UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01373/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01373/2024/CA (Munyangeri, P.J.) 25 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano – Umuburanyi usaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano nyuma yuko ahamwe n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ntashobora kubyemererwa, kuko icyo gihano aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’ikibazo: Hakizimana yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Hakizimana ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha irimo no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Hakizimana atishimiye icyemezo cy’urukiko, yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Hakizimana yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha bukavuga ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, kuko icyo yahawe aricyo gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko, ko yagabanyirijwe bihagije. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuburanyi usaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano nyuma yuko ahamwe n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ntashobora kubyemererwa, kuko icyo gihano aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N˚ 068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 14, igika cya 3. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00424/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nteziryayo Emmanuel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/03/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Hakizimana Dominique kuba ku wa 05/05/2021, ari mu Mudugudu wa Ruhimbi, Akagari ka Gatare, Umurenge wa Ruhango, Akarere ka Rutsiro, Intara y’Iburengerazuba, yaragiye mu rugo rw’uwitwa Mujawayezu Placidie agasangayo umwana w’umukobwa witwa Horanimana Hélēne, akamujyana mu cyumba bararamo nyina agasanga arimo kumusambanya. Bwasabye ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [2] Hakizimana Dominique yaburanye yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano byanaba ngombwa kigasubikwa. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00200/2021/TGI/KNG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ku wa 28/02/2024, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 n’iya 4 z’itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ku ngingo ya 14 y’itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ku ngingo ya 48 y’itegeko N˚ 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, no ku ngingo ya 65 y’itegeko N˚ 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, rwemeje ko Hakizimana Dominique ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [4] Hakizimana Dominique yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko agahanishwa igihano kiremereye, asaba Urukiko gukoresha ubushishozi bwarwo rukamugabanyiriza igihano, byanaba ngombwa akagisubikirwa ngo kuko yamaze kugororoka. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Dominique budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kubera ko yagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, akaba nta nenge agaragaza yaba iri mu rubanza yajuririye. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00058/2024/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 28/11/2024, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2, iya 3 n’iya 14 z’itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza N˚ RPAA 00144/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/05/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sibobugingo Emmanuel, no mu rubanza RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/10/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Dominique nta shingiro bufite, hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [7] Ku wa 09/12/2024, Hakizimana Dominique yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RPAA 01373/2024/CA, maze nyuma y’imihango ntegurarubanza yose, hemezwa ko ruzaburanishwa ku wa 09/07/2025. [8] Uwo munsi ababuranyi bitabye Urukiko, Hakizimana Dominique yunganiwe na Me Shema Gerald, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Hakizimana Dominique n’umwunganira bavuga ko impamvu nyamukuru yatumye ajurira ari ugusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo

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ya 2 y’itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Dominique nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije. [11] Nyuma y’izo mpaka, harasuzumwa ikibazo gikurikira: -Kumenya niba igihano Hakizimana Dominique yahanishijwe gishobora kongera kugabanywa II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Hakizimana Dominique yahanishijwe gishobora kongera kugabanywa [12] Hakizimana Dominique n’umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko guca inkoni izamba rugaha agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha maze akagabanyirizwa igihano nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49, iya 59 n’iya 60 z’itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ndetse n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Basobanura ko kuba Hakizimana Dominique yarakoze icyaha afite imyaka makumyabiri (20) y’amavuko, guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) nta cyo byamumarira kuko n’ubundi igihe amaze afunzwe yamaze gusobanukirwa ububi bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, ku buryo yamaze kwicuza, gusaba imbabazi no kugororoka, kandi ko basanga itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N˚ 068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryarasubijwe inyuma (rétroactivité) bitari ngombwa kuko ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta Hakizimana Dominique yaramaze gutangira inzira yo kwemera icyaha ategereje inyungu zateganywaga n’itegeko rya mbere, bityo ko itegeko rishyashya rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryagombaga kuba rireba abakoze ibyaha ryarasohotse. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Hakizimana Dominique yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku ikubitiro kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, akaba yaragabanyirijwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N˚ 068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kandi ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko iyo umuntu uhamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu hakaboneka impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano gito gishoboka ari igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ndetse ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwatanze umurongo kuri icyo kibazo mu manza zitandukanye harimo RPAA 00281/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kalisa Claude, RPAA 00466/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shumbusho Erase na RPAA 00076/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Burindwi Jean Bosco. [14] Akomeza asobanura ko impamvu Hakizimana Dominique yahanwe hifashishijwe itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N˚ 068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ari uko iryo tegeko rishya ari ryo riteganya igihano gito ugereranyije n’irya mbere kuko ryo ryateganyaga ko mu gihe umuntu ahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa

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igifungo cya burundu hakaba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano gito gishoboka ari igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [15] Ashingiye ku kuba Hakizimana Dominique yaragabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije kandi icyo yahanishijwe kikaba gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, kuba atagaragaza niba Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko nabi, asoza asaba ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Dominique butahabwa ishingiro, maze hakagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Uko Urukiko rubibona [16] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Hakizimana Dominique yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo yahanishwa ikiri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [17] Ingingo ya 14, igika cya 3 y’itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N˚ 068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: ″Iyo gusambanya umwana byakorewe ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu. ″ Naho ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) y’itegeko rimaze kuvugwa rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko N˚ 068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko ″iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15.” [18] Izi ngingo zifatiwe hamwe zumvikanisha ko icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko haba habonetse impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, igihano kikaba cyagabanywa ku buryo kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [19] Impaka nk’izi kandi zafashweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00424/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo Emmanuel. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwari rwahanishije Nteziryayo Emmanuel igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ajurira asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwanzura ko rudashobora kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko Urukiko rubanza rwamugabanyirije igihano mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko mpanabyaha rikurikizwa ubu, ko rero urubanza rwajuririwe rugumana agaciro karwo1. [20] No muri uru rubanza, Hakizimana Dominique yari yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasobanuye ko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije kuko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko kuko inyandiko y’amavuko igaragaza ko uwo mwana yavutse ku wa 15/04/2013, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [21] Mu gika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwanzuye ko kuba Hakizimana Dominique yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kandi ari cyo gito gishoboka ku muntu uhamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi

1 Reba urubanza N˚ RPAA 00424/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 14/03/2025, igika cya 23.

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n’ine (14) y’amavuko, rusanga yaragabanyirijwe mu buryo buhagije, akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [22] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Dominique bugamije kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) nta shingiro bufite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamugabanyirije igihano mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko rikurikizwa ubu, bityo, urubanza rujuririrwa rukaba rugumanye agaciro karwo. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Dominique, nta shingiro bufite. [24] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00058/2024/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 28/11/2024, rudahindutse. [25] Rwemeje ko Hakizimana Dominique agumishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kubera guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. [26] Ruvuze ko Hakizimana Dominique asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko aburana afunzwe.