UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKORIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKORIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2026-01-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00748/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKORIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00748/2025/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 15 Mutarama 2026] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igihano – Urukiko ntirutegetswe gutanga igihano Ubushinjacyaha busabye kabone n’iyo bwaba bubihurizaho n’ushinjwa, ahubwo Urukiko rugena ibihano rubona ko bihuje n’imikorere n’uburemere bw’icyaha – Urukiko rutegetswe gukurikiza icyifuzo cy’ababuranyi gusa, iyo banyuze mu nzira y’ubwumvikane bushingiye ku kwemera icyaha (plea bargaini procedure). Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Iigihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Umucamanza ntategetswe guhanisha igihano gito ntarengwa mu gihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo mu bushishozi bwe, arebye uburemere bw’icyaha, imikorere yacyo, ingaruka zacyo, imibereho n’imyitwarire y’ushinjwa, agabanya igihano ariko akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Muri uru rubanza uregwa yakurikiranywe n’Ubushinjacyaha ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa UV w’imyaka 14 warerewe mu rugo rwe kuko ari uw’umugore we, uregwa nawe yaburanye yemera ko yasambanyije uwo mwana mu gihe cy’iminota itatu (3) gusa kandi akanemera ko ari we wamuteye inda, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20ans). Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko agamije gutakambira urukiko kugirango rumugabanyirize ibihano, avuga ko yasambanyije UV atazi ko akiri umwana. Kuri uru rwego, Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanye bwemeza ko nta cyabuza ko agabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 10, hakurikijwe Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Urwo rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari impamvu zikwiye gushingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano ariko rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Nanone, uregwa yajuriye noneho mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire anenga imikirize y’urubanza rw’Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye rwirengagije ko icyo yasabiwe n’Ubushinjacyaha ari igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 10, asaba ko aricyo akwiye guhanishwa. Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwaburanye bushyigikira ubusabe bw’uwajuriye buvuga ko igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; ko icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uregwa yakoze giteganyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 20 na 25, bityo ko yahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi(10ans). Iyo miburanire yatumye Urukiko rusuzuma ibyerekeye no kuba Urukiko rwaba rwakoze ikosa ryo kugena igihano kiruta icyo Ubushinjacyaha bwasabiye uregwa ndetse runasuzuma ibirebana n’igabanyagihano asaba. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Urukiko ntirutegetswe gutanga igihano Ubushinjacyaha busabye kabone n’iyo bwaba bubihurizaho n’ushinjwa, ahubwo Urukiko rugena ibihano rubona ko bihuje n’imikorere n’uburemere bw’icyaha. Urukiko rutegetswe gukurikiza icyifuzo cy’ababuranyi gusa,

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iyo banyuze mu nzira y’ubwumvikane bushingiye ku kwemera icyaha (plea bargaining procedure). Bityo nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu kuba rutaragennye igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 10 nk’uko byasabwe n’ushinjwa bigashyigikirwa n’Ubushinjacyaha. 2. Umucamanza ntategetswe guhanisha igihano gito ntarengwa mu gihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo mu bushishozi bwe, arebye uburemere bw’icyaha, imikorere yacyo, ingaruka zacyo, imibereho n’imyitwarire y’ushinjwa, agabanya igihano ariko akaba atemere kujya munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Ingingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N°068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 26 n’iya 27. Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Mpitabakana, RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR). Ubushinjacyaha vs Nizeyimana, RPAA 00321/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/04/2025. Ubushinjacyaha vs Ndayambaje, RPAA 00752/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana alias Sankara, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa 9/2021, bivugwa ko Hakorimana Jean yasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 14 umugore we yatahanye mu rugo rwe, umwana wahawe izina rya UV kubw’umutekano we, igikorwa cyo kumusambanya kikaba cyaravuyemo no kumutera inda. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Hakorimana Jean mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye bumushinja icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bumusabira guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Hakorimana Jean yaburanye yemera ko yasambanyije uwo mwana mu gihe

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cy’iminota itatu (3) gusa kandi akanemera ko ari we wamuteye inda, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [3] Mu rubanza N° RP 00621/2022/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 8/8/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Hakorimana Jean no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya aribo Mukandahigwa Jeanne na Mukeshimana Bosco bahamya ibyo bumvanye Hakorimana Jean na UV wasambanyijwe, rushingiye kandi ku cyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko UV yavutse ku wa 05/05/2007, rwemeje ko Hakorimana Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20ans). [4] Hakorimana Jean yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko agamije gutakambira urukiko kugirango rumugabanyirize ibihano, avuga ko yasambanyije UV atazi ko akiri umwana. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko, kuba Hakorimana yemera icyaha nta cyabuza ko agabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 10, hakurikijwe Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [6] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00543/2022/HC/NYZ rwaciwe kuwa 30/06/2025, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze mu guhana Hakorimana rugomba gushingira ku rubanza Nº RPAA 00020/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2024 n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntwariyishema Elie wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 16 agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kubera ko yemeye icyaha kandi bikaba bwari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, maze mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, rwemeza ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 aricyo gihano gikwiye Hakorimana Jean w’imyaka 36 wemeye icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 15 kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha ku buryo buzwi. [7] Hakorimana Jean yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa n° RPAA 00748/2025/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame kuwa 7/1/2026, Hakorimana Jean yunganiwe na Me Munini Patrick naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Hakorimana Jean yunganiwe na Me Munini Patrick yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire anenga Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye rwirengagije icyo yasabiwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10ans) yasabiwe n’ubushinjacyaha hashingiwe ko yemeye icyaha kandi ari n’ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwashyigikiye ubusabe bwa Hakorimana buvuga ko buhuje n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 02 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange bityo ko yagabanyirizwa ibihanno kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 10. [10] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakkoze ikosa ryo kutagabanyiriza Hakorimana Jean igihano kugeza ku cyari cyasabwe n’Ubushinjacyaha.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarakoze ikosa ryo kutagabanyiriza Hakorimana Jean igihano no gusuzuma ubusabe bwe bwo guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10. [11] Hakorimana Jean yunganiwe na Me Munini Patrick yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire anenga Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 rwirengagije ko Ubushinjacyaha bwamusabiye igifungo cy’imyaka 10, asaba ko aya makosa yakosorwa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10 ans) kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi bikaba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, ndetse uretse iki cyaha cyamugwiririye akaba asanzwe yitwara neza. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubusabe bwa Hakorimana bufite ishingiro kandi bwubahirije ibiteganywa mu gace ka (b) k’ingingo ya 02 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo kuwa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko: …(b)igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; ko icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 15 HAKORIMANA Jean yakoze giteganyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 20 na 25, bityo ko yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi(10ans) ariyo ingana na ½ cy’imyaka 20 ivugwa muri iyi ngingo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA A. Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarakoze ikosa ryo kugena igihano kinyuranye n’icyo Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye [13] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze amakosa yo guhanisha Hakorimana Jean igihano kiruta icyo yasabiwe n’Ubushinjacyaha no kumenya ishingiro ry’ubusabe bwe bwo guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10. [14] Mu nyandiko itanga ikirego, Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye Urukiko guhamya Hakorimana Jean icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana no kumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20; nyuma yo gusuzuma ibimenyetso n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ndetse n’izongera ububi bw’icyaha, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 ari nacyo gihano gito giteganyirizwa icyaha Hakorimana yahamijwe nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 133 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [15] Hakorimana Jea yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru asaba ko rwasuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha maze rukamugabanyiriza ibihano, Ubushinjacyaha busubiza buvuga ko nta cyabuza ko agabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 10 kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha. [16] Urukiko Rukuru rwemeye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Hakorimana yaburanishije ariko rushyira mu gaciro ikigero cy’imyaka y’umwana wasambanyijwe, isano iri hagati ya Hakorimana n’uwo yasambanyije, rugereranya uru rubanza n’izindi zifitanye isano, maze rushingiye ku ngingo

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ya 49 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ruramugabanyiriza kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15. [17] Urukiko mu guca urubanza nshinjabyaha, iyo rumaze guhamya ushinjwa ushinjwa, rufite inshingano yo kugena ibihano rushingiye ku buremere bw’icyaha, imikorere yacyo, imyitwarire y’uwakoze icyaha n’izindi mpamvu zigenwa mu ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru.1 [18] Urukiko rurasanga nta ngingo n’imwe y’Itegeko itegeka Urukiko gutanga igihano Ubushinjacyaha busabye kabone n’iyo bwaba bubihurizaho n’ushinjwa, ahubwo Urukiko rugena ibihano rubona ko bihuje n’imikorere n’uburemere bw’icyaha. Urukiko rutegetswe gukurikiza icyifuzo cy’ababuranyi gusa, iyo banyuze mu nzira y’ubwumvikane bushingiye ku kwemera icyaha (plea bargaini procedure) nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 26 n’iya 27 z’Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [19] Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu kuba rutaragennye igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka nk’uko byasabwe n’ushinjwa bigashyigikirwa n’Ubushinjacyaha kuko rwasobanuye impamvu z’igihano rwatanze kandi aricyo rutegetswe gusa. B. Ku birebana n’igabanyagihano risabwa na Hakorimana [20] Ikibazo cy’uregwa wajuririye agamije kugabanyirizwa igihano, cyatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasobanuye ko iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. [21] Dosiye igaragaza ko Hakorimana Jean yaburanye yemera ko yasambanyije UV w’imyaka 14 ndetse akamutera inda kandi ko uyu mwana yarerewe mu rugo rwe kuko ari umwana w’umugore we (wa Hakorimana) yatahanye mu rugo rwe, ku rwego rwa mbere akaba yaraburanye avuga ko yamusambanyije atazi ko akiri umwana naho kuri uru rwego akavuga ko yabitewe n’ubusinzi. [22] Urukiko rurasanga mu kugabanyiriza Hakorimana Jean kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka15, Urukiko Rukuru rwarabishingiye ku mpamvu ku kuba ushinjwa yaraburanye yemera icyaha kandi ari n’ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi, rushingira kandi no ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko n°068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018

1 Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.

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riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu bushishozi bwarwo rusanga akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Hakorimana Jean n’umwunganira batagaragaza ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano haba harabayeho gukoresha nabi itegeko. Ingingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho, iteganya ko, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cy’igifungo kimara igihe kizwi, gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi ya ½ cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; kuri Hakorimana wemera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 14, igihano gito ntarengwa kikaba ari igifungo cy’imyaka 10 kuko iki cyaha gihanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 20 n’imyaka 25. [24] Urukiko rurasanga, ibivuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, bidasobanura ko umucamanza ategetswe guhanisha igihano gito ntarengwa mu gihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo ko mu bushishozi bwe, arebye uburemere bw’icyaha, imikorere yacyo, ingaruka zacyo, imibereho n’imyitwarire y’ushinjwa, agabanya igihano ariko akaba atemere kujya munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru. Ibi ninako byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00752/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayambaje Eugène, aho rwemeje ko biri mu bubasha bw’umucamanza mu kugena igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha. [25] Urukiko rurasanga, nta mpamvu yatuma Urukiko rugabanyiriza ibihano Hakorimana kugeza gihano gito ntarengwa giteganywa n’itegeko kuko, uretse no kuba gusambanya umwana ubwabyo ari icyaha kiremereye kandi gikojeje isoni, ububi bw’icyaha yakoze buremerezwa no kuba yarasambanyije umwana muto (14ans) yari ashinzwe kurera nk’umugabo wa nyina w’umwana, hejuru y’ibi, icyaha yakoze kikaba cyaragize ingaruka ku mwana wasambanyijwe kuko byamuviriyemo gutwita akiri muto bigatuma agira inshingano zo kuba umubyeyi imburagihe kandi nawe yari agikeneye kurerwa no kwitabwaho. [26] Urukiko rurasanga, ku cyaha nk’iki, mu rubanza No RPAA 00321/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/04/2025, Nizeyimana Selemani wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 15 wabyawe n’umugore we (wa Nizeyimana), yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imya 22, bityo kuba Hakorimana yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 ku cyaha gihuje kamere n’ikivuzwe muri iki gika, bivuze ko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije, akaba adashobora kubona irindi gabanyagihano nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, aho rwasanze uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe2. [27] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Hakorimana Jean yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe.

2 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR)

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hakorimana Jean nta shingiro bufite; [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza N° RPA 00543/2022/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 30/06/2025, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose; [30] Rutegetse ko Hakorimana Jean agumishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) kubw’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kimuhama.