UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKIZIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKIZIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00940/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKIZIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00940/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 29 Nzeri 2025]

Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya 5.000.000 Frw. Incamake y’ikibazo: Hakizimana yafatanwe iwe mu rugo udupfunyika 69 tw’urumogi, Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza urumogi, aburana yemera gusa icyaha cyo kubika urumogi ariko akavuga ko atarucuruzaga. Urukiko rwasanze uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu na Frw 20.000.000. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha. Urukiko rwasanze akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya Frw 10.000.000. uregwa na none ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano Hakizimana Jean Paul yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. Uyu avuga ko yajuriye agamije gusaba ko igihano yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa agahabwa ikiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba yaraguye mu cyaha akiri muto kuko yafashwe afite imyaka 22 gusa no kuba ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo uregwa asaba bidashoboka kuko igihano yahanishijwe aricyo gito gishoboka gitegwanywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya 5.000.000 Frw. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2; Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 183; Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 64

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 01365/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na NYANDWI Jean de Dieu. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/07/2025; RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Ku wa 23/03/2021, Hakizimana Jean Paul, ari mu Mudugudu w’Akarusizi, Akagali ka Gakenke, Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi, Akarere ka Gatsibo, Intara y'Iburasirazuba, yafatanywe udupfunyika 69 tw’urumogi atubitse iwe mu rugo. Amaze gufatwa yashyikirijwe Ubugenzacyaha, atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Hakizimana Jean Paul mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aburana yemera icyaha ashinjwa avuga ko urumogi yaruhawe na Darius ngo ariko atarumuhaye ari urwo gucuruza ngo ahubwo yagirango arumubikire. [3] Mu rubanza N° RP00435/2021/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2021, Urukiko rwemeje ko Hakizimana Jean Paul ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa, rushingiye ku mvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya NDABAVUNYI Jean Luc, Komanda CIP MUSONERA Eugene wa Polisi ya Kiramuruzi no kuba yarashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ko afatanywe udupfunyika 69 tw’ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw, ndetse rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. [4] Hakizimana Jean Paul yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi ndetse ko icyatumye akora icyaha ari ubukene bwari bubasumbirije kubera ko se yari yarabataye, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no gusubikirwa. [5] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Hakizimana yemeye icyaha ndetse agisabira imbabazi, ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yagabanyirizwa ibihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw. [6] Mu rubanza No RPA 00972/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 20/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Jean Paul bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi; rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000Frw. Hakizimana Jean

Paul yagabanyirijwe igihano kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ndetse akagisabira imbabazi.

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[7] Hakizimana Jean Paul yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 00940/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 12/09/2025, Hakizimana Jean Paul yitabye Urukiko yunganirwa na Me Catherine A. SEBAZUNGU naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na BUNYOYE Grace, umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Hakizimana Jean Paul avuga ko yajuriye agamije gusaba ko igihano yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa agahabwa ikiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba yaraguye mu cyaha akiri muto kuko yafashwe afite imyaka 22 gusa no kuba ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha, ko n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano, ariko rwazitiwe n’itegeko nyamara hari izindi manza zagabanyije igihano kugera munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko. Anasaba ko yasubikirwa igihano. Umwunganira asaba ko hahinduka igihano cy’ihazabu ikaba 5.000.000 Frw. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Jean Paul bufite ishingiro ku birebana n’igihano cy’ihazabu gusa, ko nta cyabuza ko igabanywa ikagezwa kuri 5.000.000 Frw nk’uko biteganya mu ngingo ya 2 (d) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko igihano cy’igifungo cyo kidashobora kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije. [10] Mu rubanza, harasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira:

a) kumenya niba Hakizimana Jean Paul yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe. b) Kumenya niba yasubikirwa igihano

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

1) Kumenya niba igihano Hakizimana Jean Paul yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa

[11] Hakizimana Jean Paul avuga ko yajuriye agamije gusaba ko igihano yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa agahabwa ikiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba yaraguye mu cyaha akiri muto kuko yafashwe afite imyaka 22 gusa no kuba ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha. Asaba kandi ko Urukiko rwashingira ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza No RPAA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 rwa NSABIMANA Callixte na bagenzi be, uvuga ko buri mucamanza yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange; [12] Anavuga ko n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano, ariko rwazitiwe n’itegeko nyamara hari izindi manza zagabanyije igihano kugera munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko

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nk’urubanza RPAA 0032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NZAFASHWANIMANA Jean de Dieu, rushingiye ku byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwasobanuye ibishingirwaho mu gutanga ibihano, bityo nawe akomeje gusaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yamaze kwicuza no guhinduka. [13] Umwunganizi we avuga ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe gikurikije amategeko, ko icy’ihazabu ari icyo cyagabanywa kikaba 5.000.000 Frw. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Jean Paul bufite ishingiro gusa ku birebana n’igihano cy’ihazabu, ko nta cyabuza ko igabanywa ikagezwa kuri 5.000.000 Frw nk’uko biteganya mu ngingo ya 2 (d) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange aho biteganyijwe ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu nto iteganyijwe kuri icyo cyaha, ariko ko igihano cy’igifungo cyo kidashobora kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije. [15] Akomeza avuga ko adashobora guhabwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko nk’uko byakozwe mu rubanza No RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwo kuwa 28/2/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu; kuko umurongo wafashwe muri urwo rubanza wari ushingiye ku ingingo y’itegeko yahinduwe, ukaba rero udashobora gushingirwaho nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza No RPAA 00072/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Emmanuel (igika cya 25).

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBINA

[16] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano Hakizimana Jean Paul yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa agahanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw. [17] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo

1 Iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye uregwa agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’.

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gihano2. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka harimo nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00185/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 25/04/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana UWIZEYIMANA Emmanuel. [18] Ibyerekeye igihano kitagibwa munsi gishobora guhabwa umuntu wahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi cyatanzweho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya Ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko n°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Izo manza zemeje ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya 5.000.000 Frw. Imanza ziheruka gushingira kuri uwo murongo zirimo nk’urubanza nº RPAA 01365/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/07/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NYANDWI Jean de Dieu. [19] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 8 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, nyuma yo gusanga Hakizimana Jean Paul ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ndetse akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi; rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 agace ka a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw, gisimbura igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rubanza. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, igihano Hakizimana Jean Paul yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw), aricyo gito yashoboraga guhabwa ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge harebwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurebye ibyasobanuwe mu gika cya 19 cy’uru rubanza, rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije Hakizimana Jean Paul igihano cy’igifungo ku buryo buhagije, rumuhanisha igihano gito cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 giteganyirizwa uwahamwe n’icyaha cyo cyo gucuruza urumogi iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Ariko harebwe ibiteganywa n’agace ka (d) k’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, ihazabu yategetswe gutanga yo itaragabanyijwe mu buryo bukwiye harebwe ko yafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 69 yacuruzaga, ikaba igomba kongera kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu nto yateganyijwe ku cyaha kimuhama. Bityo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahawe kikaba kidahindutse ariko ihazabu yategetswe gutanga yo ikaba igabanyijwe kugeza kuri 5.000.0000 Frw kubera impamvu zavuzwe. [22] Ku bisabwa na Hakizimana Jean Paul ko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko nk’uko byakozwe mu rubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC

2 Urubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254.

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00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku byerekeye ibishingirwaho mu gutanga ibihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko umurongo wari muri urwo rubanza wari ushingiye ku itegeko ryahinduwe, ukaba rero udashobora gushingirwaho nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza No RPAA 00048/2020/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na BIMENYIMANA Jean Paul. Uyu murongo ukaba ari nawo washingiweho mu rubanza No RPAA 00072/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Emmanuel, rwibukijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, aho uru Rukiko rwemeje ko uyu adashobara kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko.

2) Kumenya niba Hakizimana Jean Paul yasubikirwa igihano

[23] Hakizimana Jean Paul asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano, kikanasubikwa. [24] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko hakurikijwe uko amategeko abiteganya igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kitasubikwa kuko kirenze imyaka 5.

Uko urukiko rubibona

[25] Ingingo ya 183, igika cya gatanu (5) n’icya gatandatu (6), y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko ‘‘Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa n’ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko’’. [26] Nk’uko urubanza rujuririrwa rubigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze igihano Hakizimana Jean Paul yahawe cy’imyaka 15 kitasubikwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, impamvu y’ubujurire ijyanye no gusaba gusubikirwa igihano nta shingiro ifite, kuko mu rubanza rujuririrwa iki kibazo cyo gusubikirwa igihano cyasuzumwe, urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku biteganywa n’itegeko3 rugaragaza ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kidashobora gusubikwa; kuri uru rwego rero Hakizimana Jean Paul akaba atagaragaza icyo anenga icyo cyemezo.

3 Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange n’uko ryahinduwe iteganya ibikurikira : (1) “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Jean Paul bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe;

[29] Rwemeje ko urubanza no RPA 00972/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuwa 20/05/2024 ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeye ihazabu;

[30] Ruhanishije Hakizimana Jean Paul igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw.