UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKORIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKORIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01224/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKORIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01224/2024/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.)29 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano - Uwagabanyirijwe igihano kugera ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ntashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Gusuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha - Mu gihe igihano cy’igifungo uregwa yahawe, aricyo gito itegeko riteganya, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza zifite ishingiro kuko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo aba yarahawe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Hakorimana yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 70 yacuruzaga mu rugo iwe. Abajijwe, yemeye ko acuruza urumogi agamije gushaka imibereho, Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyibyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumusabira igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000 Frw. Urukiko rwasanze uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa, rumukatira igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Hakorimana yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyrizwa igihano, urwo rukiko rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n‘ihazabu y’amafaranga miriyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo, atanga ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kureba niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa. Uyu asobanura ko asaba imbabazi ku cyaha yakoze yemeye kuva agifatwa bityo agasaba ko yagabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku zindi manza zo hambere aho abakoze icyaha nk’icye bagiye baganyirizwa kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itatu. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko uregwa adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe kuko ari cyo gito giteganywa n’amategeko. Inshamake y’icyemezo: 1. Uwagabanyirijwe igihano kugera ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ntashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa. 2. Mu gihe igihano cy’igifungo uregwa yahawe, aricyo gito itegeko riteganya, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza zifite ishingiro kuko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo aba yarahawe. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2 Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022; RPAA 00643/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ayinkamiye Kellen rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/5/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 14/01/2022, Hakorimana Pacifique yafatanwe udupfunyika mirongo (boules) 70 tw’urumogi yari abitse mu inzu munsi y’umusego w’uburiri bwe. Ubugenzacyaha bwakoze dosiye ya Hakorimana Pacifique buyishyikiriza Ubushinjacyaha, nabwo bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw‘urumogi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw. [2] Hakorimana Pacifique yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko yacuruje urumogi kubera gushaka amaramuko, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano bikanasubikwa. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza No RP 000079/2022/TGI/NYGE ku wa 21/03/2022, rushingiye ku kuba Hakorimana Pacifique yaremeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi no ku buhamya bwa Ndikumana Alphonse na Akingeneye Clémentine mu Bugenzacyaha, rwemeje ko Hakorimana Pacifique ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw‘urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw. [4] Hakorimana Pacifique yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha ashyigikira ubusabe bwe avuga ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiye ku Iegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [5] Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza No RPA 00660/2022/HC/KIG ku wa 17/10/2024, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rimaze kuvugwa, rugabanyiriza ibihano Hakorimana Pacifique mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, rushingiye no ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yemera icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n‘ihazabu y’amafaranga miriyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [6] Hakorimana Pacifique yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa No RPAA 01224/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 04/12/2025, Hakorimana Pacifique yunganiwe na Mukandera Clotilde, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Gakwerere Javan, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Hakorimana Pacifique, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 5 n’amezi 6. Umwunganira avuga ko igihano Hakorimana Pacifique yahanishijwe gikurikije amategeko.

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[8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Hakorimana Pacifique nta shingiro zahabwa kuko ibihano yahanishijwe ari byo bito Urukiko Rukuru rutashoboraga kujya munsi, bityo ko atasaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [9] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira: Niba igihano Hakorimana Pacifique yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya Niba igihano Hakorimana Pacifique yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa [10] Hakorimana Pacifique avuga ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha kandi yari asanzwe yitwara neza mu muryango nyarwanda, akaba yarakoze icyaha abitewe n’uko nta kazi yari afite, kubw’ibyo agasaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe, kikagera ku gifungo cy’imyaka 3 n’amezi 6 nk’icyahanishijwe uwitwa Rutayisire Aubin mu rubanza No RPAA 00224/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 01/03/2023. [11] Asaba kandi Uru Rukiko kumugabanyiriza ibihano rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agace ka “b” na “d”; ndetse n’imanza No RS/INCOST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, RS/INCOST/SPEC 00005- 00006/2019/CS rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko ku wa 12/02/2020, RPAA 00255/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/01/2023, aho muri izo manza abahamwe n’ibyaha bagabanyirijwe ibihano kuko ko Itegeko rirengera abantu bose kimwe, nawe akagabanyirizwa ibihano, agataha agasanga umugore n’abana yasize. [12] Avoka wunganira Hakorimana Pacifique avuga harebwe ibyo amategeko ateganya, asanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, uwo yunganira yahanishijwe gikurikije amategeko [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Hakorimana Pacifique adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yabigabanyirijwe bihagije mu rubanza rujuririrwa, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [14] Asobanura ko Hakorimana Pacifique yahamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye by’urumogi, ibihano yahanishijwe (igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw) kubera ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, aribyo bihano bito ntarengwa Urukiko rutari kujya munsi, ko rero ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zerekeranye no kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw Hakorimana Pacifique yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rujururirwa cyakongera kugabanywa.

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[16] Ibyerekeranye no kongera kugabanyiriza igihano umuburanyi wahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu, ku cyaha yahamijwe itegeko rihanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude. Muri urwo rubanza, Cyuzuzo Jean Claude wahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5,000,000 Frw ku icyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje (igika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza) ko “mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe ku bahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi bahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bakajurira basaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, uru Rukiko rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BimenyimanA Jean Paul1, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, maze rwemeza ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha.” Uyu murongo wakoreshejwe mu zindi manza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko.2 [17] Urukiko rushingiye kuri uwo murongo, rurasanga ibyo Hakorimana Pacifique asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano bidashoboka kubera ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa yahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye by’urumogi kandi icyo gihano kikaba ari cyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko kidashobora kugibwa munsi k’uwahamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibyobyabwenge3, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. [18] Ku birebana n’imanza No RS/INCOST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, No RS/INCOST/SPEC 00005- 00006/2019/CS rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko ku wa 12/02/2020 na No RPAA 00255/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/01/2023, Hakorimana Pacifique avuga ko zagabanyirije ibihano abandi baregwa ibyaha bimwe nawe bagabanyirijwe ibihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, agasaba uru Rukiko kuzishingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku murongo wibukijwe haruguru watanze mu rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude, rurasanga izo manza zose Hakorimana Pacifique asaba ko zashingirwaho zose zaraciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru risohoka, zikaba zitagikoreshwa kuko

1 Uru rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. 2 Urugero: Urubanza Nº RPAA 00769/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/05/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BIZABARIMANA Cléophas (igika cya 30); Urubanza Nº RPAA 01273/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na NDIKUBWIMANA Jean Damascene (igika cya 10); n’izindi. 3 Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ritarahinduka mu ngingo ya 60 ryateganyaga ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25); ihazabu ntijye munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

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zishingiye ku itegeko ryahinduwe, bityo ibyo asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) n’amezi atandatu (6) nk’icyahawe Rutayisire Aubin bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi kuba hari ababuranyi bamwe bagabanyirijwe igihano ku cyaha cyabahamye cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi cyangwa kubitunda, bagahanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’icyo Hakorimana Pacifique yahawe cy’imyaka 15 ku cyaha cyamuhamye gisa n’icyabo bandi, bitavuze ko nta butabera butanzwe cyangwa ko habayeho gusumbanya ababuranyi ku mpamvu y’uko hatatanzwe ibihano bingana ku byaha bisa byakozwe mu buryo bujya gusa ndetse n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ari zimwe, kuko abahamwe n’ibyaha babikoze mu bihe binyuranye bigengwa n’amategeko atandukanye bitewe n’igihe icyaha cyakorewe n’itegeko ryagihanaga icyo gihe, bikaba rero bidatangaje ko abantu bakoze icyaha kimwe mu buryo bujya gusa ndetse n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ari zimwe, bahanwa mu buryo butandukanye. [20] Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bisobanuro byose, rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Hakorimana Pacifique nta shingiro bufite, akaba ari nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00660/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/10/2024. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hakorimana Pacifique nta shingiro bufite. [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00660/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/10/2024 idahindutse. [23] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5,000,000Frw Hakorimana Pacifique yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi kigumyeho. [24] Ruvuze ko Hakorimana Pacifique asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.