UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABYARIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABYARIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-14 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01222/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABYARIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01222/2024/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 15 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza - Imanza z’inshinjabyaha - Ikoreshwa ry’imirongo – Ihinduka ry’itegeko - Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Habyarimana yafashwe n’inzego z’umutekano acuruza urumogi udupfunyika 32, afatanwa n’amafaranga 51000 Frw, icyo gihe aza gutoroka ariko nyuma yongera gufatanwa udupfunyika 7 n’amafaranga 13000 Frw. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge icyaha cyo kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Urukiko rwasanze uregwa ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, rumukatira igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyrizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, urukiko rwasanze uregwa akwiye kugabanyrizwa igihano, rumukatira igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw. Habyarimana yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyrizwa igihano, uru rukiko rusuzuma niba yagabanyirizwa igihano. Uregwa asaba Urukiko ko rwakongera kubona ko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa kugeza ubu, kandi akaba akicuza anagisabira imbabazi, rukamugabanyiriza igihano yahawe cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw kuko yagororotse kubera ko amaze imyaka ibiri n’emezi icyenda afunze. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo uregwa asaba yabihawe kuko yakuriweho igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw, akaba asanga ibyo asaba yarabihawe. Incamake y’ikibazo: 1. Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe; 2. Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho:

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00538/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025; RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022; RPAA 00769/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bizabarimana Cléophas, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/05/2025; RPAA 01273/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndikubwimana Jean Damascene, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 05/01/2022 saa 11h23, abakozi ba ANU bafashe umusore witwa Habyarimana Salomon, afatana “boules”” 32 z’urumogi azicuruza n’amafaranga 51.000 Frw, abanza kubeshya ko yitwa HAKUZIMANA Jean Paul kugira ngo bitagaragara ko yakatiwe n’inkiko kuri icyo cyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, akaba yarafatiwe mu Murenge wa Kimihurura, Akagari ka Kimihurura, Umudugudu w'Intambwe, aza gutoroka ajyanywe kubazwa mu mu Bushinjacyaha, nyuma yongera gufatwa kandi nabwo afatanwa urumogi “boules” 7 ari gucuruza n'amafaranga 13.800 Frw. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. [3] Habyarimana Salomon yaburanye yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi. [4] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza No RP 00118/2022/TGI/NYGE ku wa 28/03/2022, ruhamya Habyarimana Salomon icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwe no ku buhamya bwa Mbonigaba François wemeza ko Habyarimana Salomon asanzwe acuruza urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw. [5] Habyarimana Salomon yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije ibihano bikakaye kandi yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Habyarimana Salomon yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20 ans) kuko ari isubiracyaha. [7] Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza No RPA 00661/2022/HC/KIG ku wa 31/10/2024, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’ Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1, no kuba urumogi

1 iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho ihazabu ikaba ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ y’ihazabu ntoya iteganywa n’itegeko.

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yafatanywe rwarafatiriwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw. [8] Habyarimana Salomon yarongeye ajuririra imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa No RPAA 01222/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 02/12/2025, Habyarimana Salomon yunganiwe na Me Musasangohe Illuminée naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire bwe yo ku wa 08/11/2024 no mu miburanire, Habyarimana Salomon asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa kugeza ubu, kandi akaba akicuza anagisabira imbabazi, avuga kandi ko amaze kugororoka kuko amaze imyaka ibiri n’amezi icyenda afunze. [10] Me Musasangohe Illuminée umwunganira, avuga ko mu rwego rw’amategeko asanga igihano Habyarimana Salomon yahanishijwe ari cyo gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Habyarimana Salomon asaba yabihawe kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije. [12] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba Habyarimana Salomon yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Habyarimana Salomon yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [13] Habyarimana Salomon asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko rwakongera kubona ko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa kugeza ubu, kandi akaba akicuza anagisabira imbabazi, rukamugabanyiriza igihano yahawe cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw kuko yagororotse kubera ko amaze imyaka ibiri n’emezi icyenda afunze. [14] Avoka umwunganira avuga ko kubwe asanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw Habyarimana Salomon yahawe nk’umuntu waburanye yemera icyaha cyubahirije amategeko kuko ari cyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Habyarimana Salomon asaba yabihawe kuko yakuriweho igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw, akaba asanga ibyo asaba yarabihawe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba byashoboka ko Habyarimana Salomon yongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [17] Ibyerekeranye no kongera kugabanyiriza igihano umuburanyi wahanishijwwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu, ku cyaha yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu mu

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gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude. Muri urwo rubanza, Cyuzuzo Jean Claude wahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5,000,000 Frw ku icyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje (igika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza) ko “mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe ku bahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi bahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bakajurira basaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, uru Rukiko rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul2, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, maze rwemeza ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha.” Uyu murongo wakoreshejwe mu zindi manza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko3. [18] Mu rubanza rujuririrwa (igika cya 10), Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko ari ubwa mbere Habyarimana Salomon akurikiranywe n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba urumogi yafatanywe rwarafatiriwe, rushingiye kandi ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange; rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw mu mwanya w’igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00538/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude, rurasaga ibyo Habyarimana Salomon yajuririye uru Rukiko asaba kongera akagabanyirizwa igihano, nta shingiro bifite kuko igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko ari cyo gihano gito Itegeko riteganya kidashobora kujyibwa munsi, ndetse n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000Frw Urukiko Rukuru rwamutegetse kwishyura iri munsi ya ¼ cya 20.000.000 Frw iteganywa n’Itegeko, yagombaga guhanishwa mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha4.

2 Uru rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. 3 Urugero: Urubanza Nº RPAA 00769/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/05/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BIZABARIMANA Cléophas (igika cya 30); Urubanza Nº RPAA 01273/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na NDIKUBWIMANA Jean Damascene (igika cya 10); n’izindi. 4 Ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) y’itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano, igifungo cya burundu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, n’agace ka (d) gateganya ko igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe .

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[20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri ibyo bisobanuro rero, rurasanga ubujurire bwa Habyarimana Salomon nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00661/2022/HC/KIG rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habyarimana Salomon nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00661/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 31/10/2024, idahindutse, igihano cy’ igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 Frw Habyarimana Salomon yahanishijwe kigumyeho; [23] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku isanduku ya Leta, kuko Habyarimana Salomon afunze.