HAVUGIMANA vs. SONARWA GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd

# HAVUGIMANA vs. SONARWA GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-09-22 - Case/document no.: RSOCA 00035/2022/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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HAVUGIMANA vs. SONARWA GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RSOCA 00035/2022/HC/KIG – (Hitimana, J. P.) 22 Nzeri 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Ikosa rikomeye – Igikorwa kinyuranyije n’amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza kiba ikosa rikomeye iyo kiri muri bimwe mu biteganyijwe n’itegeko, cyangwa icyo gikorwa umukoresha yarakigize ikosa rikomeye akabimenyesha abakozi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Havugimana wari umukozi wa Sonarwa General Insurance Company Ltd, yareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, ko yamwirukanye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ishingiye ko yatangaga ubwishingizi ku ideni maze ibyita ikosa rikomeye, irimwirukanira mu mwaka wa 2019, nyamara yararikoze mu mwaka wa 2017, agasaba ko yarenganurwa, agahabwa ibyo amategeko amuteganyiriza. Uregwa avuga ko Urega yarenze ku mabwiriza ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda acuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni, kandi yari yarayamenyeshejwe, akaba yari yarasabwe kuyirinda kimwe n’abandi bakozi bose ariko aranga abirengaho. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda igihombo cyaterwa n’ayo makossa no kwirinda ibihano bya Banki Nkuru, yasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo bari bafitanye maze imugenera ibyo amategeko amwemerera. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cy’Urega nta shingiro gifite, rumutegeka guha Uregwa indishyi zitandukanye. Urega yajuririye iki cyemezo muri uru Rukiko Rukuru asaba ko rusuzuma niba yarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, indishyi zijyanye n’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo n’indishyi zijyanye n’ibyatanzwe mu rubanza. Asobanura ko abaye yarakoze iryo kosa rivugwako rikomeye, hari kubahirizwa imihango ya ngombwa irimo guhuza igihe ikosa ryamenyekaniye n'amasaha 48 yo gusesa amasezerano bikamumenyeshwa hamwe n’umugenzuzi w’umurimo, kuba bitarakozwe bigaragaza ko yarenganyijwe, akaba agomba kubihererwa indishyi. Uregwa asoabura ko ibivugwa n’Urega nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ko amasezerano y’akazi ye yasheshwe kubera amakosa ye yo gucuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni ndetse nawe akaba yemera ko yakoze ayo makosa, akaba yaratangiye kuyakora muri 2017 ndetse akomeza kuyakora n’ubwo yari yarihanangirijwe kugeza asezererwa mu mwaka wa 2019, bityo rero ntakwiye kwitwaza amakosa ye ngo ashake kugira ibyo abona bidakwiye. Asaba ko uru Rukiko Rukuru rwazabona ko ibyo Urega yakoze ari ikosa rikomeye ndetse n’uburemere bwo kurisubiramo inshuro nyinshi kandi yarihanangirijwe, maze rukemeza ko indishyi asaba nta shingiro zifite kuko ikosa yakoze ari ikosa rikomeye kandi ko gusesa amasezerano nta nteguza byakozwe bikurikije amategeko ndetse akaba yarahawe ibyo yemererwa n’amategeko byose, ko ubujurire bw’Urega nta shingiro bufite bityo, ko butakiriwe.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Igikorwa kinyuranyije n’amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza kiba ikosa rikomeye iyo kiri muri bimwe mu biteganyijwe n’itegeko, cyangwa icyo gikorwa umukoresha yarakigize ikosa rikomeye akabimenyesha abakozi. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 30. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 110 n’iya 111. Iteka rya Minisitiri No 002/19.20 ryo ku wa 17/03/2020 rishyiraho urutonde rw’amakosa akomeye, ingingo ya 2. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge Havugimana Jerome arega Sonarwa Genaral Insurance Company Ltd asobanura ko yatangiye akazi kuwa 2/8/2002 aho yakoze imirimo itandukanye, akaba yarafitanye amasezerano y'akazi y'igihe kitazwi, kuwa 12/3/2019 yirukanywe kubera gucuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni kubantu batandukanye ngo kandi bitemeye. Avuga ko kuwa 21/5/2019 yandikiye ubuyobozi abugaragariza ko ikibazo bavuga cy'ikosa rikomeye yakoze (Gross misconduct) mu ibaruwa isesa amasezerano ataribyo kandi ko bavugako iryo kosa yarikoze mu mwaka wa 2017 bakaza kumwirukana 12/3/2019 abagaragarizako ko ako ari akarengane kuko kuba harashize igihe kirenga imyaka 2, abagaragariza ko icyo bita ikosa rikomeye ataribyo nyamara ntibyagira icyo bitanga atangira kwiyambaza izindi nzego akaba asaba kaurenganurwa agahabwa ibyo amategeko amuteganyiriza. [2] Sonarwa Genaral Insurance Company Ltd mu kwiregura isobanura ko Havugimana Jerome yakoraga ku mirimo itandukanye no mu bihe bitandukanye nk’uko yanabiherewe icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze. Mu nshingano ze harimo no gucuruza ubwishingizi bwa Sonarwa Genaral Insurance Company Ltd, ariko yanyuranyije n’amabwiriza ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda acuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni, kandi yari asanzwe yaramenyeshejwe ayo mabwiriza yaranasabwe kuyirinda kimwe n’abandi bakozi bose, ariko we akomeza kubikora nk’uko n’abagenzuzi babibonye mu igenzura ryakozwe, ibyo bikaba byari guteza Sonarwa Genaral Insurance Company Ltd igihombo no gucibwa ibihano na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, ishingiye kuri ayo makosa yasheshe amasezerano y’akazi yari ifitanye na Havugimana Jerome, agenerwa ibyo yemererwa n’amategeko byose nta kwiye kwitwaza amakosa ye yo gucuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni bitemewe ngo ashake

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kubyungukiramo byaba binyuranye n’ihame “Nemo auditur propriam turpitudinem allegans” cyangwa se “Nul ne peut se prévaloir de sa propre turpitude”. [3] Kuwa 27/01/2022 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Havugimana Jerome nta shingiro gifite; rutegeka Havugimana Jerome guha Sonarwa Genaral Insurance Company Ltd amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000frw) akubiyemo gihembo cy’avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza; rutegeka ko ingwate y’igarama yatanzwena Havugimana Jerome arega iheze mu isanduku ya Leta kukoihwanye n’ibyakozwe kuri uru rubanza. [4] Havugimana Jerome ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba gusuzuma niba Havugigana yarirukanywe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko; Gusuzuma indishyi zo gusesa amasezerano ye y'umurimo muburyo budakurikije amategeko; Gusuzuma ibijyanye n’Amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cy’Avoka; Gubizwa amafranga y'ingwate y'amagarama. [5] SONARWA mu kwiregura yatanze ikirego kiregera kwiregura isaba gusuzuma indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza, igihembo cy’avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. Ibibazo bizasuzumwa:  Gusuzuma niba Havugigana yarirukanywe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko;  Gusuzuma indishyi zo gusesa amasezerano ye y'umurimo muburyo budakurikije amategeko;  Gusuzuma Amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cy'Avoka;  Gubizwa amafranga y'ingwate y’amagarama;  Gusuzuma indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza, igihembo cy’avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Gusuzuma niba Havugigana yarirukanywe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko [6] Uhagarariye Havugimana avuga ko Urukiko mu gika cya 7 cy'urubanza rujuririrwa, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Havugimana Jerome nta shingiro gifite ngo kuko muri 2017 yemeye ko yacuruje ubwishingizi kw'ideni, nubwo yasezerewe kuwa 12/03/2019, bituma ikirego cye kidahabwa ishingiro, anacibwa n'indishyi. Asanga yararenganye kuko ikosa rikomeye ritagenwa n’ibisobanuro (definition), mu gihe hari Iteka rya Minisitiri w’umurimo rigena urutonde rw’amakosa akomeye inkiko zireberamo koko niba umukozi ikosa ashinjwa rikomeye, akabona kureba niba n'imihango yarubahirijwe. [7] Uhagarariye Havugimana avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa impande zombi zemeranya ko icyo bise ikosa cyamenyekanye muri 2017, n’ubwo bwose Havugimana Jerome atagaragarijwe amabwiriza amubuza gucuruza ku nguzanyo, aho abimenyeye gusaba imbabazi nk’ikimenyetso

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cyo gucira bugufi umukoresha, ntibyakamuhamije n'ikosa risanzwe, ari nayo mpamvu yanahawe igihe cyo kwishyuza akanaguma mu kazi, ntabwo urukiko mu gika cya 7 rwari kuvuga ko hari ingaruka byateye, zitagaragajwe ngo zinatangirwe ibimenyetso. Niyo ikosa ryajyaga kubaho hari kubahirizwa imihango ya ngombwa irimo guhuza igihe ikosa ryamenyekaniye n'amasaha 48 yo gusesa amasezerano bikamenyeshwa umukozi, n'umugenzuzi w'umurimo, ikitubahirijwe muri ibyo kigaragaza akarengane gatuma umukozi abihererwa indishyi nk’uko amategeko abiteganya. [8] Uhagarariye Havugimana avuga ko mu bujurire urukiko ruzarebe niba gucuruza ubwishingizi kw'ideni, hagakorwa n'ubwumvikane hagati y'umukoresha n'umukozi, haraho iteka rya Minister w'umurimo ryabiteganije k'urutonde rw'amakosa akomeye, niba ntabyo rwemeze ko yirukanwe binyuranije n'amategeko. Na none mu bujurire urukiko ruzasuzume inenge zibyirengagijwe mu mihango yo gusesa amasezerano y'umurimo, aho mu kuyasesa ku mpamvu yumvikana hatangwa integuza, ku ikosa rikomeye hakagaragazwa ko mu masaha 48 ikosa rimenyekanye umukozi yamenyeshejwe ko asezerewe ndetse n'umugenzuzi w'umurimo akabimenyeshwa, niba bitarakozwe nibyo bihesha ishingiro ikirego cy'umukozi, agahabwa indishyi zo gusesa amasezerano ye y'umurimo mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [9] Uhagarariye Havugimana avuga ko mu by’ukuri habayeho kugenekereza kandi amategeko yarateganije impamvu, n'uburyo amasezerano y'umurimo aseswa, n'ibimenyetso bishingirwaho, bakaba bizeye urukiko mu bujurire, ko mu bushishozi bwarwo ruzabisuzuma, rugatanga ubutabera, rukabona ko ikirego cya Havugimana Jerome gifite ishingiro. [10] Uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko nk’uko Sonarwa yabiragaragarije Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo mu rubanza rwajuririwe gucuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni ni ikosa rikomeye ndetse rikaba ribujijwe mu mabwiriza ya Bank Nkuru y’Igihugu rikaba ryaranateganyirijwe ibihano mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi. Iri kosa ryo gucuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni Havugimana Jerome yarikoze inshuro zirenze imwe ndetse nawe akabyiyemerera yagiye yihanangirizwa ariko we yanga kurireka akomeza kurikora. Asaba ko ibivugwa na Havugimana Jerome nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ko amasezerano y’akazi ye yasheshwe kubera amakosa ye yo gucuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni ndetse nawe akaba yemera ko yakoze ayo makosa, ayo makosa akaba yaratangiye kuyakora muri 2017 ndetse akomeza kuyakora n’ubwo yari yarihanangirijwe kugeza asezererwa mu kwezi kwa 3/2019, bityo rero ntakwiye kwitwaza amakosa ye ngo ashake kugira ibyo abona bidakwiye, kuko SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd yamugeneye ibyo yemererwa n’amategeko byose. [11] Uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko mu gika cya 7 Urukiko rwagaragaje ko ikosa ryose ribujijwe mu mategeko cyangwa mu mabwiriza rifatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye, Urukiko rwagaragaje ko gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni bibujijwe kandi bihanwa nk’uko biteganywa Amabwiriza ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda No 03/2017 yo ku wa 20/02/2017 yerekeye ibihano byo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi n’amafaranga bifatirwa abishingizi ndetse Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe na Sonarwa rwasanze yarakomeje kurisubiramo nyuma yo kwandikirwa aribuzwa kandi rishobora gushyira umukoresha mu gihombo. Nk’uko yakomeje kubigarukaho Havugimana Jerome yakoze ikosa rikomeye ryo gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni arikora mu bihe bitandukanye, yagiye yandikirwa n’umukoresha we amwihanangiriza kutazasubira gukora iryo kosa akabirengaho agakomeza kurikora, aha nawe ubwe yagiye yandika yemera ko yakoze iryo kosa ndetse akanasaba

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imbabazi, ibimenyetso byose Sonarwa ikaba yarabigaragaje ndetse akaba ari nabyo byashingiweho mu gihe Urukiko rwafataga icyemezo, Sonarwa kandi yongeye kubishyira mu System. [12] Uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko Hashingiwe ku busobanuro Urukiko rwatanze mu gika cya 6 n’icya 7, ku bimenyetso byashingiweho byongeye kugaragazwa muri System hamwe n’ubusobanuro bwagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rwajuririwe ruzabone ko ikosa Havugimana Jerome yakose ari ikosa rikomeye ndetse n’uburemere bwo kurisubiramo inshuro nyinshi kandi yarihanangirijwe maze ruzemeze ko indishyi Havugimana Jerome asaba nta shingiro zifite kuko ikosa yakoze ari ikosa rikomeye kandi ko gusesa amasezerano nta nteguza byakozwe na Sonarwa bikurikije amategeko ndetse akaba yarahawe ibyo yemererwa n’amategeko byose, ko ubujurire bwa Havugimana Jerome ntashingiro bufite bityo ko butakiriwe. [13] Mu iburanisha, uhagarariye SONARWA yasobanuye ko gukopa ubwishingizi ari ikosa rikomeye riteganywa n’iteka rya Minisitiri w’Umurimo, kubera ko gukora igikorwa kibujijwe n’amategeko bifatwa nk’uburiganya. Naho ku kubahiriza amasaha 48, uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko aya masaha yubahirijwe ariko akaba agomba kubarwa uhereye igihe ikibazo cyagereye ku Muyobozi wa SONARWA (CEO) kubera ko ariwe ufata icyemezo, kandi ibihe yarabyubahirije. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Urukiko rurasanga icyo Havugimana Jerome atemeranywaho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwajuririwe, ni uko rwemeje ko gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni ari ikosa rikemeye, akaba avuga ko bitagombaga gufatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye, kubera ko ibikorwa nk’ibyo bitari ku rutonde rw’amakosa akomeye ashyirwaho n’iteka rya Minisitiri w’umurimo rishyiraho urutonde rw’amakosa akomeye. SONARWA yo ivuga ko iri kosa riri kuri urwo rutonde, kubera ko Havugimana Jerome yakoraga ibyo bikorwa byo gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni azi neza ko bibujijwe n’amabwiriza ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, gukora igikorwa kibujijwe n’amategeko bikaba bifatwa nk’uburiganya, kubera ko Havugimana Jerome yerekanaga ko yacuruje nyamara atacuruje kuko yabaga yatanze ubwishingizi ku ideni kandi bibujijwe. [15] Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo Urukiko Rwisumbuye, mu gika cya 7, rwavuze ko gukora ikosa ribujijwe mu itegeko cyangwa mu mabwiriza bifatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye”, nk’uko Havugimana Jerome abivuga, ntabwo umucamanza agaragaza icyo ashingiraho yemeza ko gukora ibibujwe mu itegeko cyangwa mu mabwiriza buri gihe bifatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye, kubera ko ingingo ya 2, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri No 002/19.20 ryo ku wa 17/03/2020 rishyiraho urutonde rw’amakosa akomeye, ntaho ivuga ko gukora ibibujijwe n’amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza bifatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye. Ahubwo mu bikorwa bibujijwe n’amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza, iri teka ryatoranyijemo bimwe ribigira ikosa rikomeye, ingero ni kwiba, uburiganya, kunywera ibiyobyabwenge ku kazi, kunyereza umutungo, gukora inyandiko mpimbano n’ibindi. Ibikorwa iyi ngingo irondora, ni ibikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko cyangwa ababwiriza, nyamara ntaho ivuga muri rusange ko igikorwa kinyuranyije n’amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza ari ikosa rikomeye. Niyo mpamvu byumvikana ko igikorwa kinyuranyije n’amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza kiba ikosa rikomeye ari uko ari kimwe muri ibi bivugwa n’iyi ngingo, cyangwa icyo gikorwa umukoresha yarakigize ikosa rikomeye akabimenyesha abakozi.

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[16] Urukiko rurasanga ahubwo nk’uko uhagarariye SONARWA abivuga, harebwa niba kuba Havugimana Jerome yarakoze igikorwa kinyuranyije n’amabwiriza ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, abuza gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni, byafatwa nk’uburiganya (fraud). [17] Urukiko rurasanga uburiganya (fraud) busobanurwa, mu manza mbonezamubano, ko ari ukuvuga ibinyuranyije n’ukuri, ku bushake cyangwa kubera uburangare (In civil litigation, allegations of fraud might be based on a misrepresentation of fact that was either intentional or negligent)1. N’ubwo Havugimana Jerome yatanzwe ubwishingizi ku ideni, ntabwo byafatwa nk’aho ari uburiganya, kuko yarabikoraga kandi bikagaragara ko yatanze ubwo bwishingizi ku ideni, kuko SONARWA itagaragaza ko hari inzira yabaga yakoresheje ngo bitamenyekana. Iki kandi SONARWA nayo yemera ko yagiye ibimenya, ko atanga ubwishingizi ku ideni, ikamwihanangiriza. Nyamara nk’uko n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwari rwabisobanuye, ikosa rikomeye rituma umukoresha aba atagishoboye kwihanganira umukozi (ikosa rikomeye: ikosa rikozwe n’umukozi, hashingiwe ku buremere by’icyakozwe, ikitakozwe, imyitwarire, uburyo ryakozwemo cyangwa ingaruka ryateje ku buryo umukoresha aba atagishoboye gukomeza kumukoresha: igika cya 7 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. Gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni SONARWA ntiyabibonagamo ikosa rikomeye, kuko yagiye imenya incuro nyinshi ko Havugimana Jerome atanga ubwishingizi ku ideni, ikamwihanganira, ikamubuza kongera kubikora. Icyabaye ikosa rikomeye, ni uko yakomeje kubikora, nyamara ntabwo uburiganya buba mu gusubiramo igikorwa runaka, ahubwo buba mu gikorwa ubwacyo n’ubwo cyaba kibaye incuro imwe. [18] Urukiko rurasanga kuba gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni bitafatwa nk’uburiganya, bituma ritafatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe, igikorwa nk’icyo nta handi kigaragara mu rutonde rw’amakosa akomeye ashyirwa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’umurimo rishyiraho urwo rutonde ryavuzwe hejuru. [19] Urukiko rurasanga kuba SONARWA yaragiye yihanganira Havugimana Jerome ku gikorwa cyo gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni, iyo iza kubona ko aho bigeze itagishoboye kumwihanganira, yagombaga gusesa amasezerano ku bw’iyo mpamvu yumvikana, ikamuha integuza. Ariko kuba igikorwa kitagize ikosa rikomeye cyari kibaye inshuro nyinshi ntabwo byagombaga kugihinduramo ikosa rikomeye ngo yirukanywe nta nteguza. [20] Urukiko rurasanga atari ngombwa gusuzuma niba amasaha 48 yarubahirijwe, kuko ibyo byari gusuzumwa mu gihe Urukiko rusanze ibikorwa Havugimana Jerome yakoze bigize ikosa zikomeye. 2. Gusuzuma indishyi zo gusesa amasezerano ye y'umurimo mu buryo budakurikije amategeko [21] Uhagarariye Havugimana avuga ko iri suzuma mu rubanza rujuririrwa ryaburijwemo n’uko urukiko rwanzuye ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gihawe. Mubujurire urukiko rugihaye ishingiro, nk'umukozi warufite uburambe bw'imyaka 16 mukazi, rwakwemeza ko ahabwa indishyi zo gusezererwa binyuranije n'amategeko zingana na 1,354,119 frw *9= 12, 187, 071 Frw, akana habwa integuza yajyaga guhabwa: 1,354,119 frw. Mu iburanisha, Havugimana yasobanuye ko umushahara yatahanaga (net salary) ari amafaranga 996.878. 1 https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/fraud.

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[22] Uhagarariye Sonarwa avuga ko ibyo Havugimana Jerome avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwirengagije iyi ngingo ntirwayisuzuma, akaba arimo akomeza kujijisha ubutabera yirengagiza nkana ibintu bigaragara kuko iyi ngingo yarasuzumwe ndetse ku buryo buhagije nk’uko bigaragarira mu gika cya 6 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, aha agaragaza ibyo rwavuze kuri iyi ngingo ‘‘Urukiko rurasanga SONARWA General Insurance company Ltd na Havugimana Jerome baratangiye gukora kuwa 02/8/2002 amasezerano aseswa kuwa 12/3/2019, muri iyo nyandiko isesa amasezerano harimo ko amakosa yo gucuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni bibujijwe byatangiye 2017 bikomeza 2018 ndetse bigera mu kwezi kwa 1 n’ukwa 2/2019, bigaragara ko iri kosa ryagiye ryisubirwamo bitandukanye n’ibyo Havugimana Jerome avuga ko ikosa yirukaniwe ryakozwe 2017 ko kandi iyo riza kuba ikosa rikomeye yari guhita yirukanwa, icyumvikana aruko nawe yemera koyakoze ikosa ryo gucuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni binashimangirwa n’inyandiko yagiye yandika abyemera yemera no kwishyuza nk’iyo kuwa 06/9/2018. [23] Uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko mu gika cya 7 Urukiko rwagaragaje ko ikosa ryose ribujijwe mu mategeko cyangwa mu mabwiriza rifatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye, Urukiko rwagaragaje ko gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni bibujijwe kandi bihanwa nk’uko biteganywa amabwiriza ya banki nkuru y'u Rwanda no 03/2017 yo ku wa 20/02/2017 yerekeye ibihano byo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi n’amafaranga bifatirwa abishingizi ndetse Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe na Sonarwa rwasanze yarakomeje kurisubiramo nyuma yo kwandikirwa aribuzwa kandi rishobora gushyira umukoresha mu gihombo. Nk’uko yakomeje kubigarukaho Havugimana Jerome yakoze ikosa rikomeye ryo gutanga ubwishingizi ku ideni arikora mu bihe bitandukanye, yagiye yandikirwa n’umukoresha we amwihanangiriza kutazasubira gukora iryo kosa akabirengaho agakomeza kurikora, aha nawe ubwe yagiye yandika yemera ko yakoze iryo kosa ndetse akanasaba imbabazi, ibimenyetso byose Sonarwa ikaba yarabigaragaje ndetse akaba ari nabyo byashingiweho mu gihe Urukiko rwafataga icyemezo, Sonarwa kandi yongeye kubishyira mu System. [24] Uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko Hashingiwe ku busobanuro Urukiko rwatanze mu gika cya 6 n’icya 7, ku bimenyetso byashingiweho byongeye kugaragazwa muri System hamwe n’ubusobanuro bwagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rwajuririwe ruzabone ko ikosa Havugimana Jerome yakose ari ikosa rikomeye ndetse n’uburemere bwo kurisubiramo inshuro nyinshi kandi yarihanangirijwe maze ruzemeze ko indishyi Havugimana Jerome asaba nta shingiro zifite kuko ikosa yakoze ari ikosa rikomeye kandi ko gusesa amasezerano nta nteguza byakozwe na Sonarwa bikurikije amategeko ndetse akaba yarahawe ibyo yemererwa n’amategeko byose, ko ubujurire bwa Havugimana Jerome ntashingiro bufite bityo ko butakiriwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Urukiko rurasanga Havugimana Jerome, nk’uko byasobanuwe, yirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kubera ko yirukanywe nk’uwakoze ikosa rikomeye, nta nteguza ahawe, nyamara nta kosa rikomeye yakoze. [26] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 30 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda (2018) iteganya ko iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo rinyuranyije n’amategeko rituma hatangwa indishyi. Igika cya 2 cy’iyo ngingo giteganya ko indishyi zihabwa umukozi wirukanywe binyuranyije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), ariko kandi ntizishobora

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kurenza umushahara ahabwa w’amezi atandatu (6). Naho igika cya 3, ku mukozi urengeje imyaka 10 y’uburambe, kivuga ko indishyi ndishyi ntizishobora kurenga umushahara ahabwa w’amezi icyenda (9). [27] Urukiko rurasanga Havugimana Jerome, nk’uko uhagarariye SONARWA abyemera mu gika cya 22 cy’uru rubanza, yatangiye gukorera SONARWA mu mwaka wa 2002, asezererwa mu mwaka wa 2019, akaba afite uburambe burengeje imyaka 10, bityo indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko zishobora kugera ku mushahara we w’amezi 9. Ariko Urukiko rurasanga ibikorwa Havugimana Jerome yakoze, n’ubwo bitagize ikosa rikomeye kubera impamvu zasobanuwe, ariko bigize ikosa. Niyo mpamvu indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko yagenerwa, zitaba inyinshi ziteganywa n’itegeko (maximum), ni ukuvuga amezi 9, ahubwo yagenerwa indishyi zingana n’imishahara yahabwaga (net salaries) y’amezi 7, ni ukuvuga amafaranga 6.978.146 (996.878 Frw x 7). 3. Gusuzuma Amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cy’Avoka [28] Uhagarariye Havugimana avuga ko kubwo gushorwa mu manza asaba urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo gutegeka Sonarwa G.I kumwishyura amafaranga angana 6, 000, 000 Rwf akubiyemo ikurikirana rubanza n'igihembo cy' avoka. Ikurikuranarubanza ku nzego zose rya 3,000,000 frw, na 3,000,000 y'igihembo cya avocat ku nzego zose. [29] Uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza n'ay'igihembo cya Avoka asaba nta shingiro afite. [30] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga 3.000.000 y’igihembo cya Avoka ku nzego zose, n’amafaranga 3.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza ku nzego zose, Havugimana Jerome asaba, ntiyayahabwa yose kubera ko ari menshi, akaba agenewe amafaranga 1.000.000 y’igihembo cya Avoka, n’amafararanga 200.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza. 4. Gusubizwa amafranga y'ingwate y'amagarama [31] Uhagarariye Havugimana avuga ko asaba gusubizwa amafranga y'amagarama ibihumbi mirongo itandatu (60,000 Rwf) amaze gutanga mu nkiko zombi. [32] Uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko amafaranga y'ingwate y'amagarama Havugimana Jerome asaba nta shingiro afite. [33] Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cya Havugimana Jerome gifite ishingiro, bityo SONARWA igomba kumusubiza amafaranga 20.000 yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama ku rwego rwabanjirije uru, n’amafaranga 40.000 yatanzeho ingwate kuri uru rwego. 5. Gusuzuma indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza, igihembo cy’avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza [34] Uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko Havugimana Jerome atangira gukora amakosa yo gucuruza ubwishingizi ku ideni yarihanagirijwe abwirwa ko amakosa yakoze ari amakosa ahanirwa kandi abujijwe mu mabwiriza ya Bank Nkuru y’Igihugu, yanze kubireka kuko we yakomeje

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kuyakora bimuviramo gusezererwa mu kazi nta nteguza kuko iryo kosa yakoze ari ikosa rikomeye. Yarenze ku makosa yakoze azineza ko abujijwe maze yishora mu manza anazishoramo SONARWA, atsinze yanze kunyurwa none akomeje kuruhanya ashore SONARWA mu manza z’amaherere. SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd ishingiye ku ngingo ya 110 n’iya 111 CPCCSA isaba ko Havugimana Jerome yacibwa amafaranga y’indishyi zo gukomeza gushorwa mu manza z’amaherere angana na 1,000,000frw, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 200.000Frw n’igihembo cy’avoka kingana na 500.000Frw kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire kubera kuyishora mu manza ku maherere bigatuma ikurikirana urubanza igashaka n’abayiburanira. [35] Uhagarariye Havugimana avuga ko iki kirego cyanzwe na Sonarwa nta shingiro gifite kuko Havugimana yaje mu Rukiko kubera amakosa ya Sonarwa. [36] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga 1,000,000frw y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza z’amaherere, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 200.000 Frw n’igihembo cy’avoka kingana na 500.000 Frw, uhagarariye SONARWA asaba, ntayo yahabwa kubera ko ikirego cya Havugimana Jerome gifite ishingiro. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [37] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Havugimana Jerome bufite ishingiro. [38] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa SONARWA GI nta shingiro bufite. [39] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse kuri byose. [40] Rutegetse SONARWA GI guha Havugimana Jerome amafaranga 6.978.146 y’indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, amafaranga 1.000.000 y’igihembo cya Avoka, amafaranga 200.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza, ikamusubiza n’amafaranga 60.000 yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama. [41] Rutegetse ko amafaranga yatanzweho ingwate y’amagarama ahera mu Isanduku ya Leta nk’amagarama y’uru rubanza.