UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00777/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00777/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 28 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Icyaha cyo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Kugabanyiriza ibihano – Abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ntibashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Incamake y’ikibazo: Hakizimana alias Kabutura Jali, yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 168, ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwege (urumogi), mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, busaba gushingira ku bimenyetso bwagaragaje rukakimuhamya, akagihanirwa. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Hakizimana, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, maze ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). Hakizimana alias Kabutura yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi kuva agifatwa kugeze aburana imbere y’Urukiko yaremeye icyaha asaba imbabazi ndetse akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera, bityo asaba ko ibyo byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, maze akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Hakizimana yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, maze ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Hakizimana alias Kabutura yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano ku buryo buhagije kuko yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, akanasaba ko igihano cyasubikwa kuko ari ubwambere aguye mu cyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano Hakizimana alias Kabutura yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, kandi ko kidashobora gusubikwa kuko kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. Incamake y’icyemezo: Abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ntibashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

## Page 2

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2; Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00295/2024/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Diane; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00347/2024/CA, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Muhirwa Elisé; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00333/2024/CA, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Ngirinshuti Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025. Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 21/04/2021, Hakizimana alias Kabutura ari mu Mudugudu wa Gitaba, Akagali ka Nyakabungo, Umurenge wa Jali, yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 168, ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwege (urumogi), mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, busaba gushingira ku bimenyetso bwagaragaje rukakimuhamya, akagihanirwa. Hakizimana alias Kabutura yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi akagisabira imbabazi. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00558/2021/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 30/07/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Hakizimana Alias Kabutura wemera ko yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 168 akanemera ko yarucuruzaga akabisabira imbabazi no kuba urwo rumogi rwarafatiriwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw), rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. [3] Hakizimana alias Kabutura yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi kuva agifatwa kugeze aburana imbere y’Urukiko yaremeye icyaha asaba imbabazi ndetse akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera, asaba ko ibyo byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, maze akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. [4] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko Hakizimana alias Kabutura akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). [5] Mu rubanza RPA 001298/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Hakizimana alias Kabutura yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni

## Page 3

eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1.

[6] Hakizimana alias Kabutura yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00777/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 06/03/2025, yunganiwe na Me Munyansanga Gisèlle, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Hakizimana alias Kabutura na Me Munyansanga Gisèlle basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano ku buryo buhagije kuko yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, Munyansanga Gisèlle akanasaba ko igihano Hakizimana yahabwa cyasubikwa kuko ari ubwambere aguye mu cyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano Hakizimana alias Kabutura yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, kandi ko kidashobora gusubikwa kuko kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. [8] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza hagiye gusuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Hakizimana alias Kabutura yakongera kugabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Hakizimana alias Kabutura yakongera kugabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa ibihano [9] Hakizimana alias Kabutura avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, akaba atakamba asaba ko uko kwemera icyaha kwashingirwaho igihano yahawe kikagabanywa mu buryo buhagije hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, agahanishwa byibuze igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) akazabona uko ajya kwita ku mwana arera, cyane cyane ko igihe amaze afunze yamaze kugororoka. [10] Me Munyansanga Gisèlle avuga ko Hakizimana alias Kabutura atakambira Urukiko arusaba guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano kuko kuva mu ibazwa rye atigeze agora ubutabera kugeza magingo aya. Avuga kandi ko Hakizimana yafashwe aribwo agitangira urumogi kandi ko yaguye mu cyaha kubera kubura amahitamo y’ubuzima bubi yari abayemo bwatewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19, ikindi kandi akaba ari umwana wavutse mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, akaba atarabashije kumenya ababyeyi be nk’uko bigaragazwa n’umwirondoro we ndetse n’abari bagerageje kumurera baza kumuta aba umwana wirera, ibyo byose bimukururira kwisanga mu buzima bubi bushobora kumukururira ibyaha bitandukanye, ko rero mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko rwasuzuma icyo gikomere cya Hakizimana alias Kabutura maze

1 Iteganya ko “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (…..) (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”.

## Page 4

rugashingira ku ngingo za 492, 593,na 644 z’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, n’Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, maze rugasuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, rukamugabanyiriza igihano ku buryo bushoboka ndetse rukanamusubikira kuko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ko igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Hakizimana alias Kabutura yahanishijwe kidashobora kugabanywa kuko aricyo gihano gito ntarenga giteganywa n’Itegeko. [12] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga kandi ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 3, agace ka (1) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 yahinduye ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi atandatu (6) yahanishijwe mbere, Urukiko rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5; isubikagihano risabwa na Hakizimana alias Kabutura, adakwiye kurihabwa kuko yakatiwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Hakizimana alias Kabutura yahanishijwe n’Urukiko rubanza ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza

2 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”.

3 Ivuga ko “Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo: 1º ushinjwa, mbere yo gukurikiranwa, yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi uwo yakoreye icyaha n’umuryango nyarwanda mu buryo budashidikanywa, akicuza kandi akishyura ibyo yangije nk’uko bari babimutegerejeho; 2º ushinjwa yishyikirije urwego rw’ubutabera rubifitiye ububasha, mbere y’uko akurikiranwa cyangwa se mu gihe hatangiye ibikorwa by’ikurikirana; 3º mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa; 4º icyaha cyakozwe nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje”.

4 Ivuga ko: “Isubikagihano ni icyemezo cy’urukiko gihagarika irangizarubanza ku gihano itegeko riteganyiriza igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5). Isubikagihano ritangwa hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha….”.

## Page 5

ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) cyakongera kugabanya kubera impamvu nyoroshyaha agaragaza ndetse kikanasubikwa. Ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano [14] Ingingo ya 11 igika cya gatatu, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [15] Urukiko rw’Ubujuririre mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 25 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi biteganywa kandi bigahanwa n’ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, badashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw)6. [16] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba Hakizimana alias Kabutura yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, ari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo cyo gufungwa burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw) kigabanywa, maze rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko N° 052/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [17] Hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko wibukijwe haruguru (mu gika cya 15 cy’uru rubanza), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Hakizimana alias Kabutura yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo

5 Ivuga ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (…), (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”.

6 Reba urubanza RPAA 00295/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Diane; urubanza RPAA 00347/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Muhirwa Elisé; urubanza RPAA 00333/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NGIRINSHUTI Emmanuel (igika cya 15), n’izindi nyinshi.

## Page 6

gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano [18] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko: “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri iyi ngingo, rurasanga isubikagihano Hakizimana alias Kabutura asaba adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ahanishijwe igihano cy’iremezo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. [20] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Hakizimana alias Kabutura nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Hakizimana alias Kabutura nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 01298/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 12/07/2024, rudahindutse; [23] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Hakizimana alias Kabutura yajuriye afunze akaba asonewe kuyatanga.