UBUSHINJACYAHA vs HARORIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs HARORIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA00364/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs HARORIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00364/2024/CA (Rukundakuvuga P.J.) 21 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Imirongo mu manza – Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko abaturage batanze amakuru ko uregwa acuruza urumogi, nuko Polisi ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge ikora Target operation ifata uregwa azaniye abitwa Habanabakize na Mukagakuba Josée ibiro bitatu (3kg) by’urumogi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugera ku gihano gito gishoboka, kuko kuva mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, yasabye kandi ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa kuko ariwe usanzwe ufasha umuryango we. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza nuko rushingiye ku kuba uregwa yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuva mu nzego zose z’iperereza no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, rwemeye kumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) no gutanga ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’uRwanda miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw). Uregwa nanone yajuririye Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko rukwiye kwita ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, maze rukabona ko ntacyabuza Umucamanza gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko, arusaba kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, busaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) uregwa yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kitahindurwa kuko ari cyo gihano gito gishoboka. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye. Amategeko yashingiwe: Ingingo ya 2 y'Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023. Ubushinjacyaha vs. Bimenyimana, RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 19/10/2020 mu Mudugudu w'Agatare, Akagali ka Gatwa, Umurenge wa Murambi, Polisi ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge (ANU) ku makuru yatanzwe n'abaturage ko Harorimana Abel acuruza urumogi, yakoze Target operation ifata Harorimana Abel azaniye Habanabakize Thomas na Mukagakuba Josée ibiro bitatu (3kg) by’urumogi. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Harorimana Abel mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Harorimana Abel yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi agisabira imbabazi. [2] Mu rubanza N°RP 00727/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 17/12/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwemeje ko Harorimana Abel ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [3] Harorimana Abel ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugera ku gihano gito gishoboka, kuko kuva mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. Yasabye kandi ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa kuko ariwe usanzwe ufasha umuryango we. [4] Mu rubanza N°RPA 00090/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 10/05/2024, Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba Harorimana Abel yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuva mu nzego zose z’iperereza no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, rwemeye kumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) no gutanga ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’uRwanda miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw). [5] Harorimana Abel ntiyanyuzwe n’igihano yahawe, yongera kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe buhabwa no RPAA 00364/2024/CA. Iburanisha mu ruhame ryashyizwe ku wa 13/01/2025, uwo munsi ugeze yitaba yunganiwe na Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [6] Mu bujurire bwe, Harorimana Abel asaba Urukiko kwita ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, maze rukabona ko ntacyabuza Umucamanza gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko, arusaba kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano. Ku rundi ruhande, Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko igihano yahawe ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha cyamuhamye, bityo kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. [7] Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba Harorimana Abel ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA a. Kumenya niba Harorimana Abel ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [8] Harorimana Abel avuga ko Urukiko rutahaye agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zose yarugaragarije, rumugenera igihano kiremereye. Avuga ko, iyo Umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, nta kimubuza kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano, ndetse akaba yajya no munsi y’igihano gito gishoboka, nk’uko byagiye bikorwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye. Atanga urugero rw’urubanza nº RPAA 00530/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Kanamugire Eric alias Timbiri, wari warahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20 ariko akagabanyirizwa, agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 5. Hari n’urubanza rwa Nyirishema Fiston, nawe washinjwaga gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ariko kubera ko yemeye icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranwe, Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu.

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[9] Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, umwunganira, avuga ko n’ubwo urukiko rutagaragaje ko ari ubwa mbere uregwa yari akoze icyaha, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) yahawe ari cyo gihano gito gishoboka cyateganyirijwe icyaha yahamijwe. Yongeraho ko n’ubwo ari cyo gito gishoboka kikiremereye uwo yunganira. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Harorimana Abel nta shingiro bufite bushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace (a) na (d) y’itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, iteganya ko igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha; bityo busaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Harorimana Abel yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kitahindurwa kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha no ku manza zaciwe zagaragajwe, rukagabanya igihano kikajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), Harorimana Abel yahawe. [12] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 601 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul2, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa3. [13] Imanza Harorimana Abel asaba ko zashingirwaho ni urubanza Nº RPAA 00530/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 23/05/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kanamugire Eric alias Timbiri n’urubanza RPAA 00408/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2023 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nyirishema Fiston. Nk’uko bigaragara izi manza zombi zaciwe mbere y’uko itegeko ryavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki risohoka, zikaba rero zidashobora gushingirwaho. [14] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza urumogi Harorimana Abel yahamijwe giteganywa kandi kigahanishwa ingingo ya 11 y'Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ihindura ingingo ya 263 y'Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange. Iki cyaha cyateganyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ari hejuru ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20,000,000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30,000,000 FRW). [15] Ingingo ya 2 y'Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15. Naho igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha

1 Iyi ngingo yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano. Icyakoza urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’urukiko rw’ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye zisobanura ko uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano buteganyijwe muri iyo ngingo bunyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye n’ubwingenge bw’umucamanza kuko idatanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije bufasha umucamanza guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’igihano. 2 Uru rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe 3 Ibi byasobanuwe mu gika cya 17-18 by’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse.

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cyakozwe. Ibi rero byumvikanisha ko ku cyaha Harorimana Abel yahamijwe, Urukiko rudashobora kujya munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Iki gihano akaba ari cyo Harorimana Abel yahawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [16] Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kugabanyiriza Harorimana Abel igihano rukagarukira ku gifungo cy'imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Naho ibyo kuvuga ko hari impamvu nyoroshya cyaha zititaweho, n’iyo izo mpamvu zitabwaho Urukiko ntirwari kumugabanyiriza ngo rujye munsi y’igihano yahawe nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 15. Hashingiwe kuri ibi bisobanuro, uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Harorimana Abel nta shingiro bufite; [18] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza N°RPA 00090/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 10/05/2024 idahindutse; [19] Rwemeje ko Harorimana Abel akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu ya Miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw), yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru; [20] Rutegetse ko Harorimana Abel asonewe gutanga amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.