UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. HAGENIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. HAGENIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00414/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. HAGENIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00414/2023/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.,) 29 Gashyantare 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka irindwi (7) y’amavuko – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Incamake y’Ikibazo: Hagenimana Alphonse yasambanyije umwana witwa N. C. w’imyaka irindwi (7) y’amavuko, we ari mukuru afite imyaka makumyabiri n’itandatu (26) y’amavuko, abikorera mu kizu kitagira abantu, umwana ageze iwabo abibwira nyina, uyu arebye ku ikariso y’umwana abona haratose, ahita ajya kubimenyesha abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, Hagenimana Alphonse arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu burega Hagenimana Alphonse icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Hagenimana Alphonse yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, asobanura ko yari yanyweye inzoga asangira n’uwo mwana, umwana amusaba ko bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina abanza kubyanga, nyuma arabyemera amujyana mu kizu kitabamo abantu aramusambanya, arangije aramuheka amujyana iwabo. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Hagenimana Alphonse yasambanyije umwana, birimo kuba yemera icyaha agasobanura n’uburyo yagikoze, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, ubuhamya bwatanzwe, maze rumuhamya icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Hagenimana Alphonse yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, kubera ko kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha agisabira imbabazi. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko kuba Hagenimana Alphonse yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose, byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasanze ubujurire bwa Hagenimana Alphonse bufite ishingiro, maze rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yemeye icyaha akacyicuza agasobanura n’uburyo yagikoze, rumugabanyiriza igihano kigera ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’igifungo. Hagenimana yajuririye nanone Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha yarezwe cyo gusambanya umwana, agasaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa kubera ko yemeye icyaha atananije inzego zose yanyuzemo kuva agifatwa, ko kandi icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka mbi cyateje. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire Hagenimana Alphonse atanga asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ari nazo zaburanyweho mu bujurire bwe bwa mbere mu Rukiko

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Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, kandi ko rwamugabanyirije igihano kuko yemera icyaha, kiva ku gifungo cya burundu kigera ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), kandi ko ibyakozwe n’Umucamanza wo mu bujurire bwa mbere bikwiye kandi bikurikije amategeko, ko nta nenge cyangwa ikosa birimo, bityo, urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rudakwiriye guhindurwa, cyane cyane ko igihano yahawe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. 2. Urukiko rwasanze Hagenimana Alphonse yarakoze icyaha gikomeye cyo gusambanya umwana muto w’imyaka irindwi (7) y’amavuko, utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko, we ari mukuru afite imyaka makumyabiri n’itandatu (26) y’amavuko, agabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kandi aracyicuza, bityo ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), icyo gihano rero nticyakongera kugabanywa kuko nicyo gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire Imanza zifashishijwe, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe:

Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; Urubanza RPAA 00467/2023/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayambaje Patrick, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/09/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 15/02/2020, Hagenimana Alphonse yasambanyije umwana witwa N. C. w’imyaka irindwi (7) y’amavuko, abikorera mu kizu kitagira abantu, umwana ageze iwabo abibwira nyina, uyu arebye ku ikariso y’umwana abona haratose, ahita ajya kubimenyesha abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, Hagenimana Alphonse arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu burega Hagenimana Alphonse icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

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[3] Hagenimana Alphonse yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, asobanura ko yari yanyweye inzoga asangira n’uwo mwana, umwana amusaba ko bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina abanza kubyanga, nyuma arabyemera amujyana mu kizu kitabamo abantu aramusambanya, arangije aramuheka amujyana iwabo. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00337/2020/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 12/06/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Hagenimana Alphonse yasambanyije umwana, birimo kuba yemera icyaha agasobanura n’uburyo yagikoze, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Hakuzimana Victoire wabonye Hagenimana Alphonse ahetse umwana n’icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko ubwo yasambanywaga yari afite imyaka irindwi (7) n’amezi arindwi (7) y’amavuko, rumuhamya icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Hagenimana Alphonse yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, kubera ko kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha agisabira imbabazi. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko kuba Hagenimana Alphonse yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose, byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa igihano. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00582/2020/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 30/05/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasanze ubujurire bwa Hagenimana Alphonse bufite ishingiro, maze rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yemeye icyaha akacyicuza agasobanura n’uburyo yagikoze, rumugabanyiriza igihano kigera ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’igifungo. [7] Hagenimana Alphonse yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00414/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 11/11/2024 Hagenimana Alphonse yunganiwe na Me Rwimo Clotilde, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Hagenimana Alphonse avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, agasaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Hagenimana Alphonse yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, kandi ko igihano yahawe aricyo itegeko riteganya. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Hagenimana Alphonse yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Hagenimana Alphonse yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa [10] Hagenimana Alphonse avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha yarezwe cyo gusambanya umwana, agasaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa kubera ko yemeye icyaha atananije inzego zose yanyuzemo kuva agifatwa, ko kandi icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka mbi cyateje. [11] Me Rwimo Clotilde avuga ko, ubwo yajuriraga, Hagenimana Alphonse yari afite uburenganzira bwo kugabanyirizwa igihano kikagera munsi y’igihano gito itegeko ryateganyirizaga icyaha yakoze, kuko imirongo yagenderwagaho n’uru Rukiko icyo gihe

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yabimwereraga, ariko ko mu gihe ubujurire bwe bwari butaraburanishwa hasohotse Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya uburyo igihano gishobora kugabanywa mu gihe Umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cya burundu kikagabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ko kuba rero yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ari nacyo gito itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha yakoze, habaho guhuza ubujurire bwa Hagenimana Alphonse n’ibiteganywa n’itegeko. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire Hagenimana Alphonse atanga asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ari nazo zaburanyweho mu bujurire bwe bwa mbere mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, kandi ko rwamugabanyirije igihano kuko yemera icyaha, kiva ku gifungo cya burundu kigera ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko ibyakozwe n’Umucamanza wo mu bujurire bwa mbere bikwiye kandi bikurikije amategeko, ko nta nenge cyangwa ikosa birimo, urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rudakwiriye guhindurwa, cyane cyane ko igihano yahawe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ku byerekeye kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00467/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/09/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndayambaje Patrick. [15] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Hagenimana Alphonse igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka irindwi (7) y’amavuko, Urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [16] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, Hagenimana Alphonse yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere yemera ko yasambanyije umwana witwa N. C. w’imyaka irindwi (7) y’amavuko, asobanura ko yabitewe n’inzoga yari yanyweye, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwamuhamya icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso rwashyikirijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Mu bujurire, Hagenimana Alphonse yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yemera icyaha kandi

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agaragaza kwicuza, rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Hagenimana Alphonse yarakoze icyaha gikomeye cyo gusambanya umwana muto w’imyaka irindwi (7) y’amavuko, utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko, we ari mukuru afite imyaka makumyabiri n’itandatu (26) y’amavuko, agabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kandi aracyicuza, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), icyo gihano rero nticyakongera kugabanywa kuko nicyo gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, kandi gikurikije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a), y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo uwunganira Hagenimana Alphonse avuga ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingirwa ku mirongo rwashingiragaho igihe yajuriraga bitahabwa ishingiro, kuko iyo mirongo yari ishingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 nk’uko ryavuzwe haruguru, iyo ngingo rero akaba ariyo igomba gukurikizwa. [19] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a), y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, imirongo yatanzwe mu manza byavuzwe haruguru no ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Hagenimana Alphonse bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Hagenimana Alphonse bugamije kugabanyisha igihano nta shingiro bufite; [21] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00582/2020/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 30/05/2023 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [22] Rutegetse ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Hagenimana Alphonse yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi irindwi (7) y’amavuko kigumyeho ; [23] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Hagenimana Alphonse yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.

1 ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 (…)”.