UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HATEGEKIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HATEGEKIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-16 - Case/document no.: RPAA01435/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HATEGEKIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01435/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 16 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Kongera kugabanya igihano – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Hategekimana yafashwe aje kugurisha ibiro bibiri (2kg) by’urumogi n’abashinzwe umutekano bari bigize abaguzi barwo, nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw'imiti ikoreshwa nka byo (gucuruza urumogi), busaba ko icyaha kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Hategekimana yaburanye ahakana icyaha, ko urwo rumogi atari urwe ahubwo ko yaruhawe n’umunyonzi wari umuhetse, wirutse akamusigira anvelope rwarimo akiruka, bakaba ariwe bafata. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rumaze gusuzuma ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe, rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Iki cyemezo Uregwa yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, n’ubwo mu rubanza rwa mbere yaburanye agihakana kubera gushukwa, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yamaze kugororoka, ndetse bikanasubikwa akajya hanze kwifasha kuko atabura akazi kubera ko yize imyuga, gusoma no kwandika. Muri ubwo bujurire bwa mbere bwatanzwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko butakwakirwa kuko Uregwa yajuriye impitagihe, ariko ngo Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rwamugabanyiriza ibihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ndetse n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’amategeko. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Uregwa bwakirwa, maze rumaze kubusuzuma rwemeza ko agabanyirizwa ibihano rushingiye rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, kuba icyaha yakoze kitaragize ingaruka zikomeye, no kuba ingano y‘urumogi yafatanwe ari ntoya, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu 5.000.000Frw. Uregwa ntiyishimiye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru atanga ubujurire bwa kabiri muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko akomeje gutakamba asaba n’imbabazi ngo mu bubasha umucamanza ahabwa n’amategeko amugabanyirize igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko atigeze agora ubutabera, maze ahanishwe igihano kiri munsi y’imyaka 15 nk’uko byakozwe mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, kuko byamufasha gusubira muri sosiyete akagira icyo yimarira, ndetse n’ihazabu rikagabanywa agahabwa iryo yazabasha kubona. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubwo bujurire bw’Uregwa buvuga ko ibyo asaba nta shingiro byahabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba anaburana acyemera, ko rero ibihano yahawe ari byo bito bishoboka itegeko ryagennye nta handi Urukiko rwahera ngo rujye musi yabyo. Buvuga kandi ko imanza asaba gushingiraho kugirango ahanishwe igihano kirimunsi y’icyo yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, zakuweho no kuba zaraciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rihinduwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) Hategekimana Jean Claude yahanishijwe ni cyo gihano gito kitagibwa munsi, gishobora

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guhabwa uwahamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00827/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonkuru Egide, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025. RPAA00538/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo J. Claude, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/01/2025. RPAA 00082/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Saidi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/04/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Hategekimana Jean Claude yafashwe n'abashinzwe umutekano afite ibiro bibiri (2kg) by'urumogi yari agiye kugurisha n' uwari wamubeshye ko ashaka kururangura, amaze gufatwa yemeye ko yafatanwe urumogi, ariko ko rutari urwe, ko atari azi ko ari rwo, kubera ko yaruhawe n’umuntu atazi ngo arushyire umugabo wari wamuhamagaye. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Hategekimana Jean Claude mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw'imiti ikoreshwa nka byo (gucuruza urumogi), busaba ko icyaha kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [3] Hategekimana Jean Claude yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urw’umunyonzi wari umutwaye ku igare abonye abapolisi amuha anvelope yari afite ngo ayimufashe ahita agenda, aba ari we ufatwa, ariko ko atari azi ikiri muri iyo envelope. [4] Mu rubanza RP00660/2021/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 30/07/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Hategekimana Jean Claude yakoze icyaha akurikiranyweho bikurikira: - kuba mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha no mu Rukiko yaremeye ko yafatanwe urumogi n’ubwo avuga ko rutari urwe, ariko yavuze aho yari arukuye n’aho yari arujyanye; - imvugo y’umutangabuhamya wari wigize umuguzi usobanura ko Hategekimana yari amaze igihe amusaba kumushakira abaguzi bazajya bakorana akabazanira urumogi; - inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi yashyizeho umukono.

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Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso rwemeje ko Hategekimana Jean Claude ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [5] Hategekimana Jean Claude yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, mu bujurire bwatangiwe ku gihe ntiyagaragaza impamvu ashingiraho ajurira, mu mwanzuro yatanze nyuma avuga ko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, ko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye agihakana kubera gushukwa. Yasabye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yamaze kugororoka, ndetse bikanasubikwa akajya hanze kwifasha kuko atabura akazi kubera ko yize imyuga, gusoma no kwandika. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yasabye ko ubujurire bwe butakirwa kuko atagaragaje impamvu ashingiraho ubujurire bwe mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko byo kujurira, ko umwanzuro yawutanze impitagihe, ariko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi, yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ndetse n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryasohotse nyuma y’aho urubanza rwo ku rwego rwa mbere ruciriwe. [7] Mu rubanza RPA01168/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 19/12/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ikirego cya Hategekimana Jean Claude kigomba kwakirwa kuko yajuriye ku gihe ugereranyije n’igihe yaboneye incarubanza. Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, kuba icyaha yakoze kitaragize ingaruka zikomeye, no kuba ingano y‘urumogi yafatanwe ari ntoya, rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku biteganywa n‘ingingo ya 2, agace ka a na d y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu 5.000.000Frw. [8] Hategekimana Jean Claude ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA01435/2024/CA, iburanisha mu ruhame rishyirwa ku wa 07/07/2025; umunsi ugeze, Hategekimana Jean Claude yitaba Urukiko yunganiwe na Me Nyiramatama Bernadette, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Hategekimana Jean Claude avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba ari bwo bwa mbere yari akoze icyaha ngo rumugabanyirize igihano ahanishwe igifungo kiri munsi y‘imyaka 15. [10] Me Nyiramatama Bernadette umwunganira we avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahaye Hategekimana Jean Claude igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cy‘igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw hashingiwe ku biteganywa n‘ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 igaragaza ibyo umucamanza ashingiraho mu gutanga igihano, ariko urukiko rusanze ku bw’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha no mu bushishozi bwarwo rwamugabanyiriza cyangwa rugakurikiza itegeko rishya haba habaye ubutabera. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Hategekimana Jean Claude asaba nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa ibihano bito bishoboka biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha no kuba aburana acyemera, ko rero nta handi Urukiko rwahera rwongera kumugabanyiriza igihano yahawe. [12] Mu rubanza harasuzumwa niba Hategekimana Jean Claude yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Hategekimana Jean Claude yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe [13] Hategekimana Jean Claude avuga yajuririye uru Rukiko kugira ngo akomeze gutakamba asaba n’imbabazi ngo mu bubasha umucamanza ahabwa n’amategeko amugabanyirize igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko atigeze agora ubutabera, maze ahanishwe igihano kiri munsi y’imyaka 15 nk’uko byakozwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nk’urubanza RPAA00082/2022/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Saidi rwaciwe ku wa 24/04/2023, kuko byamufasha gusubira muri sosiyete akagira icyo yimarira ndetse n’ihazabu rikagabanywa agahabwa iryo yazabasha kubona. [14] Me Nyiramatama Bernadette umwunganira we avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahaye Hategekimana Jean Claude igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw hashingiwe ku byo amategeko ateganya, ko asanga igihano yahawe kitagibwa munsi, kuko imirongo yatanze igihano kiri munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 nayo itashingirwaho kubera ko yatanzwe mbere y’uko itegeko rikurikizwa ubu risohoka, ko ahubwo hakoreshwa ubushishozi ku byerekeye ihazabu. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Hategekimana Jean Claude asaba nta shingiro byahabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba anaburana acyemera, hanashingirwa no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko rero ibihano yahawe ari byo bito bishoboka itegeko ryagennye nta handi Urukiko rwahera ngo rujye musi yabyo, kuko n’imanza ashingirago asaba ko yagabanyirizwa kugeza musi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko zaciwe mbere y’uko iri tegeko risohoka mu igazeti ya Leta, hakaba hari n’imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibijurire zitanga umurongo ko ku gihano cya burundu, uregwa adashobora kugabanyirizwa ngo igihano kijye musi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, nko mu rubanza RPAA00538/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo J. Claude. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka zigaragaza ko impande zombi zemeranywa ko imanza zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange zitashingirwaho ku byerekeye igabanya gihano; ariko ku bwa Hategekimana Jean Claude agakomeza gusaba ko mu bubasha bw’urukiko yakongera kugabangirizwa igihano kikajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 ndetse n’ihazabu ikagabanywa. [17] Ingingo ya 11 igika cya 3 (1°) y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. [18] Ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano mu buryo bukurikira: (a),“igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15); (...), (d), igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

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[19] Mu manza zitandukanye, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, rwemejwe ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Imanza ziheruka gushingira kuri uwo murongo zirimo nk’urubanza RPAA00827/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonkuru Egide. [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 10 n’icya 11 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rutahaye ishingiro bujurire bwa Hategekimana Jean Claude bugamije kwemera icyaha no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, rwasanze kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateye no kuba yarafatanwe ingano ntoya y’urumogi, ari impamvu ituma igihano cy’ imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kigabanywa. Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000). [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Hategekimana Jean Claude yaragabanyirijwe igihano nk’uko amategeko abiteganya, igihano yahawe kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa kuko, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 19 cy’uru rubanza, ari cyo gihano gito kitagibwa munsi gishobora guhabwa uwahamwe n’icyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [22] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, uru Rukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Hategekimana Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite, bityo urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hategekimana Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite. [24] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA01168/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 19/12/2024 rudahindutse. [25] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kidahindutse. [26] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku isanduku ya Leta, kubera ko Hategekimana Jean Claude afunze akaba asonewe kuyatanga.