UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA00867/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00867/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 15 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge – Ufatanwa, uhinga, ubika, n’utunda akwiye kumvikana mu buryo butandukanye hashingiwe ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe n’icyari kigiye gukoreshwa ibyo biyobyabwenge. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge – Ubushinjacyaha nibwo bufite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko ibiyobyabwenge umuntu afatanywe yari agamije kubicuruza cyangwa yabicuruje (drugs trafficking) aho kuba ibyo kwikoreshereza (usage personnel ou consommantion personnelle). Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Hakizimana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, kuko yafatanywe udupfunyika makumyabiri na tubiri tw’urumogi, aruvanye aruvanye mu Karere ka Ngoma arujyanye iwe mu Karere ka Rwamagana. Bwamusabiye ko ahamwa n’icyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya ya 20.000.000Frw. Hakizimana yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwe rwo kunywa ku bw’indwara y’igifu afite, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe. Iki cyemezo yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe ku cyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, harimo no gukurirwaho ihazabu kuko ari umukene akaba ari ntaho yayivana. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubujurire bw’Uregwa buvuga ko kuba yaraburanye kuva ku rwego rwa mbere kugeze no ku rwego rw’ubujurire, yemera icyaha, yagabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye iyo ngingo yo kugabanyiriza ibihano Uregwa, rusanga yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranwe n’inzego z’ubutabera ku buryo buzwi, maze rubishingiraho rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n‘itanu (15ans) n’ ihazabu y’ amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Uregwa yongeye kujurira muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha kugira ngo ahanirwe icyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri ubu bujurire buvuga ko, ku rwego rwa mbere Uregwa yahamijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru yemera icyaha kandi asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, arabihabwa. Buvuga kandi ko Uregwa yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge abivana muri Rwamagana ajya mu Karere ka Ngoma, ko ibi bigize icyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, aho guhanirwa icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge nk’uko abyifuza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ufatanwa, uhinga, ubika, n’utunda akwiye kumvikana mu buryo butandukanye hashingiwe ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe n’icyari kigiye gukoreshwa ibyo biyobyabwenge. 2. Ubushinjacyaha nibwo bufite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko ibiyobyabwenge umuntu afatanywe yari agamije kubicuruza cyangwa yabicuruje (drugs trafficking) aho kuba ibyo kwikoreshereza (usage personnel ou consommantion personnelle). Bityo, Hakizimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, kuko Ubushinjacyaha butababashije kugaragaza bimenyetso ko yari agamije kubikwirakwiza, dore ko yafatanywe ingano ntoya y’urumogi avuga ko ari urwo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye.

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Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yifashishijwe: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00408/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin alias Niyirema, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 14/01/2021 Hakizimana Jean Claude yafatanywe udupfunyika makumyabiri na tubiri (22) tw’urumogi aruvanye mu Karere ka Ngoma arujyanye iwe mu Karere ka Rwamagana. Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumusabira guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Hakizimana yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwe rwo kunywa ku bw’indwara y’igifu afite, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [2] Mu rubanza RP00128/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rushingiye ku kuba Hakizimana yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi, ko yaruguze i Rwamagana kwa Fidèle agafatwa arujyanye i Ngoma, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, kuri raporo yo mu nzego z’ibanze igaragaza ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi rufatiriwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000). [3] Hakizimana Jean Claude yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano ku cyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, ko yabiguze agambiriye kubikoresha nk’umuti w’igifu, asaba no kuvanirwaho ihazabu kuko ari umukene akaba ari ntaho yayivana. [4] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko kuba ku rwego rwa mbere Hakizimana Jean Claude yaraburanye yemera icyaha n’ubu akaba acyemera, yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [5] Mu rubanza RPA00363/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe kuwa 26/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasuzumye ingingo yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano, rusanga mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha no kuba Hakizimana Jean Claude yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inzego z’ubutabera ku buryo buzwi, ari impamvu ituma igihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rubanza cyagabanywa, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n‘itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu y’ amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw).

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[6] Hakizimana Jean Claude yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA00867/2024/CA ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 8/5/2025 yunganiwe na Me Mafurebo naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Hakizimana Jean Claude yajuririye agamije guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha kugira ngo ahanirwe icyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, asaba no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [8] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Hakizimana yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge abivana muri Rwamagana ajya mu Karere ka Ngoma, ko ibi bigize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kandi ko yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije. [9] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhanira Hakizimana Jean Claude icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya w’icyaha cyo kubifatanwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhanira Hakizimana Jean Claude icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya w’icyaha cyo kubifatanwa [10] Hakizimana Jean Claude asobanura ubujurire bwe, avuga ko yafatanywe udupfunyika 22 tw’urumogi yari avanye k’uwitwa Fidèle utuye i Rwamagana akaba yari atujyanye iwe kudukoresha nk’umuti w’igifu, ko yemera iki cyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge ariko akaba atemera icyo kubigurisha kuko atari wo mugambi yari afite. [11] Me Mafurebo umwunganira avuga ko kuva Hakizimana yafatwa yasobanuye ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwo kwivuza igifu, ko nta gikorwa Ubushinjacyaha bwagaragaje cy’uko uyu yari agambiriye kugurisha ibiyobyabwnege yafatanwe. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere Hakizimana yahamijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge akajuririra Urukiko Rukuru yemera icyaha kandi asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano ari nabyo yakorewe, ko icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge yagihamijwe hashingiwe ku kuba yarafashwe avuye kubigura mu Karere ka Rwamagana abijyanye mu Karere ka Ngoma, ushinjwa akaba aterekana icyo yarenganyijweho. Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko Hakizimana yahanishijwe ibihano bito bishoboka byagenewe icyaha yahamijwe ariyo mpamvu bigomba kuguma uko byatanzwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Urukiko rurasanga mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 14/01/2021 imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, Hakizimana yaremeye icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi no kurunywa kubw’indwara y’igifu, ahakana ko atarucuruza. Iyi mvugo niyo yakomeje imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha ndetse no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, rushingiye ku kuba Hakizimana yaremeye ko afatanwe urumogi kandi akaba yari aruvanye mu Karere ka Rwamagana arujyanye mu Karere ka Ngoma, rwasanze ibikorwa yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya w’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. [14] Mu bujurire imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Hakizimana yavuze ko asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano ku cyaha yemera cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kandi ko yari agambiriye kubikoresha yivura igifu. Urukiko rwasanze uyu akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho n’inkiko, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw.

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[15] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ushinjwa yemera icyaha nyamara ntabwo rwasesenguye ngo rubone ko icyaha yemeye kuva agifatwa ari icyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, iki kikaba gitandukanye n’icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, bityo ikimenyetso cyo kwemera icyaha rwashingiyeho kikaba nta shingiro gifite. [16] Urukiko rurasanga, mu guhamya Hakizimana Jean Claude icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, Urukiko rwarabishingiye ku kuba yarafashwe abivanye mu Karere ka Rwamagana abijyanye mu Karere Ngoma, nyamara iyi ngingo ikaba itihagije mu gihe ushinjwa yafatanwe ingano ntoya y’ibiyobyabwenge. [17] Nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA00408/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin, aho rwasanze ijambo ufatanwa, uhinga, ubika, n’utunda akwiye kumvikana mu buryo butandukanye hashingiwe ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo ndetse n’icyari kigiye gukoreshwa ibyo biyobyabwenge1. Naho mu gika cya 18 cy’urubanza ruvuzwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko, nubwo bigoye kubona ibimenyetso bigaragaza icyo uwafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge yari agamije kubikoresha, Ubushinjacyaha nibwo bufite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko ibiyobyabwenge umuntu afatanywe yari agamije kubicuruza cyangwa yabicuruje (drugs trafficking) aho kuba ibyo kwikoreshereza (usage personnel ou consommantion personnelle). Bimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragaza ko ushinjwa wafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge yari agamije kubikwirakwiza harimo: iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga bafatiye aho hantu, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge basanze aho hantu, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu hafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge, abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu asanzwe acuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha budashoboye kwerekana ko uregwa atarafite gusa ibiyobyabwenge (simple drugs possession) ahubwo yabigurishije cyangwa yateganyaga kubigurisha ahanishwa igihano gito cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge. [18] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo urumogi rutagize umuti w’igifu nk’uko ushinjwa ashaka kubyumvikanisha, nyamara kandi, kuba Hakizimana Jean Claude yarafatanwe ingano ntoya (udupfunyika 22) y’urumogi akavuga ko ari urwo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye (à usage personnelle) Ubushinjacyaha ntibubone ibindi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko yari agamije kubikwirakwiza, Urukiko ntirwagombaga kumuhamya icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge rushingiye gusa ku kuba yari abivanye mu Karere kamwe abijyanye mu kandi, ahubwo rukaba rwaragombaga kumuhanira icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo cyaha gifitiwe ibimenyetso bidashidikanywa. [19] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rurasanga Hakizimana Jean Claude agomba guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mu mwanya w’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge yahamijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [20] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko biteganywa mu gika cya 1 n’icya 2 by’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye gihanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’umwaka 1 ariko kitarengeje imyaka 2; Hakizimana Jean Claude uhamwa n’iki cyaha akaba agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2ans). [21] Urukiko rurasanga dosiye igaragaza ko Hakizimana Jean Claude yafunzwe ku wa 14/01/2021 bityo igihe amaze afunzwe kikaba kiruta imyaka ibiri y’igifungo ahanishijwe, ariyo mpamvu agomba guhita afungurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa.

1Reba igika cya 17 cy’urubanza RPAA00408/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin alias Niyirema.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Jean Claude bufite ishingiro. [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA00363/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 26/07/2024, ihindutse ku birebana n’inyito y’icyaha ndetse n’igihano. [24] Rwemeje ko Hakizimana Jean Claude ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [25] Rwemeje ko Hakizimana Jean Claude ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2ans). [26] Rutegetse ko Hakizimana Jean Claude ahita afungurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa kuko igihe amaze afunzwe kiruta igihe cy’imyaka ibiri (2) y’igifungo ahanishijwe kuri uru rwego. [27] Rutegetse ko Hakizimana Jean Claude asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.