HICOMMANDS PVT LTD v. RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (REB)

HICOMMANDS PVT LTD v. RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (REB)

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2020-12-24 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 00038/2020/HCC - Collection: Commercial High Court

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HICOMMANDS PVT LTD v. RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (REB) [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOMA 00038/2020/HCC (Mutajiri, P.J.,) ku wa 24 Ukuboza 2020] Amategeko agenga Ubukemurampaka – ububasha bw’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi – Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nirwo rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma ugomba gusuzuma ubwihane bw’umukemurampaka hagati ya KIAC n’inteko y’Abakemurampaka kuko iki kibazo kigomba gufatwa nk’ikibazo cyihutirwa kandi cy’agateganyo, kandi akaba ari rwo rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma imyanzuro cyangwa ibibazo byafashwe hakoreshejwe ubukemurampaka. Amategeko agenga Ubukemurampaka – kwihana umukempurampaka – Kuba hari ikirego cy’ubwihane cyaregewe Inteko y’abakemurampaka, niyo igomba kugifatira umwanzuro kuko ariyo yaregewe. Amategeko agenga Ubukemurampaka – Ubusumbane bw’amategeko ni uburyo atondetse hagamijwe ko agira umujyo umwe kandi ko bushingiye ku ihame ry’uko itegeko ryo hasi ritavuguruza iririsumba ahubwo ko ririshyira mu bikorwa – Iyo habaye uko kudahuza hagati y’amategeko, itegeko risumba irindi ni ryo rikurikizwa – Kuba rero Iteka rya Minisiri n’Amabwiriza ya KIAC bivuguruza ibiteganywa n’itegeko ku birebana n’ugomba gusuzuma ubwihane bw’umukemurampaka, ibiteganywa n’Itegeko nibyo bikwiye gukurikizwa kuko risumba Iteka rya Ministiri n’ayo Mabwiriza. Itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 itegeko ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mubibazo by’ubucyuruzi,

ingingo ya 11 niya15, Iteka No 16/012 ryo kuwa 15/05/2012 Iteka rya Minisitiri rishyiraho amabwiriza y’ubukemurampaka y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukemurampaka cya Kigali, ingingo ya 7 Incamake y’ikibazo: Ikigo cya Leta RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (REB) cyatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko hari urubanza mu bukemurampaka aho sosiyete HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd yareze KIAC Arbitation yihana Perezida w’Inteko y’Abakemurampaka. Perezida w’Inteko y’Abakemurampaka yandikira KIAC avuga ko atemera kuva mu rubanza, kandi ko abona KIAC ariyo ifite ububasha bwo gusuzuma icyo kirego cya REB nk’uko nundi mukemurampaka wo k’uruhande rw’uwo baburana nawe abivuga. REB yanayandikiye igaragaza ko ibirigukorwa n’Ubukemurampaka binyuranyije n’amategeko kuko KIAC itigeze iregerwa, ko nta cyemezo cyeruye inteko y’abakemurampaka bigeze bafata no kuba mu gihe KIAC yaba ariyo igiye gusuzuma icyo kirego hakwiriye kubaho uburyo bukurikije amategeko ikirego kigomba gutangwamo. Urukiko rwaremeje ko ikirego cya REB gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko Inteko y’ Ubukemurampaka ifite ububasha bwo gukemura ikibazo icyo aricyo cyose cy’amategeko kivutse mu bukemurampaka harimo n’icy’ubwihane bwa Perezida w’Inteko y’Ubukemurampaka REB yayishyikirije.

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Rutegeka kandi ko Inteko y’ubukemurampaka ifata umwanzuro wanditse kuri ubwo bwihane, ndetse ko n’ iburanisha mu mizi y’urubanza KIAC Arbitation No 2019-2020/121 rihagaritswe kugeza igihe inteko y’Ubukemurampaka ifatiye umwanzuro ku bwihane yashyikirijwe. HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd yatambamiye urubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC ivuga ko hasuzumwa niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rufite ububasha bwo guhagarika iburanisha ry’urubanza KIAC Arbitration No 2019-2020/121 no gutegeka urukiko rw’ubukemurampaka gufata icyemezo cy’ubwihane. REB yiregura ivuga ko ibyo HICOMMANDS yasabye urukiko kureba niba rwari rufite ububasha bwo gutegeka niba iburanisha rihagaragara, ko nyuma y’uko icyemezo cy’urukiko gitambamirwa inteko y’ubukemurampaka rwabishyize mu bikorwa, ivuga ko ariko inteko iterana ituzuye, ariko nyuma yaho inteko yaje guterana yuzuye ndetse inafata icyemezo, bityo ivuga ko icyo yasabaga yamaze kubihabwa, bivuga ko ikirego nta mpamvu yo kubaho. Muri uru rubanza hakaba hagomba gusuzumwa niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rudafite ububasha bwo guhagarika iburanisha ry’urubanza ry’ubukempurampaka no gusuzuma niba urukiko rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rudafite ububasha bwo gutegeka urukiko rw’ubukemurampaka gufata icyemezo cy’ubwihane. Me Rugaza na bagenzi be basobanura ko ababuranyi bombi, HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd na REB mu rubanza KIAC Arbitration no 2019-2020/121 bumvikanye uburyo buzakoresha mu

kwihana umukemurampaka, bityo bose bumvikana ko mugihe haramuka hagize ikibazo kijyanye no kwihana, ko bazajya bakoresha KIAC rules ya 2012, bavuga ndetse ibi banabishimangira kandi muri terms of reference impande zombi zongeye gushyiraho umukono kugirango ikibazo cyose gishobora kuvuka kizasange cyarateganyirijwe uburyo kizakemurwa, bityo bemeza ko mu gukemura ikibazo hazifashishwa KIAC rules, bityo ko ibi bishimangira neza ko HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd na RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (REB) bumvikanye uburyo bwo kwihana umukemurampaka. Bavuga kandi ko Ikigo gishobora gutegeka ko ubukemurampaka buhagarikwa kugeza igihe ikibazo cyo kwanga umukemurampaka gikemukiye. Bityo, bavuga ko basanga urukiko rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rudafite ububasha bwo gufata icyemezo cyo gutegeka ubukemurampaka guhagarika imirimo yabwo kugirango busuzume ikibazo kijyanye n’ubwihane, bityo ko icyemezo cyo kwihana umukemurampaka kiri mu nshingano za KIAC aho kuba mu nshingano z’urukiko rw’ubukemurampaka, bavuga kandi ko kuvuga ko ikirego cyabo ari sans objet kubera ko ibintu byasubiye uko byari biri, ko ahubwo igikenewe arukumenya niba KIAC ariyo ifite ububasha bwo gufata icyemezo ku bw’ihane bwa Perezida cyangwa niba ari Inteko Nkemurampaka igomba gufata icyo cyemezo. Me Kabibi na Me Habumuremyi basobanura ko REB yabisobanuriye Urukiko ko ibyo HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd isaba itabihabwa kubera ko urubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC rwarangijwe, bityo ko REB isaba Urukiko kwemeza ko iki kibazo HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd irusaba gusuzuma nta mpamvu yo kugisuzuma kuko Ubukemurampaka bwakoze ibyo bwategetswe na HCC.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nirwo rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma ugomba gusuzuma ubwihane bw’umukemurampaka hagati ya KIAC n’inteko y’Abakemurampaka kuko iki kibazo kigomba gufatwa nk’ikibazo cyihutirwa kandi cy’agateganyo, kandi akaba ari rwo rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma imyanzuro cyangwa ibibazo byafashwe hakoreshejwe ubukemurampaka.

2. Ubusumbane bw’amategeko ni uburyo atondetse hagamijwe ko agira umujyo umwe kandi ko bushingiye ku ihame ry’uko itegeko ryo hasi ritavuguruza iririsumba ahubwo ko ririshyira mu bikorwa. Iyo habaye uko kudahuza hagati y’amategeko, itegeko risumba irindi ni ryo rikurikizwa. Kuba rero Iteka rya Minisiri n’Amabwiriza ya KIAC bivuguruza ibiteganywa n’itegeko ku birebana n’ugomba gusuzuma ubwihane bw’umukemurampaka, ibiteganywa n’Itegeko nibyo bikwiye gukurikizwa kuko risumba Iteka rya Ministiri n’ayo Mabwiriza.

3. Kuba ikirego cy’ubwihane cyaregewe Inteko y’abakemurampaka niyo igomba kugifatira umwanzuro ko utagomba gufatwa na KIAC kandi itararegewe kuko ariyo yaregewe.

4. Inteko y’ubukempurampaka ifite ububasha bwo gukemura ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cy’amategeko kivutse mu bukemurampaka (any question of law arising in the arbitration) 5. Iyo Inteko igizwe n’Abakemurampaka barenze umwe, buri cyemezo cy’ubukemurampaka gifatwa ku bwiganze bw’abagize Inteko, keretse byemejwe ukundi n’abiyambaje ubukemurampaka.

Ubusumbane bw’amategeko ni uburyo atondetse hagamijwe ko agira umujyo umwe kandi ko bushingiye ku ihame ry’uko itegeko ryo hasi ritavuguruza iririsumba ahubwo ko ririshyira mu bikorwa. Iyo habaye uko kudahuza hagati y’amategeko, itegeko risumba irindi ni ryo rikurikizwa. Kuba rero Iteka rya Minisiri n’Amabwiriza ya KIAC bivuguruza ibiteganywa n’itegeko ku birebana n’ugomba gusuzuma ubwihane bw’umukemurampaka, ibiteganywa n’Itegeko nibyo bikwiye gukurikizwa kuko risumba Iteka rya Ministiri n’ayo Mabwiriza. Ikirego nta shingiro gifite. Amagarama aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta Amategeko yashingiweho: Iteka No 16/012 ryo kuwa 15/05/2012 Iteka rya Minisitiri rishyiraho amabwiriza y’ubukemurampaka y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukemurampaka cya Kigali, ingingo ya 7

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Itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 itegeko ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mubibazo by’ubucyuruzi, ingingo ya 11 niya15 Nta manza zifashishijwe: Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] REB yatanze ikirego muri uru rukiko ivuga ko hari urubanza KIA no 2019-2020/121 yarezwe mu bukemurampaka na HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd, ivuga ko kuwa 01/09/2020 yatanze ikirego mu bukemurampaka yihana Perezida w’Inteko y’Abakemurampaka (presiding arbitrator) noneho uwo mukemurampaka yandikira KIAC avuga ko atemera kuva mu rubanza, kandi ko abona KIAC ariyo ifite ububasha bwo gusuzuma icyo kirego cya REB nk’uko nundi mukemurampaka wo k’uruhande rw’uwo baburana nawe yandikiye KIAC abivuga. [2] REB ikaba yarakomeje ivuga ko umukemurampaka wo k’uruhande rwa HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd mu butuwa bwe yongeyeho ko ibyo yanditse ngo yabyumvikanyeho n’Umukemurampaka wa gatatu wo k’uruhande rwa REB. KIAC ikaba yarahagaritse imigendekere y’urubanza mu gihe isuzuma ikirego cya REB, REB yanayandikiye igaragaza ko ibirigukorwa n’Ubukemurampaka binyuranyije n’amategeko kuko KIAC itigeze iregerwa, ko nta cyemezo cyeruye inteko y’abakemurampaka bigeze bafata no kuba mu gihe KIAC yaba ariyo igiye gusuzuma icyo kirego hakwiriye kubaho uburyo bukurikije amategeko ikirego kigomba gutangwamo. [3] Na none REB ikaba yaravugaga ko usibye izo nenge, kuwa 03/10/2020 KIA yatangaje icyemezo cyemeza ko kwihana Perezida w’Inteko y’Ubukemurampaka nta shingiro gifite. REB ikaba yaravuze ko mu buryo buteruye cyangwa butanditse, imyitwarire Ubukemurampaka bwagize igaragaza ko bwemeje ko budasuzumye

ikirego cya REB. Ibyo bikaba aribyo byatumye itanga ikirego isaba Urukiko gusuzuma niba hari icyemezo Ubukemurampaka bwafashe n’uburyo cyanba cyarafashemo, kandi hakemezwa ko ubukemurampaka buterana bukemeza ikirego cya REB. Isaba ko iburanisha ry’urubanza riteganyijwe kuwa 27, 28 na 29/10/2020 ryaba rihagaritswe igihe inteko y’Abakemurampaka itarasuzuma icyo kirego cy’ubwihane. [4] Urukiko mu guca urubanza rukaba rwaremeje ko ikirego cya REB gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko Inteko y’Ubukemurampaka (Arbitral Tribunal) ifite ububasha bwo gukemura ikibazo icyo aricyo cyose cy’amategeko kivutse mu bukemurampaka harimo n’icy’ubwihane bwa Perezida w’Inteko y’Ubukemurampaka REB yayishyikirije, rukaba rarategetse Inteko y’ubukemurampaka gukosora iyo nenge noneho igaterana ndetse igafata umwanzuro wanditse kuri ubwo bwihane ndetse runategeka ko iburanisha mu mizi y’urubanza KIAC Arbitation No 2019-2020/121 rihagaritswe kugeza igihe inteko y’Ubukemurampaka ifatiye umwanzuro ku bwihane yashyikirijwe. [5] HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd ikaba yaratambamiye urubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC ivuga ko hasuzumwa niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rufite ububasha bwo guhagarika

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iburanisha ry’urubanza KIAC Arbitration No 2019-2020/121 no gutegeka urukiko rw’ubukemurampaka gufata icyemezo cy’ubwihane. [6] REB ikaba ivuga ko ibyo HICOMMANDS yasabye urukiko rwo kureba niba rwari rufite ububasha bwo gutegeka niba iburanisha rihagaragara, ko nyuma y’uko icyemezo cy’urukiko gitambamirwa inteko y’ubukemurampaka rwabishyize mu bikorwa ariko baterana batuzuye, ko aribwo REB yagarutse aha habaho urundi rubanza RCOM00037/2020/HCC nabwo urukiko rutegeka inteko ko iterana yuzuye bagaterana ari batatu, ko nabyo inteko yabishyize mu bikorwa baterana buzuye ndetse bafata icyemezo, bityo icyo REB yasabaga yamaze kubihabwa, bivuga ko ikirego nta mpamvu yo kubaho (sans objet). [7] Muri uru rubanza hakaba hagomba gusuzumwa niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rudafite ububasha bwo guhagarika iburanisha ry’urubanza KiAC Arbitration No 2019-2020/121 no gusuzuma niba urukiko rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rudafite ububasha bwo gutegeka urukiko rw’ubukemurampaka gufata icyemezo cy’ubwihane. [8] Nyuma yo gusobanura ko ikibazo bari bafitanye cyakemutse ko ariko bakeneye umurongo ku kibazo nkicyo. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO A. Ku birebana no gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rufite ububasha bwo guhagarika iburanisha ry’urubanza KIAC Arbitration No 2019-2020/121 [9] Me Rugaza na bagenzi be basobanura ko ababuranyi bombi, HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd na RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD mu rubanza KIAC

Arbitration no 2019-2020/121 bumvikanye uburyo buzakoresha mu kwihana umukemurampaka, bityo bose bumvikana ko mugihe haramuka hagize ikibazo kijyanye no kwihana, ko bazajya bakoresha KIAC rules ya 2012 nkuko bigaragazwa n’ingingo ya 8 y’amasezerano impande zombi zashizeho umukono, ndetse ibi banabishimangira kandi muri terms of reference impande zombi zongeye gushyiraho umukono kugirango ikibazo cyose gishobora kuvuka kizasange cyarateganyirijwe uburyo kizakemurwa, bityo bemeza ko mu gukemura ikibazo tumaze kugaragaza haruguru ko hazifashishwa KIAC rules. Nanone mu rwego rwo gushimagira amasezerano y’ubwumvikane yo gukemura ibibazo birimo no kwihana umukemurampaka impande zombi zumvikanye, hongeye gusinywa izindi document zishimangira uburyo buzakurikizwa mu kuburana bise joint terms of reference, yashizweho umukono kuwa 19/11/2019 n’ababuranyi bombi aribo HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd na RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (REB), ndetse hamwe n’abakemurampaka bose uko ari 3. Iyi terms of reference impande zombi zumvikanyeho uburyo ikibazo cyose kizavuka hazifashishwa KIAC Rules nkuko bishimangirwa mu gace ka 79 ka TOR impande zombi zemeranyijwe. Ndetse REB ihagarariwe na KABIBI Specioza hamwe na HABUMUREMYI Prosper babishyiraho umukono kuwa 22/11/2019. Ibi bikaba bishimangira neza ko HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd na RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (REB) bumvikanye uburyo bwo kwihana umukemurampaka.

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[10] Bakomeza asobanura ko kutubahiriza ibyo bumvikanye, byaba ari ukwirengagiza nkana ibiteganywa mugika cya 2 cy’ingingo ya 15 y’itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 itegeko ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mubibazo by’ubucyuruzi, aho iyi ngingo idateganya ubundi buryo bwo kutubahiriza ibyo ababuranyi bumvikanye ubwabo muburyo bwo kwihana umukemurampaka ahubwo ko ishimangira ubwumvikane impande zombi zagiranye. Igika cya 2 cy’iyi ngingo tumaze kuvuga haruguru iteganya ko “igihe kwihana umukemurampaka hakurikijwe uburyo abagiranye amasezerano y’ubukemurampaka bumvikanyeho bitagize icyo bigeraho, aribwo umwe mu bihanye umukemurampaka ashobora mugihe kitarenze iminsi 15, amaze kumenyeshwa icyemezo cyo kwanga ubwihane, ko aribwo ashobora gusababa urukiko rukuru rw’ubucuruzi gufata icyemezo. [11] Hashingiwe kukuba uburyo buteganwa n’ingingo ya 15 y’itegeko, impande zombi zumvikanye ko ari ugukurikiza KIAC rules, kandi ingingo ya 7 y’iteka rya minisitiri No 16/2012 ryo kuwa 15/05/2012 rishyiraho amabwiriza y’ubukemurampaka y’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubukemurampaka ivuga ko iyo impande zombi zumvikanye gukoresha aya mabwiriza mu bukemurampaka, bifatwa ko zumvikanye gukoresha amabwiriza akoreshwa mu gihe ubukemurampaka butangiye cyangwa amabwiriza yavuguruwe, Ikigo cyaba cyaremeje ko yagira agaciro mbere y’itangira ry’ubukemyurampaka. [12] Basobanura ko ashingiye kubiteganwa muri

iyingingo ya 7 y’iteka No 16/012 ryo kuwa 15/05/2012 Iteka rya Minisitiri rishyiraho amabwiriza y’ubukemurampaka y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukemurampaka cya Kigali, turasanga nanone ibiteganwa mungingo ya 15 y’itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 itegeko ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mubibazo by’ubucyuruzi, byarubahirijwe kuburyo REB itari kongera kubiregera urukiko kuko iki cyemezo cyafashwe na KIAC nkuko biteganwa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri rishyiraho amabwiriza y’ubukemurampaka y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukemurampaka cya Kigali ivuga ko “Kwanga umukemurampaka bigomba kumenyeshwa urundi ruhande, umukemurampaka wangwa ndetse n’abandi bagize inteko y’ubukemurampaka. Ikigo gishobora gutegeka ko ubukemurampaka buhagarikwa kugeza igihe ikibazo cyo kwanga umukemurampaka gikemukiye. Dushingiye kuri iyi ngingo tumaze gusobanura haruguru, turasanga urukiko rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rudafite ububasha bwo gufata icyemezo cyo gutegeka ubukemurampaka guhagarika imirimo yabwo kugirango busuzume ikibazo kijyanye n’ubwihane kandi icyo kibazo cyarashikirijwe KIAC ndetse nayo ikagifataho umwanzuro kuko ariyo ibifitiye ububasha. [13] Na none basobanura ko asaba urukiko rukuru rw’ubucuruzi kuvanaho urubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC twatambamiye kuko icyo cyemezo urukiko rwafashe kidakurikije amategeko hashingiwe kubiteganwa n’ingingo ya 15 y’itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008

twavuze haruguru. Ibi birashimangigwa nanone kukuba itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mubibazo by’ubucyuruzi, ryuzuzanya n’Iteka No 16/012 ryo kuwa 15/05/2012 Iteka rya Minisitiri rishyiraho amabwiriza y’ubukemurampaka y’ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukemurampaka cya Kigali mungingo ya 15 y’itegeko twavuze haruguru. Ingingo ya 19 y’iteka ivugako “Iyo Ikigo kitemeye uko kwanga umukemurampaka, ubukemurampaka burakomeza keretse iyo Ikigo cyafashe umwanzuro wo guhagarika ubukemurampaka. Icyemezo cy’Ikigo gifashwe hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo ni icya burundu ntikijuririrwa”. Dushingiye kuri iyi ngingo, turasanga urukiko rutari gufata umwanzuro wo guhagarika ubukemurampaka mugihe bitari mu bubasha bwarwo, kuko ndetse na KIAC yari

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ibifite munshingano zayo hashingiwe kubwumvikane bw’ababuranyi; yafashe umwanzuro kubwihane kandi uwomwanzuro ukaba utarigeze uhagarika ubukemurampaka. [14] Bavuga kandi ko basaba urukiko kwemeza ko urubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC ruhindutse mungingo zarwo zose, bityo ko icyemezo cyo kwihana umukemurampaka kiri mu nshingano za KIAC ahokuba munshingano z’urukiko rw’ubukemurampaka, hashingiwe kubiteganwa mungingo ya 15, y’itegeko No 005/2008 twavuze haruguru impande zombi zumvikanyeho. Nanone Igitangaje kandi, nuko REB yashatse kwihisha inyuma yihagarikwa ryagateganyo ry’abakemurampaka ryakozwe na KIAC kuwa 29/09/2020 nkuko biteganwa n’ingingo ya 18 y’amabwiriza ya KIAC yo muri 2012 kugirango isuzume ubwihane yashikirijwe. Icyaje gutungurana nuko ubwo urukiko rw’ubukemurampaka rwari rumaze guhagarikwa by’agateganyo, REB yagombaga gutanga umwanzuro wayo kuri icyo kibazo cy’ubwihane isubiza umwanzuro w’inyongera wo kwitariki 25/09/2020 watanzwe na HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd, bityo bakabikora bitarenze tariki 30/09/2020 hashingiwe kuri email y’urukiko yo kuwa 16/09/2020. Ariko ikomeza kwinangira, kugezaho KIAC ifatiye umwanzuro kubwihane yarimaze gushikirizwa na HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd. Urukiko ruzashingire no kuri izi ngingo maze rwemeze ko icyemezo cyafashwe m’urubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC kivanweho, bityo ko KIAC ariyo ifite ububasha bwo gufata icyemezo kijyanye no kwihana umukemurampaka

hashingiwe kungingo ya 15 y’itegeko no 005/2008, ndetse ishimangigwa n’ingingo ya 18 y’amabwiriza twasobanuye haruguru. [15] Basoza bavuga ko kuvuga ko ikirego cyabo ari sans objet kubera ko ibintu byasubiye uko byari biri, ko ahubwo igikenewe arukumenya niba KIAC ariyo ifite ububasha bwo gufata icyemezo ku bw’ihane bwa Perezida cyangwa niba ari Inteko Nkemurampaka igomba gufata icyo cyemezo. Bavuga ko ingingo ya 19 y’ubukemurampaka igaragaza neza ko KIAC ariyo ifite ububasha bwo gufata icyemezo ko kandi amabwiriza ya KIAC atavuguruza itegeko No 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mu bibazo by’ubwunzi, ingingo ivuga ko amasezerano y’ubukemurampaka ari amasezerano impande zombie zigirana …, ko kandi ingingo ya 15 y’itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru ibisobanura neza. Bavuga ko KIAC rules nayo ari amategeko y’u Rwanda. Bavuga ko hazarebwa n’ingingo ya 31 y’amabwiriza ya KIAC ivuga ko uretse ibiteganywa n’iri tegeko abiyambaje ubukemurampaka bafite uburenganzira bwo kumvikana uburyo bakemura ibibazo bagejejweho… bavuga ko ibyakozwe na KIAC byubahirije ingingo ya 2 y’amabwiriza ya KIAC arebana no gutunganya imikorere ahubwo itakoze ubukemurampaka. [16] Me KABIBI na Me HABUMUREMYI basobanura ko REB yabisobanuriye Urukiko mu gice kibanza cya (case summary) ko ibyo HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd isaba itabihabwa kubera ko urubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC rwarangijwe. Inteko

y'Abakemurampaka yashyize mu bikorwa ibyo yategetswe n'urwo rubanza n'ubwo itabishyize mu bikorwa mu buryo buteganywa n'amategeko (Inteko yateranye ituzuye, kuko yari igizwe n'Abakemurampaka 2 aho kuba 3). Iburanisha mu mizi ry'urubanza KIAC Arbitration [No 2019-2020/121] ryarakomeje, riba ku wa 28 na 29/10/2020. Ariko kubera ko ryakozwe rigendeye ku cyemezo cyafashwe n'Inteko ituzuye, habayeho urubanza RCOM 00037/2020/HCC rwo ku wa 09/11/2020 rwategetse Ubukemurampaka guterana bikurikije amategeko. Uru rubanza rwanatesheje agaciro iburanisha ryabaye ku wa 28 na 29/10/2020. Ubukemurampaka bwashyize mu bikorwa iki cyemezo, Inteko iterana bikurikije amategeko, ndetse n'iburanisha mu mizi riteshwa agaciro. Ubukemurampaka buteganya kuongera kuburanisha mu mizi bundi bushya, bikaba biteganyiwje hagati y'ukwezi

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kwa 2 cyangwa ukwa 3/2021. Bityo, REB irasaba Urukiko kwemeza ko iki kibazo HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd irusaba gusuzuma nta mpamvu yo kugisuzuma kuko Ubukemurampaka bwakoze ibyo bwategetswe na HCC. Nta kibazo kiriho kuburyo Urukiko rugisuzuma ngo ruhe ibyo HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd isaba. [17] Basoza bavuga ko hazarebwa ingingo ya 2 igika cya 2 y’amabwiriza ya KIAC kuko basanga nubwo bavuga ko KIAC yarikuburanisha ikibazo cy’ubwihane bw’umukemurampaka ataribyo kuko icyo kigo gitunganya imikoree y’ubukemurampaka, bityo kikaba kitajya mu bibazo byo kuburanisha. Bavuga ko paragraphe ya 79 ya term de reference igaragaza ko habanza amategeko y’u Rwanda, KIAC rules, na term de reference. Ikindi ngo bakaba batarigeze bumvikana uburyo kwihana umukemurampaka bizakorwamo, ko ahubwo ingingo ya 15 y’itegeko ry’ubukemurampaka, isobanura ko iyo abaganye ubukemurampaka haribyo batumvikanye biyambaza inkiko. [18] Bavuga ko igika cya 79 ya terms of reference ifite isano ku mpaka zavutse kuko iteganya ko amategeko azakorerwa ari ayaho ubukemurampaka buzakorerwa, ko ndetse REB yasabye ko bijyamo kugira hakurikiranywe ubusumbane bw’amategeko. Bavuga ko muri terms of reference batigeze bavuga uburyo buzakoreshwa mu kwihana ubukemurampaka, ko bityo hatakwifashishwa ingingo ya 15 y’amabwiriza ya KIAC, ko kandi igika cya 79 yashyizweho kugira isobanure ingingo ya 29 agace ka 7 y’amabwiriza ya KIAC, ko ariko ikibazo

aho kiri arukumenya ufite ububasha bwa gusuzuma ubwihane. Bavuga ko basaba urukiko kuzarusuzumira niba kwihana ubukemurampaka atari impaka zari hagati y’ababuranyi kuko umwe yaramushakaga undi atamushaka, bityo niba ari impaka ingingo ya 2 y’amabwiriza yaba irebana n’imigendekere. Ikindi ko hazasesengurwa ingingo ya 15 y’amabwiriza ya KIAC mu gika cya 1 n’icya 3 bigaragaza ko urukiko nkemurampaka arirwo rwari rufite ububasha, urukiko ruzabone ko iki kibazo batari baracyumvikanyeho ahubwo bagombaga kwicara bakabyumvikanaho, ko ariko kuba batarumvikanye igihe ikibazo cyabagaho. Uko urukiko rubibona [19] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma niba rufite ububasha bwo guhagarika iburanisha ry’urubanza KIAC Arbitration No 2019-2020/121, urukiko rusanga mbere na mbere hagomba gukosorwa imvugo y’uwatambamiye urubanza aho auvuga ko hasuzumwa niba uru rukiko rufite ububasha bwo guhagarika iburanisha ry’urubanza bwo mu bukemurampaka kuko uru rukiko rutahagaritse iryo buranisha ahubwo rwatanze umurungo ku kibazo rwashyikirijwe cy’impaka k’ugomba kuburanisha hagati ya KIAC n’inteko Nkemurampaka k’ubwihane bwakorewe umwe mu bakemurampaka. [20] Ku kibazo rero cyo kumenya niba uru rukiko rufite ububasha bwo gutanga umurongo ku kibazo rwashyikirijwe cy’impaka k’ugomba kuburanisha hagati ya KIAC n’inteko Nkemurampaka k’ubwihane bwakorewe umwe mu bakemurampaka, rusanga icyo kibazo kiri mu bubasha bw’uru rukiko kuko iyo havutse ikibazo cyihutirwa kandi cy’agateganyo haba mbere cyangwa ubukemurampaka bwaratangiye kuburanishwa bene icyo kibazo kigomba gushyikirizwa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 11 y’itegeko N° 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mu bibazo by’ubucuruzi,

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byumvikane rero ko iyo icyo kibazo kigisuzumwa iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi mu bukemurampaka riba rihagaze kugeza Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rufatiye icyemezo. [21] Kuba rero haravutse ikibazo cyo kumenya hagati ya KIAC n’inteko y’Abakemurampaka ufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma, iki kibazo kibakaba kigomba gufatwa nk’ikibazo cyihutirwa kandi cy’agateganyo kibaba nta n’urundi rwego cyagombaga gushyikirizwa atari Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma imyanzuro cyangwa ibibazo byafashwe yafashwe hakoreshejwe ubukemurampaka nk’uko bitegqnywa n’ingingo ya 47 y’itegeko N° 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 ryavuzwe haruguru. B. Ku birebana no gusuzuma niba urukiko rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rudafite ububasha bwo gutegeka urukiko rw’ubukemurampaka gufata icyemezo cy’ubwihane [22] Me RUGAZA asobanura ko asaba urukiko ko kwemeza ko KIAC igobokeshwa ku gahato muri uru rubanza kugirango nayo iburane, hato itazatambamira imikirize ya rwo kuko irufitemo inyungu hashingiwe kukuba, icyemezo cyo kwihana peresida w’inteko yabakemurampaka ariyo yagifashe hanshingiwe kukuba biri no munshingano zayo. [23] Me KABIBI na Me HABUMUREMYI basobanura ko banga nta mpamvu yo kugobokesha KIAC muri uru rubanza kubera ko: (1) Nta kiyireba kigeze gisuzumwa mu rubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC rwo ku wa 26/10/2020 (2) ntabwo KIAC yatambamira imikirize y'uru rubanza kubera ko nta nyungu zayo zibangamiwe, bityo REB

isaba Urukiko kwemeza ko nta mpamvu yo kugobokesha KIAC muri uru rubanza. Uko urukiko rubibona [24] Urukiko rusanga kuba impande zombi zemeranywa ko ikibazo zari zifitanye cyamaze gukemuka kuko icyemezo cy’urukiko cy’uko inteko y’abakemurampaka ariyo ifite ububasha bwo husuwuma ubwihane k’umukemurampaka bwakozwe n’umwe mu baburanyi. [25] Urukiko rusanga ku gasigane cyangwa ivuguruzanya ry’amategeko ku rwego rufite ububasha bwo gusuwuma ikibazo cy’ubwihane bwakozwe kuri umwe mu bagize inteko y’abakemurampaka cyane cyane iyo abafitanye ikibazo bahisemo ko hazakoreshwa amategeko ya KIAC, iki kibazo kikaba cyarasobanuwe newa n’uru rukiko mu rubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC guhera mu gika cya 11 kugeza ku cya 15 aho rwasobanuye ko ingingo ya 15 igika cya 2 y’Itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mu bibazo by’ubucuruzi iteganya ko igihe umukemurampaka bihannye atemera kwikura mu rubanza cyangwa undi wiyambaje ubukemurampaka atemera ko bamwihana, Inteko y’Abakemurampaka (Arbitral tribunal) ni yo ifata icyemezo ku kwihana umukemurampaka. Ingingo ya 18 igika cya 1 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri No 16/012 ryo kuwa 15/05/2012 rishyiraho Amabwiriza y’ubukemurampaka y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukemurampaka cya Kigali iteganya ko uruhande rushaka kwanga umukemurampaka rushyikiriza Ubunyamabanga inyandiko igaragaraza ibyo rushingiraho rumwanga. Naho ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri No 16/012 ryo kuwa 15/05/2012 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ko iyo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi irindwi (7) yo kwakira imenyesha ryo kwanga umukemurampaka urundi ruhande rutabyemeye kandi n’umukemurampaka wanzwe ntiyegure, Ikigo ni cyo gifata umwanzuro kuri

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uko kwangwa. Iyo ngingo ya 18 na 19 zimaze kuvugwa zihuye n’iz’Amabwiriza y’ubukemurampaka ya 2012 (KIAC rules 2012). Urukiko rurasanga ibimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, bigaragara ko Itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru riteganya ko Inteko y’abakemurampaka ari yo ifata icyemezo ku bwihane bw’umukemurampaka ariko Iteka rya Minisitiri no 16/012 ryo kuwa 15/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru kimwe n’Amabwiriza ya KIAC bigateganya ko umwanzuro ufatwa na KIAC. Kuba rero iryo tegeko rivuguruzanya n’Iteka rya Ministiri hamwe n’amabwiriza ya KIAC ku bijyanye n’urwego rugomba gukemura ikibazo cy’ubwihane, kugira ngo hagarare urwaba rufite ububasha muri icyo gihe; ni uko harebwa uko bene icyo kibazo gikemurwa cyo kuvuguruzanya. Urukiko rurasanga abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko ubusumbane bw’amategeko ni uburyo atondetse hagamijwe ko agira umujyo umwe kandi ko bushingiye ku ihame ry’uko itegeko ryo hasi ritavuguruza iririsumba ahubwo ko ririshyira mu bikorwa. Iyo habaye uko kudahuza hagati y’amategeko, itegeko risumba irindi ni ryo rikurikizwa11. Kuba rero Iteka rya Minisiri n’Amabwiriza ya KIAC bivuguruza ibiteganywa n’itegeko ku birebana n’ugomba gusuzuma ubwihane bw’umukemurampaka, bigaragaza ko ibiteganywa n’Itegeko ari byo bikwiye gukurikizwa kuko risumba Iteka rya Ministiri n’ayo Mabwiriza. Ibyo rero byerekana neza ko mu gukemura impaka ku bwihane bwakozwe

na REB, uretse no kuba yari yasabwe ko bikemurwa n’Inteko y’Abakemurampaka (Arbitral tribunal), ni nako Itegeko ribiteganya. Urukiko rurasanga kuba ikirego cy’ubwihane cya REB cyaregewe Inteko y’abakemurampaka (Arbitral Tribunal), bigaragaza ko ari yo igomba kugifatira umwanzuro ko utagomba gufatwa na KIAC kandi itararegewe. Rusanga ibyavuzwe n’abakemurampaka Elodie Dulac na Sundra Rajoo Nadarajah, buri wese ku giti cye yandikira KIAC, bagaragaza ko ari yo igomba gufata umwanzuro kuri ubwo bwihane; atari bwo buryo bari bufatemo umwanzuro ku kirego bashyikirijwe kuko aramutse ari ko babibona babishyira mu cyemezo cyabo kuri icyo kirego cy’ubwihane kuko Inteko ifite ububasha bwo gukemura ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cy’amategeko kivutse mu bukemurampaka (any question of law arising in the arbitration) nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 31 igika cya 3 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri No 16/012 ryo kuwa 15/05/2012 rishyiraho amabwiriza y’ubukemurampaka y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukemurampaka cya Kigali. Ibyo kandi bishimangirwa n’uko iyo Inteko igizwe n’Abakemurampaka barenze umwe, buri cyemezo cy’ubukemurampaka (any decision of the arbitral tribunal) gifatwa ku bwiganze bw’abagize Inteko, keretse byemejwe ukundi n’abiyambaje ubukemurampaka nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 41 y’Itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mu bibazo by’ubucuruzi. Urukiko rurasanga kuba

itegeko riteganya ko Inteko ifite ububasha bwo gukemura ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cy’amategeko kivutse mu bukemurampaka, byerekana ko kuba haravutse ikibazo kijyanye no kwihana Perezida w’Inteko mu rubanza KIAC Arbitration case no 2019- 2020/121, kandi REB yatanze ubwo bwihane ikaba yarasabye ko busuzumwa n’Inteko y’ubukemurampaka; byerekana ko ntawundi wabusuzuma kandi ataregewe. Ibyo bigaragaza ko kuba nta mwanzuro irabufataho mu buryo bweruye ariko hakaba hari iburanisha mu mizi riteganyijwe kuwa 27, 28 na 29/10/2020, bigaragaza ikirego cy’ubwihane yashyikirijwe, 11La

Toupie,

“Définition:

Hiérarchie

des

norms”, http://www.toupie.org/Dictionnaire/Hierarchie_normes.htm#:~:text=La%20hi%C3%A9rarchie%20des%20normes %2 0est,en%20oeuvre%20en%20la%20d%C3%A9taillant. La hiérarchie des normes est un classement hiérarchisé de l'ensemble des normes qui composent le système juridique d'un Etat de droit pour en garantir la cohérence et la rigueur. Elle est fondée sur le principe qu'une norme doit respecter celle du niveau supérieur et la mettre en oeuvre en la détaillant. Dans un conflit de normes, elle permet de faire prévaloir la norme de niveau supérieur sur la norme qui lui est subordonnée

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yagikemuye mu buryo buteruye (tacite) kandi igomba gufata umwanzuro wanditse ndetse uriho umukono nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 43 igika cya 1 y’Itegeko no 005/2008 ryo kuwa 14/02/2008 ryerekeye ubukemurampaka n’ubwunzi mu bibazo by’ubucuruzi, bityo kuri iki kibazo uyu murongo watanzwe n’uru rukiko akaba ariwo ugomba kugenderwaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeye kwakira ikirego cya HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd gitambamira urubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC kuko cyatanzwe bikurikije amategeko, ariko rugisuzumye rusanga nta shingiro gifite. [27] Rwemeje ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rufite ububasha bwo gufata icyemezo ku kibazo cy’impaka k’ugomba kuburanisha hagati ya KIAC n’inteko Nkemurampaka k’ubwihane bwakorewe umwe mu bakemurampaka. [28] Rwemeje ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rufite ububasha bwo gutegeka urukiko rw’ubukemurampaka gufata icyemezo cy’ubwihane bw’umukemurampaka.

29. Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse k’urubanza RCOM 00036/2020/HCC. [29] Rutegetse ko amafaranga 40000 HICOMMANDS PVT Ltd yatanze isubirishamo urubanza aherera ku isanduku ya Leta.