UBUSHINJACYAHA v HATEGEKIMANA N’UNDI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v HATEGEKIMANA N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00445/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HATEGEKIMANA N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00445/2024/CA (Tugireyezu, J.P.) 25 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibyaha n’ibihano - Ibyaha byo kunywa, gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge - Kugira ngo hagaragare itandukanira riri hagati yo kugira ibiyobyabwenge ugamije kubyikoreshereza no kubigira ugamije ubucuruzi bwabyo (simple drug possession vs drug trafficking) ubushinjacyaha bufite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko uregwa afite ibiyobyabwenge, yabigurishije cyangwa yaragamije kubigurisha hakanagaragazwa ibimenyetso byerekana ko ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge buriho koko k’uwabifatanywe. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso - Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 21/11/2021, uwitwa Hategekimana uzwi ku izina rya Kigabo yasabye uwitwa Niyoyita ikibiriti cyo kunywesha itabi, arebye iryo itabi asanga ni urumogi maze aha amakuru ushinzwe umutekano araza amufatana agapfunyika kamwe k’urumogi. Uyu yavuze ko urwo rumogi yaruhawe n’uwitwa Kampire ajya kumwerekana aho yarari kunywera mu kabare na we afatanwa udupfunyika 118 mu gikapu cye. Nyuma yo kuzuza dosiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwabareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyabahama, bakagihanirwa. Aba bombi baburanye bahakana icyo cyaha aho Kampire yavugaga ko nubwo igikapu ari icye ariko urumogi rwashyizwemo na Hategekimana agamije kumufungisha naho Hategekimana we akavuga ko ntaho ahuriye n’urwo rumogi. Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye rwasanze Kampire ahamwa n’icyaha cyo cyo gutunda no kubika ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi agamije kugicuruza, naho Hategekimana ahamwa n’ubufatanyacyaha kuri icyo cyaha ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Abaregwa bajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru basaba kugirwa abere. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ibimenyetso byashingiweho bahamwa icyaha bifite ishingiro ariko kuko ari ubwa mbere bari bahamwe n’icyaha, rubagabanyiriza ibihano, ruhanisha buri umwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw. Abaregwa bajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko batigeze bakora icyaha bahamijwe. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Kampire yarahamijwe icyaha atakoze no kumenya niba Hategekimana yahindurirwa inyito y’icyaha. Kampire asobanura ko urumogi ashinjwa rutari urwe ahubwo rwashyizwe mu gikapu cye na Hategekimana kubera amakimbirane bari bafitanye ko abatangabuhamya barumushinja nabo bafitanye isano na Hategekimana bose bakaba bagamije kumufungisha. Hategekimana we avuga ko yemera icyaha cyo kunywa urumugo kuko yafatanywe agapfunyika kamwe yari aguze agiye ku kanywa bityo akaba adacuruza urumogi. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko ibivugwa na Kampire

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nta shingiro bifite kuko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwe akaba yararucuruzaga aza no gusaba Hategekimana ngo ajye amushakira abaguzi aribwo yamuhaye urwo kubanza kunywa. Naho ku bivugwa na Hategekimana, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bitahabwa agaciro kuko icyaha yahamijwe kijyanye n’ibikorwa yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kugira ngo hagaragare itandukaniro riri hagati yo kugira ibiyobyabwenge ugamije kubyikoreshereza no kubigira ugamije ubucuruzi bwabyo (simple drug possession vs drug trafficking) ubushinjacyaha bufite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko uregwa afite ibiyobyabwenge, yabigurishije cyangwa yaragamije kubigurisha hakanagaragazwa ibimenyetso byerekana ko ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge buriho koko k’uwabifatanywe. 2. Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Ubujurire bwa Hategekimana bufite ishingiro; Ubujurire bwa Kampire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 119; Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00220/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Sibomana Jean Bosco, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/05/2024; RPAA 00692/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023; RPAA 00132/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Uyisenga Théogène, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/07/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Ku wa 21/11/2021, Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yasanze uwitwa Niyoyita aho acururiza ibisheke, amubwira ko ashaka ikibiriti cyo kunywesha itabi, Niyoyita abona ni urumogi ruri mu gipapuro, ahita aha amakuru ushinzwe umutekano, uyu araza, baramufata, Kigabo ahita afata akabure k’urumogi yari afite mu isogisi ahita agashyira mu kanwa arakarya, bashatse kurumwambura basanga yarumize. Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo, bakimara kumufata yababwiye ko aho kugira ngo bamutware, yabereka umutumye, bamushyira imbere ajya kubereka Kampire Zibia wari mu kabare ari kunywa inzoga ya TURBO, bamusangana urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 118 arubitse mu gikapu yari afite, hanyuma bose bashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha bubakorera dosiye ishyikirizwa Ubushinjacyaha.

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[2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, bukurikiranyeho Kampire Zibia na Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyabahama, bakagihanirwa. [3] Kampire Zibia na Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo, baburanye bahakana icyaha. Kampire akisobanura avuga ko igikapu bamufatanye ari icye ariko ko urumogi rwarimo ari Hategekimana waruhashyize kubera amakimbirane bafitanye ashaka kumufungisha. Hategekimana nawe agahanakana avuga ko ntaho ahuriye n’urwo rumogi. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00809/2021/TGI/RBV, rwaciwe ku wa 06/01/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko abaregwa bakoze icyaha birimo:

Imvugo za Kampire yemera ko urwo rumogi barusanze mu gikapu cye;

Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Twagirimana Théophile na Ntegeyimana Jean de Dieu babashinja;

Raporo y’inzego z’ibanze;

Inyandiko mvugo y’ibyabaye (Pv de constat) ndetse n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso rwemeje ko Kampire Zibia ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi agamije kugicuruza, naho Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo ahamwa n’ubufatanyacyaha kuri icyo cyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi agamije kugishakira abaguzi, ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [5] Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo na Kampire Zibia, ntibishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, basaba kugirwa abere. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu zabo z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro kuko Urukiko rwasobanuye ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho rubahamya icyaha. Mu rubanza No RPA 00085/2022/HC/MUS, RPA 00396/2022/HC/MUS, rwaciwe ku wa 27/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasanze ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu rwego rwa mbere bibahamya icyaha bifite ishingiro ariko kubera ko aribwo bwa mbere bari bakurikiranweho icyaha, rwabagabanyirije ibihano ruhanisha Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo na Kampire Zibia buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw. [7] Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo na Kampire Zibia, ntibishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, bajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa nº RPAA 00445/2024/CA, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 07/01/2025, ariko kuri uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa kuko abaregwa bose batari bitabye, iburanisha ryimurirwa ku wa 27/01/2025. Uwo munsi ugeze nabwo urubanza ntirwaburanishijwe kuko Kampire Zibia atari yitabye, maze urubanza rwimurirwa ku wa 29/01/2025. Kuri uwo munsi, ababuranyi bose bari bitabye, Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yitabye yunganiwe na Me rusagara Innocent, Kampire Zibia yitabye yunganiwe na Me Musabwa K. Frédéric naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu, ariko kuri uwo munsi urubanza rwaraburanishijwe ntirwarangira, rwimurirwa ku wa 06/02/2025 kugira ngo Ubushinjacyaha bujye kubaza

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umutangabuhamya ku bibazo urukiko rwari rwibajijwe. Uwo munsi iburanisha ryarakomeje ababuranyi bunganiwe nka mbere ndetse riranapfundikirwa. [8] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, Kampire Zibia avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha atakoze kuko urumogi rwafatiwe mu gikapu cye atari urwe ahubwo ari urwa Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo akaba yararushyizemo agamije kumugerekaho icya kubw’amakimbirane bari bafitanye kuko ari we wahamagaye inzego z’ibanze anazibwira ko Kampire afite urumogi n’ingano yarwo, ko iyo aba atari we warushyizemo atari kumenya ingano yarwo, asobanura kandi ko atemera ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Niyoyita na nyiri akabari kuko bafitanye isano na Kigabo ahubwo ko yemera ibyavuzwe n’umuyobozi w’Umudugudu. [9] Bakomeza basobanura ko Zibia akwiye kugirwa umwere kuko atazi uburyo urwo rumogi rwashyizwe mu gikapu cye, basaba urukiko gushishoza ko ku kuba urumogi rwarafatiwe mu gikapu cye atazi uko rwagezemo kuko igikapu yari yakibye, ko kuba yarasinye ku nyandiko yifatira bitavuze ko yemeye ko yafatanwe urumogi. Ko kandi Abatangabuhamya bashingiweho badakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko ari abagamije kumushyira mu kibazo, ko kuba Kigabo amushinja abimuterwa n’ikibazo bafitanye mu muryango. [10] Mu mwanzuro n’imiburanire ye, Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo n’umwunganira bavuga ko yemera igikorwa yakoze cyo kugura boule imwe y’urumogi kwa Kampire Zibia akaza no kurumira, basaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka agahanirwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kuko atabicuruza ndetse akanagabanyirizwa igihano ndetse akanagisubikirwa. [11] Ku birebana na Kampire Zibia, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu ze nta shingiro zifite kuko hasuzumwe ibyo yivugiye mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 2021 ku gisubizo cya 3 aho yavuze ko “urumogi baramufatanye ariko atari urwe” ariko ko ibyo inkiko zabisuzumye zigasanga ari urwe ari nacyo zashingiyeho zimuhamya icyaha. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu za Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro kuko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ihuye n’ibikorwa yakoze, ko rero itahinduka, asobanura kandi ko igihano cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kitagabanywa kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange cyane cyane ingingo yaryo ya 2. Ariko nyuma y’uko habajijwe umutangabuhamya wari washingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru witwa Niyoyita, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze mu ibazwa rya Niyoyita yasubije ko Kigabo yamusabye ikibiriti gusa ariko atigeze amusaba amutuma abakiriya ko ari nabyo bikwiye gushingirwaho aho kuba ibigaragara muri raporo y’inzego z’ibanze kuko ariwe wavuganye na Kigabo ari nawe wari uzi ibyo bavuganye, bityo Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuri Kigabo inyito yahinduka maze agahamywa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa urumogi agahanishwa imyaka ibiri. [13] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ibibazo bikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza, ari icyo kumenya niba Kampire Zibia yarahamijwe icyaha atakoze no kumenya niba Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yahindurirwa inyito y’icyaha ndetse akagabanyirizwa n’igihano.

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II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Kumenya niba Kampire Zibia yarahamijwe icyaha atakoze

[14] Kampire Zibia avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha atakoze kuko urumogi rwafatiwe mu gikapu cye atari urwe ahubwo ari urwa Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo akaba yararushyizemo agamije kumugerekaho icya kubw’amakimbirane bari bafitanye kuko ari we wahamagaye inzego z’ibanze anazibwira ko Kampire Zibia afite urumogi n’ingano yarwo, ko iyo aba atari we warushyizemo atari kumenya ingano yarwo, asobanura kandi ko atemera ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Niyoyita na nyiri akabari kuko bafitanye isano na Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo ahubwo ko yemera ibyavuzwe n’umuyobozi w’Umudugudu. [15] Bakomeza basobanura ko Kampire Zibia akwiye kugirwa umwere kuko atazi uburyo urwo rumogi rwashyizwe mu gikapu cye, basaba urukiko gushishoza ko ku kuba urumogi rwarafatiwe mu gikapu cye atazi uko rwagezemo kuko igikapu yari yakibye, ko kuba yarasinye ku nyandiko yifatira bitavuze ko yemeye ko yafatanwe urumogi. Ko kandi Abatangabuhamya bashingiweho badakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko ari abagamije kumushyira mu kibazo, ko kuba Kigabo amushinja abimuterwa n’ikibazo bafitanye mu muryango. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu za Kampire Zibia nta shingiro zifite kuko hasuzumwe ibyo yivugiye mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 2021 ku gisubizo cya 3 aho yavuze ko “urumogi baramufatanye ariko atari urwe” ariko ko ibyo inkiko zabisuzumye zigasanga ari urwe ari nacyo zashingiyeho zimuhamya icyaha. [17] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asobanura ko Kampire Zibia yahamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza urumogi ahanishwa imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw, ko kuba ubu avuga ko atazi uburyo urumogi rwageze mu gikapu ataribyo ahubwo yagiye mu kabari acuruza urumogi anashoramo Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo amwiyambaje ngo acuruze urumogi ndetse amuha n’urwo gusongongera ngo narangiza kurunywa amushakire abakiriya nk’uko abishinjwa na Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo, ko Kampire Zibia yari yahishe urumogi mu gikapu cye ruri mu ifu yaruhishemo, aza gufatwa ari uko Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yari yatumye afashwe. Bityo ko Icyaha Kampire Zibia yahamijwe cyo gutunda akwiye kugihamywa kuko yafashwe yarukuye ahandi ndetse anacuruza urwo rumogi kuko yari yashatse Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo ngo amushakire abakiriya. Hari inyandiko yifatira yasinyeho yemera ko arufatanwe ndetse akanabishinjwa na Kigabo, ko kuba Kampire Zibia avuga ko yari afitanye ikibazo na Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo sibyo kuko batari kuba bafitanye ikibazo ngo bapange gukorana ubucuruzi na cyane ko atabivuze mu nkiko zibanza kuba abivuga ubu akaba ari amatakirangoyi. Bityo ko ibyo urukiko rukuru rwemeje bikwiye kuguma uko biri. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Kampire Zibia yarahamijwe icyaha atakoze hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho ndetse no kumenya niba ibyo Kigabo amushinja ndetse n’ibyo abandi batangabuhamya bavuze bitashingirwaho kuko bafitanye ikibazo.

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[19] Kubyerekeranye n’ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, mu rubanza n° RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, hasesenguwe ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, harebwe cyane cyane ku mwihariko w’imanza nshinjabyaha, maze urukiko rusobanura ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Iri hame ryashingiweho mu zindi manza zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru rukiko, harimo n’urubanza n° RPAA 00220/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/05/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na SIBOMANA Jean Bosco. [20] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya Kampire Zibia abazwa mu bugenzacyaha ku wa 27/11/2021. Muri iyo nyandikomvugo, Kampire Zibia yavuze ko n’ubwo yafatanwe urumogi mu gikapu cye ariko ko atemera icyaha kuko atazi ko urumogi rwageze mu gikapu cye. Asobanura ko yari ari kunywera hanze y’akabari atazi nyirako yajyanyweyo na Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo kuko yari yagiye kumushakira umucuruzi wa karoti, nyuma Kigabo yaraje amubwira ko atakomeza kunywera hanze, bajya mu nzu Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo afata igikapu cye agishyira muri kontwari (comptoire) hashize akanya abona abagabo babiri bamubwira ko afite urumogi ko ari kigabo ubibabwiye ko acuruza urumogi, ashatse igikapu arakibura maze mudugudu agikura muri kontwari maze barebyemo basangamo urumogi ariko ko we atazi uburyo rwagezemo. Dosiye igaragaza ko iyo mvugo yayikomeje no mubugenzacyaha ariko abajijwe icyo apfana na Kigabo avuga ko ari inshuti y’iwabo ko mama we na nyina ari inshuti ariko ko hari bene wabo bagiranye ikibazo. [21] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza inyandikomvugo y’ifatira yo ku wa 22/11/2021 igaragaza ko Kampire Zibia yafatanwe udupfunyika 118 tw’urumogi, arabyerekwa arabyemera maze ashyira umukono kuri iyo nyandiko. [22] Dosiye igaragaza kandi raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yiswe “raporo y’ifatwa rw’urumogi”. muri iyo raporo, ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Nyamwishyura aho abaregwa bafatiwe, bugaragaza ko bwatabajwe na Niyoyita ababwira ko hari umusore wamusabye kumushakira umuguzi w’urumogi udupfunyika 700, bahageze basanga ni Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo ufite agapfunyika kamwe (1) k’urumogi, ababonye ahita agafata aragahekenye arakamira yanga ko bayimushorerana. Abajijwe aho yarukuye ababwira ko rufitwe n’uwitwa Kampire Zibia, abarangira aho ari basanga afite igikapu kirimo: urumogi udupfunyika 118, ifu y’ubugali, ifu y’ubwoko batazi n’imyambaro itandukanye. Muri iyo raporo kandi basobanura ko Kampire Zibia yari arwicaranye aho yari ari kunywera turbo ategereje ko uwo yatumye agaruka. [23] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa ry’umutangabuhamya Niyoyita mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 24/11/2021. Muri iyo nyandikomvugo, Niyoyita yasobanuye ko haje umusore agura igisheke, aragenda nyuma agaruka gutira ikibiriti ngo anywe itabi, barebye basanga ni urumogi, bahita bamufata ahita arushyira mu kanwa araruhekenya bamwasamuye ahita arumira, akomeza avuga ko bamusatse basanga afite urundi mu isogisi bamubajije aho arukuye ababwira ko ari umugore uri mu kabari ko kwa Jean de Dieu bita Stan, bageze muri ako kabari basanga ni umugore ufite urumogi rwinshi ariko ko we atagiye aho bafatiye uwo mugore kuko yasigaye acuruza.

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[24] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa ry’umutangabuhamya Twagirimana Théophile, akaba n’ushinzwe umutekano aho abaregwa bafatiwe, mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 24/11/2021. Muri iyo nyandikomvugo mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 24/11/2021. Muri iyo nyandikomvugo, Twagirimana Théophile yavuze ko Niyoyita yamuhaye amakuru ko hari umusore waje ababwira ngo nibamurangurire urumogi, ahita ahagera amubwira ko ari mutekano maze uwo musore ahita afata boule 1 yari yabitse mu isogisi ahita ayimira, maze arababwira ngo aho kumutwara reka abereke urumuhaye, bagezeyo basanga ni umugore uri kunywa inzoga ya Turbo bamusatse mu gikapu yari afite bahita basanga afite urumogi udupfunyika 118. Ko akurikije ukuntu urwo rumogi rwari ruhishe mu ifu aho yabanje kurushyira mu gikombe akagitebeza muri iyo fu, bigaragaza ko asanzwe abikora. [25] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa ry’umutangabuhamya Ntegeyimana Jean de Dieu, akaba na nyirak’abari Kampire Zibia yafatiwemo, mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 24/11/2021. Muri iyo nyandikomvugo mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 24/11/2021. Muri iyo nyandikomvugo, Ntegeyimana Jean de Dieu yavuze haje umugore uri kumwe na Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo baraza bamwaka inzoga arayibaha barayishyura ariko bahita bagenda batayinyoye kuko ngo hari umuntu bari bagiye kureba, nyuma baragarutse bamwaka ya nzoga arayibaha ariko kigabo arongera aragenda, hashize akanya abona ushinzwe umutekano, mudugudu n’Ushinzwe imibereho myiza barinjiye babwira uwo mugore ko bafite amakuru ko afite urumogi arabihakana ariko barebye mu ifu yari afite basangamo urumogi ruri mu gikombe n’urundi yari afite mu isakame (sac a main). [26] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo ashinja Kampire Zibia ko yamuhaye agapfunyika kamwe (1) k’urumogi, amutuma kujya kumushakira abakiriya bagura utundi 118 yari afite, akavuga ko ubwo yari agiye kunywa urwo rumogi aribwo yagiye gutira ikibiriti, aho agitiye bahita bamutanga nawe agaragaza uwarumuhaye aribwo Kampire Zibia yafatwaga. [27] Nk’uko bigaragara kuva mu gika cya 20 kugeza kucya 23 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ibimenyetso bigizwe n’imvugo z’abaregwa aho buriwese ashinja mugenzi we kuba ariwe washyize mu gikapu urumogi rwafashwe, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Ntegeyimana Jean de Dieu, akaba nyiri akabari kafatiwemo Kampire Zibia afite urumogi, Twagirimana Théophile n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira igaragaza ko Kampire Zibia ubwe yemera ko yafatanwe urwo rumogi, inyandikomvugo y’ifatira Kampire Zibia yashyizeho umukono asinyira udupfunyika 118 tw’urumogi yafatanwe, ko ibyo bimenyetso byashingirwaho hemezwa ko yacuruzaga urumogi naho kuba Kampire Zibia avuga ko atamenye ibyari mu gikapu cye cyangwa ko atamenye uko urumogi rwageze mu bikapu bye 2 bitamugirira akamaro kuko ari inshingano ze zo kumenya ibyo afite, iyo inzego zibifite mu nshingano zagaragaje ko ibyahafatiwe bibujijwe kuko ariwe wari ubifite, ko rero kuba mu bikoresho bye (igikapu cye na sac a main) ariho hafatiwe urumogi, kuvuga ko atamenye ko ibyo yari afite (urumogi) ari ibintu bibujijwe mu mategeko y’u Rwanda nta shingiro kuko yari afite inshingano zo kumenya mbere na mbere ibyo afite, ko kwihunza inshingano zo kumenya ibyo ufite cyangwa kwirengagiza kureba no kumenya ibyo ufite kandi waragombaga kukimenya bigize icyaha. [28] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byemejwe n’abatangabuhamya batandukanye barimo Twagirimana Théophile na Ntegeyimana Jean de Dieu, akaba na nyirak’abari Kampire Zibia yafatiwemo, bemeje ko Kampire Zibia yafatanwe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 118 ruri

## Page 8

mu gikapu yari afite rumwe yarushyize mu gikombe yagitebeje mu ifu y’ubugari yari afite urundi arushyira muri sac a main. Ibyo kandi bihura n’ibyo Kampire Zibia yiyemerera ko mu gikapu cye ‘ubwo ahakana ko atariwe warushyizemo. Rusanga kandi raporo y’inzego z’ibanze igaragaza neza ko urwo rumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 118 yarufatanwe koko ndetse basanze Kampire Zibia arwicaranye aho yari ari kunywera turbo ategereje ko uwo yatumye agaruka. [29] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, kuba mu gikapu na Sac à main bya Kampire Zibia harafatiwe urumogi nk’uko abishinjwa n’abatangabuhamya ndetse nawe akaba abyiyemerera kandi akaba atagaragaza ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko hari undi warushyizemo, bigaragaza ko urwo rumogi ari urwe yari ari gucuruza nk’uko abishinjwa na Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo. Naho kuba avuga ko urwo rumogi akeka ko rwaba rwarashyizwemo na Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo ubwo yajyanaga igikapu muri comptoire y’akabari, uru rukiko rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira byemeza ko igikapu cye cyari muri comptoire koko na cyane ko muri raporo y’Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze hagaragajwe ko ubwo Kampire Zibia yafatwaga, yari arwicaranye aho yari ari kunywera turbo ategereje ko uwo yatumye agaruka, bikaba byumvikanisha rero ko icyo gikapu kitari muri comptoire kuko raporo igaragaza ko yari abyicaranye kandi akaba atarabashije kubivuguruza. [30] Ku birebana n’ibivugwa na Kampire Zibia avuga ko urumogi rwashyizwe mu gikapu na Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo agamije kumushyiraho icyaha kubera urwango rwo mu miryango yabo, ndetse ko ibyo Kigabo amushinja n’abandi batangabuhamya bavuze bitashingirwaho kuko bafitanye ikibazo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga uretse no kuba Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo atari kubona uko ashyira urwo rumogi mu bikapu bya Kampire Zibia kuko atigeze yaka Kampire Zibia igikapu nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, rusanga kuba avuga ko hari hari urwango hagati ye n’imiryango ya Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko uretse kubivuga gusa mu magambo nta bimenyetso abitangira na cyane ko iyo baba bari bafitanye urwango n’imiryango ya Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo atari kwemera ko bajyana kunywa muri ako kabari ngo asangire nawe cyangwa bakorane business yo gucuruza karoti nk’uko abivuga. Rusanga ahubwo kuba avuga ko bari bafitanye urwango abiburanisha ashaka guhunga icyaha kuko abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha Kampire Zibia ubwe yiyemereye ko Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo ari inshuti y’iwabo kuko nyina wa Kampire Zibia ari inshuti na nyina wa Hategekimana Jean Bosco Alias Kigabo. [31] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rusanga kandi kuba Kampire Zibia asaba ko ibyo Kigabo amushinja ndetse n’ibyo abandi batangabuhamya bavuze bitashingirwaho kuko bafitanye ikibazo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta nta shingiro bifite kuko uretse no kuba nta bimenyetso byemeza urwo rwangoa avuga nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ntaho agaragaza ko abamufatanye urumogi barimo Mudugudu cyangwa ushinjwe umutekano haba hari icyo bapfa cyari gutuma bemeza ko yafatanwe urumogi udupfunyika 118 kiri mu gikapu cye akicaranye. Kuba rero urukiko rukuru rwaraburanishije ibimenyetso bigizwe n’imvugo z’abaregwa aho buriwese ashinja mugenzi we kuba ariwe washyize mu gikapu urumogi rwafashwe, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Ntegeyimana Jean de Dieu, akaba nyiri akabari kafatiwemo Kampire Zibia afite urumogi, Twagirimana Théophile n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira igaragaza ko Kampire Zibia ubwe yemera ko yafatanwe urwo rumogi, inyandikomvugo y’ifatira Kampire Zibia yashyizeho umukono asinyira udupfunyika 118 tw’urumogi yafatanwe ariko Kampire Zibia ntabashe kubivuguruza byumvikana ko nta cyari kubuza urukiko gushingira kuri ibyo bimenyetso kuko mu manza nshinjabyaha,

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ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. [32] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya Kampire Zibia ivuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho nta shingiro ifite kuko urukiko rwasuzumye ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha rukemeza ko bikwiye gushingirwaho kuko bigaragaza ukuri kandi Kampire Zibia akaba atarabashije kubivuguruza cyangwa kwerekana uko gushidikanya aburanasha.

1.

Kumenya niba Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yahindurirwa inyito y’icyaha ndetse akagabanyirizwa.

[33] Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo n’umwunganira bavuga ko yemera igikorwa yakoze cyo kugura boule imwe y’urumogi kwa Kampire Zibia akaza no kurumira, basaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka agahanirwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kuko atabicuruza ndetse akanagabanyirizwa igihano ndetse akanagisubikirwa. [34] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu za Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro kuko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ihuye n’ibikorwa yakoze, ko rero itahinduka, asobanura kandi ko igihano cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kitagabanywa kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange cyane cyane ingingo yaryo ya 2. Ariko nyuma y’uko habajijwe umutangabuhamya wari washingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru witwa Niyoyita, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze mu ibazwa rya Niyoyita yasubije ko Kigabo yamusabye ikibiriti gusa ariko atigeze amusaba amutuma abakiriya ko ari nabyo bikwiye gushingirwaho aho kuba ibigaragara muri raporo y’inzego z’ibanze kuko ariwe wavuganye na Kigabo ari nawe wari uzi ibyo bavuganye, bityo Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuri Kigabo inyito yahinduka maze agahamywa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa urumogi agahanishwa imyaka ibiri kuko kuba Kampire Zibia yaramutumye gushaka abakiriya Kigabo ariko yagerayo ntabashake bigaragaza ko ikimenyetso kimufata ari uko yinywereye gusa kuko aribyo bikorwa yakoze UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [35] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba bikorwa Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa cyangwa niba bigize ubufatanyacya mu gutunda no gucuruza urumogi nk’uko yabihamijwe mbere. [36] Mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uyisenga Théogène alias Rasta, Urukiko rw’ubujurire rwasobanuye ko guhinga ibiyobyabwenge ari igikorwa cyose kijyanye no gutera, kubungabunga ibimera ngo bikure neza, gusarura, kumisha, kubirinda indwara no kubivura, kubyongerera agaciro, kubiba, kuvomera, gushyushya no gukonjesha imyaka mu nyubako zabugenewe. Rwanasobanuye ko kugira ngo umuntu ahanirwe icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa

## Page 10

nkabyo kivugwa mu ngingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru nk’uko yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 11 y’ Itegeko nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 agomba kuba yahinze ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo hagamijwe kubigurisha cyangwa kubikwirakwiza (drugs trafficking/drug distribution). Naho uwahinze ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa indi miti ikoreshwa nkabyo bike agamije kubyikoreshereza ku giti cye gusa (simple drug possession/ consommation personnelle) agomba guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, ko kandi gufatanwa bitagarukira gusa ku gusanganwa ibiyobyabwenge mu mufuka cyangwa mu ntoki, ahubwo binareba n’ibyo uregwa yafatanwe mu rugo cyangwa ahandi hantu yari afite ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa indi miti ikoreshwa nkabyo ubwo yafatwaga mu gihe cyose yari abigeneye kubikoresha ku giti cye aho kuba kubigurisha cyangwa kubikwirakwiza1. [37] Ibimenyetso bitandukanye burimo n’Ubuhamya bwa Niyoyita biri muri dosiye y’urubanza bigaragaza ko Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yagiye gutira ikibiriti uwitwa Niyoyita amubwira ko ashaka kunywa itabi, amubaza ubwoko bw’itabi agiye kunywa arebye asanga ni urumogi, maze ahamagara ubuyobozi, buje busanga afite agapfunyika kamwe k’urumogi ahita agahekenya arakamira yanga ko bamushorerana nako, ko bamubajije aho arukuye, ababwira ko ari umugore uri kunywera kwa Jean de Dieu aribwo basanganaga Kampire Zibia udupfunyika 118 tw’urumogi. Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yiyemereye ko Kampire Zibia yamuhaye agapfunyika kamwe (1) k’urumogi, ajya gusaba ikibiriti ngo arunywe akaba aribwo yafashwe, ko Kampire Zibia yari yamutumye gushaka abakiriya ariko ntabashake. [38] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibimenyetso biri mu gika kibanziriza iki, bigaragaza ko kwa Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yafatanwe urumogi rungana n’agapfunyika kamwe (1), ko ubwo yagafatanwaga yari agiye kukanywa ariko abonye abayobozi baje yahise agahekenya, ariko nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko hari urundi yari afite cyangwa ko yari asanzwe arukwirakwiza, ibyo kandi Ubushinjacyaha bukaba butarabashije kubinyomoza kuko nabwo buvuga ko kuba Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yaratumwe gushaka abakiriya na Kampire Zibia ariko ntabashake byumvikana ko atahanirwa gucuruza urumogi, ahubwo yahanirwa gufatanwa no kunywa kuko aribyo bifitiwe ibimenyetso. [39] Hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00132/2021/CA rwavuzwe, kuba nta kimenyetso cyererekana ko agapfunyika kamwe (1) Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yafatanwe yari agambiriye kurukwirakwiza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga atahanirwa icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ahubwo agomba guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge giteganywa kandi kigahanishwa ingingo ya 11, igika cya mbere n’icyaka kabiri, y’Itegeko nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusanga ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’iri Tegeko kubera ko agapfunyika kamwe k’urumogi ari gake kandi hakaba nta kimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze kigaragaza ko haba hari urundi yari afite cyangwa ko haba hari ikimenyetso cyerekana ko atunda cyangwa acuruza urumogi, ahubwo ikigaragara mu bimenyetso n’ibyo we avuga ari uko agapfunyika kamwe yari agiye ku kanywa arangije ahita aruhekenya ararumira. Bityo icyaha yakoze akaba ari ugufatanwa no kunywa urumogi kuko igikorwa yakoze kigize icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi.

1 Reba Urubanza Nº RPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uyisenga Théogène alias Rasta, kuva ku gika cya 17 kugeza ku cya 21

## Page 11

[40] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasangana rwemeranya n’Ubushinjacyaha ko kuba Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yaratumwe gushaka abakiriya ariko ntabashake byerekana ko akwiye gukurikiranwaho icyaha cyo kunywa no gufatanwa kuko agapfunyika kamwe yafashwe agiye ku kanywa, bityo kuba urukiko rukuru rwari rwamuhamije ubufatanyacyaha bw’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza urumogi bikaba bikwiye gukosorwa. [41] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru n’ibiteganywa ingingo ya 11, igika cya mbere n’icyaka kabiri2, y’Itegeko nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, uru Rukiko rukaba ruhanishije Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2), aho kuba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [42] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko y’ifunga yafatiweho, kuba Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yarafashwe agafungwa ku wa 22/11/2021 agomba kurekurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa kuko yarangije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2) yakatiwe n’uru Rukiko. [43] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga atari ngombwa kwirirwa rusuzuma ingingo irebana no kugabanya igihano no kugisubikirwa Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo yashyize mu ngingo ze z’ubujurire kuko byagaragaye ko yarangije igihano yakatiwe n’uru rukiko. [44] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo bufite ishingiro, bityo kuri Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo urubanza rujuririrwa rukaba ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[45] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo bufite ishingiro naho ubwa Kampire Zibia nta shingiro bufite; [46] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n˚ RPA 00085/2022/HC/MUS, RPA 00396/2022/HC/MUS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 27/05/2024 ihindutse gusa ku birebana na Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo;

[47] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) Kampire Zibia yari yahanishijwe mbere kigumyeho;

2 Riteganya ko “Umuntu wese ufatanwa, urya, unywa, witera, uhumeka cyangwa wisiga mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo, aba akoze icyaha. Umuntu wese uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora ibikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’umwaka umwe (1) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) cyangwa imirimo y’inyungu rusange.

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[48] Rwemeje ko Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi;

[49] Ruhanishije Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo igihano cy’imyaka ibiri (2);

[50] Rutegetse ko Hategekimana Jean Bosco alias Kigabo ahita arekurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa kuko yarangije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2) yakatiwe n’uru Rukiko.

[51] Ruvuze ko Kampire Zibia asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.