu kubara umushahara mu gihe habayeho izamurwa mu ntera ku ngazi ntambike [8] Ingingo ya 208 y’Itegeko No 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko impaka zishingiye ku irangiza ry’urubanza ryaba riri gukorwa cyangwa ryararangiye zikemurwa n’urukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma cyangwa urwemeje ko urubanza rwo mu mahanga rurangizwa mu Rwanda mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15 guhera igihe urukiko rwakiriye ikirego. Bene izo manza ntizijuririrwa. [9] Ingingo ya 10 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 53/01 ryo ku wa 19/08/2015 rishyiraho imbonerahamwe y’urutonde rw’imirimo n’imibare fatizo y’imishahara mu butegetsi bwa Leta, iteganya ko iyo iyo imyanya y’imirimo iri ku nzego za 3 kugeza kuri 14, kuyizamukaho mu ntera ntambike uva kuri I ujya kuri II bihesha umukozi uzamuwe uburenganzira ku nyongera ya 5% y’umubare fatizo. Kuva ku ngazi ntambike ya II ujya ku ya III, bihesha umukozi uzamuwe uburenganzira ku nyongera ya 15% by’umubare fatizo. Ku myanya y’imirimo yose, iyo umukozi avuye ku ngazi ntambike ya III ajya ku ikurikiye kugeza kuya XVI, buri zamurwa mu ngazi ntambike imwe rimuhesha uburenganzira ku nyongera ya 10% by’umubare fatizo. Iyo umwanya w’umutangizi ufite ingazi ntambike ya III cyangwa iyisumba, buri zamurwa mu ngazi ntambike ry’umukozi uwukoraho rimuhesha uburenganzira ku nyongera ya 10% by’umubare fatizo. [10] Mu ngingo zisobanuwe haruguru, zumvikanisha ko impaka zivutse mu irangiza ry’urubanza zikemurwa n’Urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza bwa nyuma, hanyuma hanagaragazwa uburenganzira ku ngano y’inyongera igenerwa umukozi wazamuwe mu ngazi ntambike kuva ku ya I kugera ku XVI. [11] Mu rubanza RAD 00009/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 12/02/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko abareze bagaragajwe mu mwirondoro badakwiye gufatwa nk’abatangizi kuko mbere yo kuzanwa ku mwanya wa “Inspector” muri MINEDUC bahoze ari abakozi muri REB. Hasobanurwa ko mu kugena imishahara hagomba kwitabwa ku burambe bw’umukozi no ku bushobozi yagaragaje, hakitabwa ku ntera mu nganzi ntambike bari bagezeho kuko ari uburenganzira ntayegayezwa, bakaba rero batafatwa nk’abatangizi, nk’uko bivugwa mu ngingo ya 31 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe N°121/03 ryo ku wa 08/09/2010 rishyiraho uburyo bukoreshwa mu isuzumabushobozi n’izamurwa mu ntera ry’abakozi ba Leta. [12] Mu irangiza ry’urwo rubanza, mu ibaruwa yayo yo ku wa 21/06/2021 yanditswe na MINEDUC yiswe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyemezo cy’Urukiko ivuga ko ikinyuranyo cya “index” ikomoka ku burambe n’izamurwa mu ntera ari 11, ko rero ikinyuranyo mu mezi 36 ari 148.867 Frw. Bavuga ko basabye ko bikosorwa ntibabone igisubizo, baregera Urukiko basaba ko impaka ku buryo babariwe ikinyuranyo ku mushahara zakemurwa.

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[13] Me Sibomana Joseph uhagarariye abarega, avuga ko uburyo babariwe ikinyuranyo butubahirije ibigenwa mu Iteka ryavuzwe, bikaba bitashoboka ko ikinyuranyo ku kwezi gihwana na 4.130 Frw, mu gihe ahubwo ikinyuranyo cyagombye kungana na 119.589 Frw yiyongera ku mushahara wa 377.797 Frw, hanyuma mu gihe cy’amezi 36 bikangana na 4.305.2004 Frw, kuko hari abari bazamuwe mu ntera inshuro 3. Avuga ko uburyo bwo kubara bwari bwagaragajwe mu mbonerahamwe yatanzwe mu rubanza rurangizwa kandi ntibyavugurujwe n’uwari uhagarariye MINEDUC. Basaba ko izo mpaka zakosorwa, kandi bakishyurwa andi mafaranga yagenwe mu rubanza rurarangizwa, hiyongeyeho indishyi zo gukerezwa kugenerwa ibyo bemerewe n’Urukiko n’igihembo cya avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [14] Mu rubanza rurangizwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwari rwemeje ko abarega bafite uburenganzira ku izamurwa mu ngazi ntambike, muri urwo rubanza hari hagaragajwe imbonerahamwe abarega bavuga ko ari yo yagombaga gushingirwaho babarirwa ikinyuranyo ku mushahara bahawe mu gihe cy’amezi 36 bamaze muri MINEDUC, uhagarariye Leta ntiyagaragaje ko ubwo buryo bwo kubara bwaba bunyuranyije n’iteka ryavuzwe. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 21/06/2021 yanditswe na MINEDUC yiswe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyemezo cy’Urukiko, bamenyeshejwe ko ikinyuranyo bakwiye guhabwa mu gihe cy’amezi 36 ari 148.867 Frw, bivuze ko ku kwezi ari 4.130 Frw. Urukiko rusanga rero hari impaka ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyemezo cy’urukiko ku birebana n’uburyo bwo kubara ikinyuranyo cy’umushahara ku bakozi bavuzwe, hashingiwe ku mushahara wa 377.797 Frw, hakongerwaho uburenganzira bakomora ku kuzamurwa mu ntera y’ingazi ntambike. Izi mpaka rero zikaba zikwiye gukemurwa n’uru Rukiko kuko ari rwo rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa nyuma. [16] Ku byerekeranye n’uburyo bwo kubara ikinyuranyo ku mushahara abarega bagombaga guhabwa, Urukiko rusanga hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru, mu kubara umushahara hagomba kwitabwa ku izamurwa mu ntera y’ingazi ntambike, nk’uko byagaragajwe mu mbonerahamwe yatanzwe mu rubanza rurangizwa, itaragiweho impaka. Ibiyikubiyemo kandi bihura n’ibisobanurwa n’abarega, bitanavugurujwe n’uregwa, hakitabwa ku nshuro buri wese yari azamuwe, bigahuzwa kandi n’amakuru yatanzwe n’abafite ubuhanga mu kubara imishahara babajijwe n’urukiko, ko umukozi uri ku rwego rwa 4.III, uzamuwe inshuro 3, agera kuri 5.III, ko umushara we uba ungana na 497.386 Frw, uyu mushahara unagereranywa n’umushahara wa Habimana Jacques (TTC Pedagogical Inspector in the Minsitry) uzamuwe kabiri. [17] Bityo rero, mu kubara ikinyuranyo ku mishahara y’abareze hitawe ku kuzamurwa mu ntera y’iganzi ntambike, hagomba gukoreshwa “formule” iteganywa mu Iteka, nk’uko igaragazwa hasi1, yerekana ko umukozi wazamuwe mu ntera incuro eshatu, yahembwa umushahara ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo cyenda na birindwi na magana atatu na mirongo inani n’atandatu (497.386 Frw). [18] Uburyo abarega bagaragaza ko bagombye kubarirwa ikinyuranyo ku mushahara, bakanabigaragaza muri “formule”, Urukiko rusanga bikwiye guhabwa agaciro kubera ko urwego (MINEDUC) rutagize ubushake bwo kwitabira iburanisha ngo rutange amakuru akenewe cyangwa

1 Hashingiwe ku biboneka mu Iiteka rya Perezida No53/01 ryo uwa 19/08/2015, MINEDUC ifite “index value” ya 350, umwanya wa “inspector” waho uri kuri 4.III; ku baregwa bazamuwe mu ntera y’ingazi ntambike eshatu yari kuba kuri 4.III+III+ 4, uyu mwanya ufite index ya 1747. Kubara bigakorwa muri uru buryo, umushahara utahanwa (salaire net) bigakorwa kuri uru buryo: umushahara (salaire de base) = “index value” y’ikigo 350 x index y’umukozi x1747= 611.450 Frw. Icumbi (housing) = 611.450:7= 87.350 Frw; Transport = 611450 Fw:7= 87.350 Frw. umushahara mbumbe ubarwa: Umushahara mbumbe (Salaire brut) + 611.450 Frw (salaire net) + icumbi +transport muri ayo hakatwamo ibiteganywa n’amategeko hasigara 497.386 Frw.

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ruvuguruze ayatanzwe. Nk’uko biboneka muri dosiye, urubanza rwimuwe, handitswe ko ugomba kuburanira Leta y’u Rwanda (MINEDUC) atabonetse, urubanza rwimurirwa mu minsi itatu kubera ko ari ikirego kihutirwa, urwego ntirwitaba ku mpamvu idateganyijwe n’amategeko; hafatwa icyemezo ko umukozi ushinzwe imishahara muri MINEDUC n’uwo muri MIFOTRA bakwitabira iburanisha bagatanga amakuru akenewe mu bumenyi bwihariye bwo kubara imishahara, ntibitaba Urukiko kandi nta mpamvu yatanzwe. Uko kubura k’urwego na byo bikaba bigaragaza ko ntacyo bashaka kuvuga ku buryo iriya mishahara yabazwe, ariko bikaba bitabuza Urukiko rufata icyemezo. 2. Ku byerekeranye n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza zasabwe n’abarega [19] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekereye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. [20] Me Sibomana Joseph uhagarariye abarega yasabye ko bagenerwa indishyi z’ubukererwe mu guhabwa ibyo batsindiye, bakagenerwa indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. [21] Urukiko rusanga kuba abarega bakomeje kujyanwa mu nkiko nta mpamvu, batakaza umwanya n’amafaranga, bishyuye avoka, bakaba bagomba kwishyurwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya avoka ahwanye na 500.000 Frw abariwe hamwe ku baburanyi bose, hamwe n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri wese; buri wese kandi agasubizwa amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000 Frw) yatanze ajurira, bakanahabwa kandi n’indishyi zagenwe mu rubanza rwarangizwaga. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Habyarimana Augustin, Yokana Uwabazigaba Domina, Nsengimana Jean Pierre, Kayitare Mugabe Samuel, Uwamungu Victorien, Ntaribi Théogène, Kamana R Laurent, Uwimana Delphine, Twongyeirwe Robert, Nzayisenga Léopold, Muhire Livingstone, Habiryayo Athanase, gifite ishingiro. [23] Rwemeje ko hari impaka ku byerekeranye no gushyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cy’urukiko cyafashwe mu rubanza No RAD 00009/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 12/02/2021. [24] Rwemeje ko mu kugena ikinyuranyo cy’umushahara abarega batahawe, habarirwa ku mafaranga ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo cyenda na birindwi na magana atatu na mirongo inani n’atandatu (497.386 Frw), umushahara wa buri kwezi, ku bareze bazamuwe incuro 3, hakabarirwa kandi ku mafaranga ibihumbi magana ane na cumi na bitatu na magana inani na mirongo cyenda n’ane (413.894 Frw) ku bazamuwe incuro 2; hakuwemo amafaranga bahembwaga, mu gihe cy’amezi 36. [25] Rutegetse kandi Leta y’u Rwanda (MINEDUC) kwihyura abareze indishyi zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya avoka, amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri wese n’ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000 Frw) y’igarama buri wese yatanze arega. [26] Rutegetse kandi Leta y’u Rwanda (MINEDUC) kwishyura indishyi nk’uko zagenwe mu rubanza rurangizwa.