UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAGENIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAGENIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00745/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAGENIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE RPAA 00745/2024/CA (Mukandamage P.J.) 21 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa Igihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’Ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye Hagenimana ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa I. A. w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore kuva 19/08/2020, hanyuma ku wa 02/12/2020 arafatwa atangira gukurikiranwa. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Hagenimana yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko aburana ku rwego rwa mbere yari atarabona ibimenyetso by’uko umukobwa yari mukuru, ko ifishi yakingirijweho n’iya batisimu bigaragaza ko yavutse ku wa 13/01/2001, asaba kurenganurwa. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rusanga ibimenyetso uregwa atanga mu kugaragaraza imyaka y’umukobwa bitashingirwaho, kubera ko icyemezo cy’amavuko cyatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe irangamimerere aricyo gifite agaciro, hanyuma rumugabanyiriza igihano mu rwego rwo kugihuza n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, rumuhanisha imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’igifungo. Uregwa yarongeye arajurira noneho mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko ibihano Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwamuhanishije biremereye, agasaba ko byakongera kugabanywa bikajya munsi y’ibyo itegeko riteganya. Avuga kandi ko igihano cyagabanywa kubera ko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka mbi cyateje, kandi ko we n’umukobwa aregwa gusambanya bakundanaga. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko Urukiko rutabona aho rushingira rwongera kumugabanyiriza igihano, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakigabanyije hashingiwe ku kuba igihano cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa kugera ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’igifungo, mu gihe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zahawe ishingiro, kandi ko icyo gihano ni cyo yahawe. Incamake y’Icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko

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amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko Yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange,Ingingo ya 49 Ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Imanza z’Ifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Habimana, RPAA 00291/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Faustin, RPAA 00158/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana alias Sankara, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. Imiterere y’Urubanza [1] Hagenimana yarezwe mu Bugenzacyaha na Minani Vincent avuga ko yasambanyije umwana we witwa I. A. w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, babana nk’umugabo n’umugore kuva ku wa 19/08/2020, hanyuma ku wa 02/12/2020 arafatwa atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma burega Hagenimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Uregwa yaburanye yemera ko yabanye na I. A. nk’umugabo n’umugore, avuga ko mu gihe babanye bakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina, ariko ko yari azi ko uwo mukobwa afite imyaka y’ubukure. [4] Mu rubanza n° RP 01258/2020/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 28/01/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Hagenimana yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore, birimo imvugo ze yemera icyaha, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe n’icyemezo cy’amavuko, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [5] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko aburana ku rwego rwa mbere yari atarabona ibimenyetso by’uko umukobwa yari mukuru, ko ifishi yakingirijweho n’iya batisimu bigaragaza ko yavutse ku wa 13/01/2001, asaba kurenganurwa.

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Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko umwanzuro w’inyongera watanzwe na Hagenimana utagomba kwakirwa, kubera ko harimo impamvu y’ubujurire yatanze nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire. [6] Mu rubanza n° RPA 00336/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze ibimenyetso Uregwa atanga mu kugaragaraza imyaka y’umukobwa bitashingirwaho, kubera ko icyemezo cy’amavuko cyatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe irangamimerere aricyo gifite agaciro, hanyuma rumugabanyiriza igihano mu rwego rwo kugihuza n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, rumuhanisha imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’igifungo. [7] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa n° RPAA 00745/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/03/2025, Hagenimana yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza Lilian, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyonkuru Françoise, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Uregwa avuga ko ibihano Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwamuhanishije biremereye, agasaba ko byakongera kugabanywa bikajya munsi y’ibyo itegeko riteganya. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Hagenimana nta shingiro bufite, kuko igihano yahawe aricyo giteganywa n’itegeko. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Hagenimana yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba igihano Hagenimana yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana cyakongera kugabanywa [10] Uregwa avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije, agasaba ko cyagabanywa kubera ko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka mbi cyateje, kandi ko we n’umukobwa aregwa gusamanya bakundanaga. [11] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga ko kugabanya igihano kikagera ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) kivuye ku myaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) bidahagije, bagasaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubika y’u Rwanda, iya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange n’iya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [12] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko mu kugabanya igihano hashingirwa ku rubanza nº RPAA 00583/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/10/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mubyariyehe Emmanuel wagabanyirijwe igihano yari yahanishijwe, kubera ko urukiko rwasanze yaricujije bihagije kandi ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranwe mu butabera. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Hagenimana nta shingiro ifite, ko uru Rukiko rutabona aho rushingira rwongorera kumugabanyiriza igihano, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakigabanyije rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a), y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa

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30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko igihano cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa kugera ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’igifungo, mu gihe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zahawe ishingiro, kandi ko icyo gihano ari cyo yahawe. Avuga na none ko icyo gihano kitagabanywa hashingiwe ku rubanza nº RPAA 00583/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/10/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUBYARIYEHE Emmanuel, kuko urukiko rwashingiye ku ngingo y’itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru ryasohotse nyuma y’uko ruciwe. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange Hagenimana asaba ko yashingirwaho agabanyirizwe ibihano idategeka Umucamanza kugabanya ibihano kugera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza nº RPAA 00052/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bihoyiki Jean, ahubwo ko iyo ngingo ivuga ku byo Umucamanza ashingiraho mu gutanga igihano ndetse n’uko abyitwaramo iyo hari impurirane z’impamvu zashingirwaho, ariko ko byose bikorwa mu mbago z’ibihano amategeko ateganya. Uko Urukiko rubibona [15] Ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza nº RPAA 00291/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habimana Gérard. [16] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Hagenimana igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko bakabana nk’umugabo n’umugore, urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, Hagenimana yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere yemeye icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bakabana nk’umugabo n’umugore, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Mu bujurire, Hagenimana yasabye ko yagirwa umwere ku cyaha aregwa kuko umukobwa babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore yari afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko ubwo babanaga, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rusanga ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ariko mu rwego guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, runashingiye ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº

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059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Hagenimana yarakoze icyaha gikomeye cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore we afite imyaka makumyabiri n’itatu (23) y’amavuko, kuko gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, kandi mu manza rwaciye hari izacyemuye ikibazo nk’ikiri muri uru rubanza, harimo urubanza nº RPAA 00158/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa Urubanza Nº RPAA 00745/2024/CA 28/06/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Faustin wakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko we afite imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) y’amavuko, babana nk’umugabo n’umugore, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha no ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), kivuye ku myaka makumyabiri (20). [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru, rurasanga Hagenimana yaragabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije kandi bukurikije amategeko, igihano yahawe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa, kuko aricyo gito itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha yakoze mu gihe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zahawe ishingiro. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi urubanza nº RPAA 00583/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/10/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mubyariyehe Emmanuel rutashingirwaho Hagenimana agabanyirizwa igihano, kuko umurongo ugaragara muri izo manza wo kugabanya igihano kugera munsi y’igito giteganywa n’Itegeko wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yasimbuwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi mu rubanza nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BIMENYIMANA Jean Paul, rwasobanuye ko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. [21] Hashingiwe ku manza zatanze imirongo no kubisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Hagenimana bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Hagenimana nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 00336/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 12/07/2024 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [24] Rutegetse ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Hagenimana yahawe ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko akabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore kigumyeho;

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[25] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko hagenimana yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.