HIGIRO v. GT BANK RWANDA Ltd

# HIGIRO v. GT BANK RWANDA Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2015-03-13 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0627/14/HCC - Collection: Commercial High Court

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HIGIRO v. GT BANK RWANDA Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOMA 0627/14/HCC (Mukakimanuka, P.J.,) Kuwa 13/03/2015] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’inguzanyo y’ikodeshagurisha y’imodoka – Igihe cyatenganyijwe kwishyura umwenda – Igihe kwandikisha ingwate bizamara – Uwishyuzwa ntiyakwitwaza imyaka cumi n’itanu yateganyijwe y’igihe ingwate izamara ngo yange kwishyura mu gihe umwenda yafashe wari wateganyijwe kurangira kwishyurwa nyuma y’inyaka itatu – Iyo igihe cyo kwishyura cyateganyijwe mu masezerano kirangiye uwishyuzwa atabashije kurangiza ideni afitiye banki, ingwate yatanze iragurishwa. Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’inguzanyo yo kubaka – Igihe amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha yahinduwemo amasezerano y’inguzanyo isanzwe y’igihe kirekire. – Kuba uwishyuzwa umwenda yarahawe iyindi nguzanyo yakabiri igahuzwa n’iyambere nayo atari yarangije kwishyura, ntibivuze ko uwo mwenda wambere ukuweho – Inshingano y’ikodeshagurisha ziba zirangiye ariko umwenda ukomeza kwishyurwa iyo umwenda wa mbere wahinduwemo umwenda w’igihe kirekire. Uwishyuzwa afite inshingano zo gukomeza kwishyura banki kugera umwenda wose urangiye. Amategeko agenga ubwishingizi – Amasezerano y’ubwishingizi – Agaciro k’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi n’ay’Ubugwate – Umwishingizi ntiyavuga ko amasezerano yakoranye na banki yateshwa agaciro avuga ko afite inenge mu gihe yayashizeho umukono nta gahato ashizweho – Kuba umwishingizi yashize umukono ku masezerano mu ndimi z’icyongereza n’izi gifaransa avuga atunva ntibyaba impanvu yo kuyatesha agaciro mu gihe yemeye kuyashyiraho umukono uko amaze atabanje gusobanuza uwayamusinyishije. Amategeko agenga ubugwate – Irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo – uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate – Mu gihe uwatanze ingwate atabashije kwishyura umwenda nk’uko bikwiye kandi iyo ngwate ikaba yarandikishijwe muri RDB ku bw’unvikane bw’impande zombi, uwishyuza afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ababishinzwe yuko yagurishwa, Itegeko n°10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa ya 14. Incamake y’ikibazo: Higiro Narcisse yareze GT BANK RWANDA Ltd mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge avuga ko itubahirije amasezerano y’inguzanyo y’ubwoko bw’ikodeshagurisha y’imodoka avuga ko zishaje kandi agaciro kazo katabariwe kuko imwishyuza umwenda kandi yarawishyuye. Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cya Higiro nta shingiro gifite kuko atagaragaje ibimenyetso by’uko yarangije kwishyura GT BANK RWANDA Ltd umwenda wose ayibereyemo. Umutirabura Marie Justicia, umugore wa Higiro akaba n’umwishingizi we, yireguye mu kirego cyatanzwe n’umugabo we avuga ko amasezerano y’ubwishingire n’ay’ingwate yagiranye na GT BANK RWANDA Ltd arimo inenge kuko yateguwe na banki yonyine we nta ruhare yagizemo, akaba asaba ko yateshwa agaciro. Urukiko rwemeje ko ayo masezerano nta nenge afite kuko Umutirabura atagaragaza ko yayashizeho umukono ashyizweho agahato. GT BANK RWANDA Ltd ikaba isaba ko Higiro yayiha indishyi zo kuyishora mu manza nta mpanvu.

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Higiro yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwa Nyamirambo asaba ko rwategeka GT BANK RWANDA Ltd kuyiha indishyi z’akababaro zishingiye ku gihombo yamuteje. GT BANK RWAND Ltd nayo isaba ko urukiko rutegeka irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo kugirango ikomeze kugurisha ingwate yahawe na Higiro. Higiro yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko urukiko rubanza rwemeje ko GT BANK RWANDA Ltd itigeze yica amasezerano kandi atari byo kuko umwenda w’ikodeshagurisha waje gufatanywa n’umwenda mushya wo kubaka wagombaga kuzishyurwa mu myaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans). GT BANK RWANDA Ltd yireguye ivuga ko imyaka cumi n’itanu irebana gusa n’igihe kwandikisha ingwate bizamara, ibyo bikaba ntaho bihuriye no kwishyura cyangwa kutishyura. Akomeza avuga ko urukiko rwirengagije ko yari yasabye GT BANK RWANDA Ltd igaragaza historiques ze kubera ko hari amafaranga yagiye ashyira kuri konti yishyura banki, ariko iyi ntiyakure ku mwenda yari ayifitiye. GT BANK RWANDA Ltd ivuga ko amafaranga yose Higiro yishyuye afite ibisobanuro. Umutirabura ari we umwishingizi, avuga ko Urukiko rwagombaga gutegeka GT BANK RWANDA Ltd kwerekana historiques ya konti kubera ko hari impaka ku mubare w’amafaranga yishyuwe. Higiro akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije amabaruwa GT BANK RWANDA Ltd yamwandikiye imumenyesha ko yarangije kwishyura umwenda w’ikodeshagurisha, inamumenyesha kandi ko imodoka zishobora kujya mu mazina ye kuko yarangije kwishyura umwenda. GT BANK RWANDA Ltd yo ikavuga ko amabaruwa yamwandikiye atariyo yashingirwaho kugaragaza umwenda kuko umwenda Higiro abereyemo banki ugaragazwa n’uburyo yawuhawe ndetse n’amafaranga amaze kwishyura. Mu bujurire, Higiro avuga ko Urukiko rubanza rutitaye ku karengane yagiriwe na banki kubwo yamuhangikaga imodoka zishaje kandi we atabizi, ari nayo inkomoko y’ibibazo kuko imodoka bazimuhaye mu nyadiko gusa we atarazibona. GT BANK RWANDA Ltd yiregura ivuga ko Higiro yahawe imodoka azi neza ko zishaje. Mu bujurirre bwuririye ku bundi, Umutirabura avuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubwishingire n’ay’ubugwate nta nenge afite kandi zirimo kuko ayo masezerano yakozwe mu ndimi z’igifaransa n’icyongereza kandi we yunva ikinyarwanda gusa, ndetse akaba yarakozwe n’uruhande rumwe ari rwo GT BANK RWANDA Ltd. Akomeza avuga ko atigeze ahamagarwa ngo ahuze amasezerano y’ubwishingire nk’uko imyenda yari yahujwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Banki ntiyishyuje Higiro mbere y’igihe giteganyijwe mu masezerano ahubwo uwishyuzwa yitiranije igihe ingwate izararangira n’igihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo, bityo Imyaka 15 uwishyuzwa avuga ntabwo ijyanye n’igihe cy’amasezerano y’inguzanyo ahubwo ijyanye n’igihe ingwate izarangira. 2. Kuba uwishyuzwa atagaragaza uko yishyuye umwenda wose ukomoka ku masezerano y’ikodeshagurisha yagiranye na Banki, ntaho yahera avuga ko asigaje kwishyura inguzayo yo kubaka gusa kuko umwenda w’ikodeshagurisha n’uwo kubaka yahujwe ariko uwambere ntiwakuweho kuko utariwishyuwe wose, bityo ugakomeza kwishyurwa uhujwe n’uwakabiri yahawe. 3. Kuba umwishingizi yarasinye amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ndetse n’ay’ingwate mu bihe bitandukanye, ntiyakwitwaza ko yasinye ibintu atumva kandi atamenyeshejwe, bigaragara ko

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atari ukuri mu gihe inyandiko zose yasinye zirahari ndetse zikaba nta nenge zigaragaramo ngo ziteshejwe agaciro, bityo akaba agomba kwirengera ingaruka. 4. Iyo uwishyuzwa atubahirije amasezerano, uwishyuza afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ababishinzwe kugurisha ingwate yahawe bintanyuze mu nkiko mu gihe iyo ngwate yarandikishijwe muri RDB ku bw’unvikane bw’impande zombi. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’umwishingizi nta shingiro bufite. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na banki bufite ishingiro bufite kuri bimwe. Urubanza RCOM 0753/14/TC/NYGE ntiruhindutse. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n°10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa ingingo ya 14, Amasezerano y’inguzanyo . Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCOM A 0138/12/CS, Gaju Cynthia v. ACCESS BANK Ltd. Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA MU NCA MAKE [1] Higiro Narcisse yagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo zitandukanye mu bihe bitandukanye na GT BANK Ltd. Umugore we Umutirabura Marie Justitia yasinye amasezerano yishingira iyo myenda. [2] GT BANK Ltd imaze kubona ko Higiro Narcisse atishyura imyenda ye, yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru wa Rwanda Development Board kugira ngo hashyireho ushinzwe kugirisha ingwate Higiro Narcisse yari yahaye GT BANK Ltd. [3] Kubera iyo mpamvu, Higiro Narcisse yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge avuga ko GT BANK Ltd itubahirije amasezerano y’inguzanyo bagiranye kuko imwishyuza umwenda kandi yarawishyuye ndetse ikaba yaramuhaye nk’inguzanyo y’ubwoko bw’ikodeshagurisha (leasing) imodoka zishaje kandi agaciro kazo katabariwe. Mu kirego cye, Higiro Narcisse yasaba Urukiko gutegeka GT BANK Ltd kugaragaza historique yerekana uko yagiye yishyura imyenda, guha agaciro ka nyako imodoka zishaje yamuhaye ndetse no kumuha indishyi zitandukanye. [4] Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Higiro Narcisse nta shingiro gifite kubera impamvu zikurikira: Imodoka yahawe mu rwego rw’ikodeshagurisha yazihawe azi neza ko zishaje, akaba yaremeye ingaruka zabyo kandi bikaba bishimangirwa ni uko ariwe wazigurishije amaze kuzikoresha;

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Ntabwo yasaba Urukiko gutegeka GT BANK Ltd guha agaciro nyako imodoka yamuhaye kandi nawe ubwe yivugira ko izo modoka yazigurishije kugira ngo yishyure umwenda yari arimo GT BANK Ltd, bituma amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha ahindurwa amasezerano asanzwe ku mwenda yari asigayemo, bityo bikaba bitagishobotse ko ako gaciro kagarukwaho kuko izo modoka zitakiri hagati y’abari baragiranye amasezerano; Ntabwo agaragaraza ibimenyetso by’uko yarangije kwishyura GT BANK Ltd umwenda wose ayibereyemo, ibyo avuga ko Banki yamwandikiye imumenyesha ko umwenda yari arimo warangije kwishyurwa, nta shingiro bifite kuko iyo nyandiko atari cyo kimenyetso cy’uko yarangije kwishyura, ahubwo yagombaga kugaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko umwenda wose yahawe yawishyuye, akagaragaza ibyemezo yagiye yishyuriraho ku buryo bigaragara uwo ariwe wese ko nta mwenda ukiriho. [5] Umutirabura Marie Justitia umwishingizi wa Higiro Narcisse yireguye mu kirego cyatanzwe n’umugabo we avuga ko amasezerano y’ubwishingire n’ay’ingwate yagiranye na GT BANK Ltd arimo inenge kuko yateguwe na GT BANK Ltd yonyine we nta ruhare yagizemo, bityo akaba agomba guteshwa agaciro. [6] Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko amasezerano y’ubwishingire n’ay’ingwate Umutirabura Marie Justitia yagiranye na GT BANK Ltd nta nenge afite kuko Umutirabura Marie Justitia atagaragaza ko yayashyizeho umukono ashyizweho agahato katigobotorwa; hkuvuga ko yateguwe na GT BANK Ltd, bikaba bidatuma agira inenge ku buryo byatuma avanwaho. [7] GT BANK Ltd yasabye ko Higiro Narcisse amuha indishyi z’akababaro zo kuyishora mu manza nta mpamvu zingana na Frw 500.000 na Frw 1.000.000 z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko GT BANK Ltd igomba guhabwa ibyo yasabye. [8] Higiro Narcisse na yajuririye urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge ndetse na Umutirabura Marie Justitia atanga ubujurire bwururiye ku bundi anenga urwo rubanza. Impamvu z’ubujurire zabo n’izikurikira: A. Higiro Narcisse. Urukiko rwemeje ko GT BANK Ltd itigeze yica amasezerano kandi itarayubahirije nk’uko bigaragara mu masezerano yashyizwe muri dosiye aho umwenda w’ikodeshagurisha waje gufatanywa n’umwenda mushya wo kubaka byose biteranyirizwa hamwe bikavamo umwenda mushya wo kubaka wagombaga kizishyurwa mu myaka cumi n’itanu; nyamara Banki yakomeje kumukata amafaranga no kumwishyuriza nk’aho umwenda uzarangira mu myaka itatu. Urukiko ntirwabashije guha agaciro amafaranga yose Higiro Narcisse yagiye ashyira kuri konti yishyuriragaho maze Banki igenda iyakata ariko ntiyakure ku mwenda yari ayifitiye kugeza uyu munsi akaba yibaza aho ayo mafaranga yagiye, ari nayo mpamvu mu kirego cye yasabaga Urukiko gutegeka GT BANK Ltd kwerekana historique y’amakonti ye ikanasobanura icyo buri faranga yakuweho yakoreshejwe ariko Urukiko ntirubikore.

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Banki ntabwo yigeze igaragaza aho yashyize amafaranga yishyuye agihabwa inguzanyo y’ikodeshagurisha angana na Frw 2.300.000 ndetse na Frw 20.000.00 yishyuye icyarimwe ndetse ikaba itarigeze igaragaza uko umwenda wagiye ugabanuka n’uwari usigayemo. Urukiko ntirwabashije kumurenganura nk’umuguzi ku karengane yagiriwe na Banki kagaragazwa na konti ye yishyuriragaho mbere maze ikaza gufungwa na Banki itabanje kumumenyesha ngo inamubwire impamvu, bityo bikaba byaratumye amafaranga Banki yakuye kuri iyo konti atabarwa mu kwishyura umwenda ndetse ntayasubizwe. Kugeza uyu munsi nta bisobanuro byabonetse kuri iyo konti n’amafaranga yari ariho. Urukiko rwirengagije amabaruwa GT BANK Ltd yamwandikiye aho nyuma yo kwishyura umwenda w’ikodeshagurisha, imumenyesha ko yarangije kwishyura umwenda w’ikodeshagurisha. Nyuma gato, Banki imwandikira imubwira ko imodoka noneho zishobora kujya mu mazina ye kuko yarangije kwishyura umwenda kuko mbere imodoka ntizari kujya mu mazina ye agifite uwo mwenda, bityo iki ikaba ari ikindi kimenyetso kigaragaza uburyo amafaranga y’ideni GT BANK Ltd ivuga ko asigayemo atabazwe neza kuko we asigaranye umwenda wo kubaka gusa, uw’ikodeshagurisha ukaba wararangiye. Urukiko ntirwitwaye ku karengane yagiriwe na Banki ubwo yamuhangika imodoka zishaje atabizi ari nayo inkomoko y’ibibazo bagiye bagirana kuko imodoka bazimuhaye mu nyandiko atarazibona nyuma y’aho aziboneye akaba yarandikiye Banki asaba ko baha agaciro nyako imodoka ndetse bamwe mu bakozi ba GT BANK Ltd bakaba bamugiriraga inama yo gusaba imodoka nshya kuko izo yari yaragawe zari zishaje, yarazihawe zimaze gukura kandi zishaje zikaza kumunanira. B. Umutirabura Marie Justitia Kuba Urukiko rutabashije kubarenganura we na Higiro Narcisse ku karengane karebana no guhangikwa imodoka zishaje kandi ariho ikibazo gitangirira. -Kuba Urukiko rwavuze ko Higiro Narcisse nta kimenyetso agaragaza cy’uko yarangije kwishyura nyamara yerekanye ibaruwa ya Banki ubwayo yamwihereye imubwira ko yamaze kwishyura. Kuba Urukiko ntacyo rwavuze ku kirego cya Higiro Narcisse cyo gutegeka GT BANK Ltd kwerekana historiques yose y’amakonti ya Higiro kandi hari impaka ku mubare w’amafaranga yishyuye. - Kuba Urukiko rwaremeje ko amasezerano y’ubwishingire n’ay’ubugwate nta nenge afite nyamara arimo ingingo zimubangamiye (clauses abusives) kuko ayo masezerano aha inshingano uruhande rumwe gusa, ayo masezerano yateguwe na Banki gusa iri muri position de force, we ari muri position de faiblesse, ayo masezerano yakozwe mu ndimi z’amahanga kandi we yumva ikinyarwanda gusa, bikaba byaratumye hari ingingo zayo adashobora kumva, ingingo za 1, ya 2, ya 4, ya 5, ya 17 z’ayo masezerano ziramurenganya kuko atigeze ahabwa amakuru ku birebana n’imyishyurire y’imyenda kandi bimufiteho ingaruka ndetse ntibamuhamagaye ngo ahuze amasezerano y’ubwishingire nk’uko imyenda yari ihujwe. (Cfr Urubanza R.COM A 0138/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 16/05/2014 aho Gaju Cynthia yaburanaga na ACCESS BANK mu bika bya 12-16 Urukiko rwasobanuye ko mu itangwa ry’inguzanyo aho impande zombie zigirana amasezerano ziba zidahwanyije ingufu ko hagomba kurengerwa uruhande

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rudafite imbaraga ari rwo ugurizwa n’umwishingizi. Mu gika cya 14 kandi hasobanurwa ko umwishingizi ahabwa amakuru, bitari gusa mu gihe asinya amasezerano y’ubwo bwishingizi ahubwo ko ayo makuru akomeza no kuyahabwa igihe ayo masezerano ahyirwa mu bikorwa ndetse ko n’ikigo cyagurije kiba gifite inshingano zo kumenyesha umwishingizi ko uwagurijwe w’ibanze atubahirije inshingano ze). [9] Higiro Narcisse yasabye Urukiko gutegeka GT BANK Ltd kumuha Frw 50.000.000 y’indishyi z’akababaro z’igihombo yamuteje na Frw 3.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka. [10] Mutirabura Marie Justitia nawe arasaba Frw 3.000.000 y’igihembo cy’Avoka. [11] GT BANK Ltd irasaba Frw 1.500.000 igizwe na Frw 500.000 y’indishyi z’akababaro zo gushorwa mu rubanza bitari ngombwa na Frw 1.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka mu bujurire. [12] GT BANK Ltd irasaba kandi ko Urukiko rutegeka irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo kugira ngo ikomeza kugurisha ingwate yahawe na Higiro Narcisse. [13] Ibibazo bisuzumwa muri uru rubanza n’ibikurikira: Kumenya niba GT BANK Ltd itarubahirije amasezerano yagiranye na Higiro Narcisse kubera ko imwishyuza umwenda nyuma y’imyaka itatu kandi waragombaga kwishyurwa nyuma y’imyaka 15. Kumenya niba Urukiko rwagombaga gutegeka GT BANK Ltd kwerekana historiques ya konti ya Higiro Narcisse kugira ngo hagaragara amafaranga yishyuye avuga ko atashyizwe kuri konti ye. - Kumenya niba Higiro Narcisse asigaje kwishyura inguzanyo yo kubaka gusa. Kumenya niba Higiro Narcisse yararenganijwe na GT BANK Ltd kubera ko yamuhaye imodoka zishaje zidafite agaciro kazwi ndetse no kubera ko Banki yanze kugaragaza agaciro kazo. Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubwishingire n’ay’ubugwate Umutirabura Marie Justitia yasinye agomba guteshwa agaciro kubera ko afite inenge. Kumenya niba Higiro Narcisse agomba guhabwa Frw 50.000.000 y’indishyi z’akababaro na Frw 3.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka yasabye. Kumenya niba Umutirabura Marie Justitia agomba guhabwa Frw 3.000.000 y’igihembo cy’Avoka yasabye. Kumenya niba GT BANK Ltd igomba guhabwa Frw 500.000 y’indishyi z’akababaro zo gushorwa mu rubanza bitari ngombwa na Frw 1.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka mu bujurire. Kumenya niba hagomba gutegekwa irangiza irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo kugira ngo GT BANK Ltd ikomeza kugurisha ingwate yahawe na Higiro Narcisse.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A- Kumenya niba GT BANK Ltd itarubahirije amasezerano yagiranye na Higiro Narcisse kubera ko imwishyuza umwenda nyuma y’imyaka itatu kandi waragombaga kwishyurwa nyuma y’imyaka 15. [14] Higiro Narcisse yajuriye avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko GT BANK Ltd itigeze yica amasezerano kandi itarayubahirije nk’uko bigaragara mu masezerano yashyizwe muri dosiye aho umwenda w’ikodeshagurisha waje gufatanywa n’umwenda mushya wo kubaka byose biteranyirizwa hamwe bikavamo umwenda mushya wo kubaka wagombaga kizishyurwa mu myaka cumi n’itanu; nyamara Banki yakomeje kumukata amafaranga no kumwishyuriza nk’aho umwenda uzarangira mu myaka itatu. [15] GT BANK Ltd yiregura ivuga ko ku bijyanye n’imyaka 15 irebana gusa n’igihe kwandikisha ingwate bizamara ntaho bihuriye no kwishyura cyangwa kutishyura, kandi Banki ntitegetswe gutegereza imyaka 15 kubera ko ingingo ya 7 y’amasezerano y’ingwate iyemerera kugurisha mu gihe Higiro Narcisse atishyuye. [16] Ku bijyanye n’icyo kibazo, Urukiko rusanze ko Higiro Narcisse yabanje gusinya amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha ya Frw 50.000.000 ku wa 06/04/2010 yari ifite igihe cy’imyaka 3 hiyongereyeho amezi 12 yo gukurikirana inzira zo kwishyuza (Reba ingingo ya 2 y’ayo masezerano), ni ukuvuga ko yagombaga kurangira ku wa 06/03/2014. [17] Rusanze ko mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 21/11/2011, GT BANK Ltd yamenyesheje Higiro Narcisse ko umwenda we wa Frw 50.000.000 yageze kuri Frw 33.174.052 kandi ko izishyurwa mu mezi 60, ni kuvuga imyaka 5. Rusanze kandi ko Higiro Narcisse yarasinye ko yasomye ndetse ko yemeye ibyo yamenyeshejwe. [18] Rusanze ko imyaka 15 Higiro Narcisse avuga ntabwo ijyanye n’igihe cy’amasezerano y’inguzanyo ahubwo ijyanye n’igihe ingwate izarangira nk’uko byanditswe mu ngingo ya 1 y’amasezerano HIGIRO Narcisse yagiranye na GT BANK Ltd ku wa 15/11/2011 (Ouverture de Crédit avec constitution d’hypothèque) aho havugwa ko ingwate yatanzwe mu gihe cy’imyaka 15 ndetse ko kizarangira ku wa 30/11/2026 (La présente hypothèque est consentie pour une durée de 15 ans, ce qui veut dire que l’échéance est fixée au 30/11/2026). [19] Rusanze rero ko GT BANK Ltd itishyuje Higiro Narcisse mbere y’igihe giteganyijwe mu masezerano ahubwo Higiro Narcisse yitiranije igihe ingwate izararangira n’igihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo. - B- Kumenya niba Urukiko rwagombaga gutegeka GT BANK Ltd kwerekana historiques ya konti ya Higiro Narcisse kugira ngo hagaragara amafaranga yishyuye avuga ko atashyizwe kuri konti ye. [20] Higiro Narcisse avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko yari yasabye ko GT BANK Ltd igaragaza historiques ya konti ze kubera ko hari amafaranga yagiye ashyira kuri konti yishyuriragaho Banki igenda iyakata ariko ntiyakure ku mwenda yari ayifitiye kugeza uyu munsi akaba yibaza aho ayo mafaranga yagiye cyane ko Banki yanafunze konti ye atazi aho amafaranga yarimo yashyizwe.

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Avuga kandi Banki itigeze igaragaza aho yashyize amafaranga yishyuye agihabwa inguzanyo y’ikodeshagurisha angana na Frw 2.300.000 ndetse na Frw 20.000.00 yishyuye icyarimwe ndetse ikaba itarigeze igaragaza uko umwenda wagiye ugabanuka n’uwari usigayemo. [21] GT BANK Ltd yiregura ivuga ko Higiro Narcisse adasobanura neza amafaranga avuga ko yishyuye ngo anerekane niba atagaragara kuri historique ya konti. Ivuga ko amafaranga yose HIGIRO Narcisse yishyuye afite ibisobanuro kandi byaratanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Ivuga ko HIGIRO Narcisse yishyuye koko Frw 20.000.000 ku wa 21/11/2011, muriyo Frw 19.998.500 avanwa ku mwenda wa Frw 51.842.121 yari afite, maze umwenda usigaye ungana na Frw 33.228.796 bawuhinduramo w’igihe kirere (crédit amortissable) wagombaga kujya wishyurwa Frw 869.706 buri kwezi guhera tariki ya 30/12/2011 kugeza ku ya 30/11/2016. [22] Umutirabura Marie Justitia nawe avuga ko Urukiko rwagombaga gutegeka GT BANK Ltd kwerekana historiques ya konti kubera ko hari impaka ku mubare w’amafaranga yishyuwe. [23] Ku bijyanye n’uko hari amafaranga yagiye yishyura, banki ikayakata ariko ntiyakure ku mwenda akaba ariyo mpamvu Higiro Narcisse asaba ko historiques ya konti igaragazwa, Urukiko rusanze koko, nk’uko GT BANK Ltd ibivuga, ko Higiro Narcisse avuga gusa ko hari amafaranga yagiye yishyura yakatswe ntashyirwe muri konti ariko ntavuga umubare w’ayo mafaranga ngo Urukiko rube ruwuheraho rusuzuma niba ayo mafaranga yishyuwe koko ariko ntiyagabanya umwenda. [24] Rusanze ko rutagomba kugendera ku magambo atuzuye ndetse atanafite ibimenyetso kuko ikiregerwa kigomba kuba gisobanutse kugira ngo gisuzumwe. Rusanze rero ko ntaho rwahera rwemeza ko hari amafaranga Higiro Narcisse yishyuye, agakatwa ariko ntagabane umwenda cyane cyane ko na historiques Higiro Narcisse ashaka ko Urukiko rutegeka GT BANK Ltd kugaragaza ari muri dosiye kuva mu rwego rwa mbere ariko Higiro Narcisse akaba atarabashije kuvuga hakurikijwe ayo ma historiques amafaranga yishyuye atagaragaramo. [25] Ku bijyanye n’uko Banki igomba kugaragaza historiques ya konti ya Higiro Narcisse kubera ko hari konti ye yafunze kandi yarimo amafaranga atazi aho yashyizwe, Urukiko rusanze ko GT BANK Ltd yandikiye Higiro Narcisse (Reba Cote 80 muri dosiye ku rwego rwa mbere) imubwira ko ku kibazo ya konti 121102216 iramumenyesha ko ariyo konti yafunguwe mbere kw’itariki ya 29/12/2008, nyuma ku itariki ya 02/07/2010 hafunguwe sous konti ariyo 121101066 nyuma izakumara igihe idakora bibangombwa ko Banki iyifunga kugira ngo idakomeza kubyara débit ya frais de maintenance de compte ariko ko bikaba bitarabujije ko amafaranga yose Higiro Narcisse yishyuriyeho yagiye agabanya umwenda nk’uko aribuze kubibona kuri historique yaho. [26] Rusanze na nanone ko Higiro Narcisse atagaragaza umubare w’amafaranga yishyuye kuri iyo konti yafunzwe itagaragaramo kuko historique y’iyo konti avuga ko yafunzwe 012-1101066 iri muri dosiye yatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere kuri Cote 105, bityo rusanga ko nta mpamvu yo gusaba Urukiko gutegeka ko hatangwe historique yamaze gutangwa. [27] Ku bijyanye n’uko Banki itigeze igaragaza aho yashyize amafaranga Higiro Narcisse yishyuye agihabwa inguzanyo y’ikodeshagurisha angana na Frw 2.300.000 ndetse na Frw 20.000.00 yishyuye icyarimwe ndetse ikaba itarigeze igaragaza uko umwenda wagiye ugabanuka

## Page 9

n’uwari usigayemo, bityo ikaba igomba kumugaragariza historiques, Urukiko rusanze ko amafaranga yishyuye agihabwa inguzanyo y’ikodeshagurisha avuga ko atabazwe mu kugabanya umwenda, Higiro Narcisse adakwiye kuyabaza mu gihe yiyemereye ubwe mu gihe yasinyaga amasezezerano yo ku wa 21/11/2011 yahinduye amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha inguzanyo isanzwe y’igihe kirekire ko umwenda we ungana na Frw 33.174.052 nyuma yo kwishyura Frw 20.000.000. Rusanze kandi nk’uko bivugwa mu ibaruwa GT BANK Ltd yandikiye Higiro Narcisse ku wa 21/11/2011 ko kugira ngo amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha ahindurwe inguzanyo isanzwe y’igihe kirekire, ni Higiro Narcisse wabisabye Banki mu ibaruwa ye yo ku wa 18/08/2011, bityo akaba yarazi neza uko yishyuye uwo mwenda w’amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha ndetse n’amafaranga yari asigaje kwishyura kuri uwo mwenda. [28] Bityo rukaba rusanga ko ibyo gusaba historiques ari urwitwazo kuko atigeze ayisaba Banki ngo iyimwime cyane cyane ko no muri dosiye yaburanishijwe, historiques igaragaramo. C- Kumenya niba Higiro Narcisse asigaje kwishyura inguzanyo yo kubaka gusa. [29] Higiro Narcisse yajuriye avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije amabaruwa GT BANK Ltd yamwandikiye nyuma yo kwishyura umwenda w’ikodeshagurisha, imumenyesha ko yarangije kwishyura umwenda w’ikodeshagurisha. Avuga kandi ko na nyuma y’aho gato, Banki yamwandikiye imubwira ko imodoka noneho zishobora kujya mu mazina ye kuko yarangije kwishyura umwenda kuko mbere imodoka ntizari kujya mu mazina ye agifite uwo mwenda, ibyo bikaba ari ikindi kimenyetso kigaragaza uburyo amafaranga y’ideni GT BANK Ltd ivuga ko asigayemo atabazwe neza kuko we asigaranye umwenda wo kubaka gusa, uw’ikodeshagurisha ukaba wararangiye. [30] GT BANK Ltd yiregura ivuga ko Urukiko rwarabisobanuye neza kandi mu magambo yumvikana ko ibaruwa atariyo ishingirwaho kugaragaza umwenda kuko umwenda Higiro Narcisse abereyemo Banki ugaragazwa n’uburyo yawuhawe ndetse n’amafaranga yari amaze kwishyura, bityo harebwe kuri historique y’ikodeshagurisha yo ku wa 24/11/2011 Higiro Narcisse yari afitiye Banki umwenda ungana na Frw 51.842.121, yishyuraho Frw 19.998.500 hasigara Frw 33.174.052, icyo gihe hakaba harabayeho guhindura inshingano (novation) bivuze ko inshingano y’ikodeshagurisha yari irangiye kuko umwenda wasigaye ungana na Frw 33.174.052 wahinduwemo umwenda w’igihe kirekire ( crédit amortissable). [31]GT BANK Ltd ivuga kandi ko ibaruwa yo ku wa 11/03/2013 yemereraga Higiro Narcisse kuba yakwiyandikishaho imodoka kubera ko inshingano z’ikodeshagurisha zari zaravuyeho ariko bitavuze ko nta wundi mwenda yari afitiye Banki. [32] Umutirabura Marie Justitia nawe avuga ko Urukiko rwavuze ko Higiro Narcisse nta kimenyetso agaragaza cy’uko yarangije kwishyura nyamara yerekanye ibaruwa ya Banki ubwayo yamwihereye imubwira ko yamaze kwishyura. [33] Ku bijyanye n’icyo kibazo, Urukiko rusanze ko kuba GT BANK Ltd yarandikiye Higiro Narcisse imubwira ko amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha yarangiye ndetse ko ashobora kwiyandikisha imodoka yari yarahawe muri ayo masezerano, bikaba byumvikana neza kuko mu masezerano yo ku wa 11/03/2013 amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha yahinduwe amasezerano y’inguzanyo isanzwe y’igihe kirekire.

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[34] Rusanze kandi ko kubera ko amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha yari yarahinduwe ayandi, Higiro Narcisse yarafite uburenganzira bwo kwiyandikisha imodoka kuko ubusanzwe iyo umuntu akodesha agura ikintu mu masezerano y’ikodeshagurisha, icyo kintu ntabwo kiba kiri icye kugeza yarangije kwishyura amafaranga yose y’ikodeshagurisha nk’uko bivugwa mu ngingo ya 5 y’Itegeko n° 06/2005 ryo ku wa 03/06/2005 rishyiraho amategeko agenga ibikorwa by’ikodeshagurisha n’ibisabwa mu mirimo y’ikodeshagurisha igira iti: “Mu gihe cyose amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha yagenewe kumara, ukodesha agurisha ntashobora kugira uwo yegurira umutungo ukodeshejwe, keretse ari ikindi kigo gikora imirimo y’ikodeshagurisha. Uweguriwe umutungo agomba gukomeza kubahiriza amasezerano y’uwakodesheje agura mbere.” [35] Rusanze kandi ko mu masezerano y’inguzanyo isanzwe, n’iyo imodoka yaba yaguzwe n’amafaranga y’iyo nguzanyo, nyirikugurizwa aba nyirazo azifitiyeho uburenganzira busesuye keretse iyo izo modoka zatanzwe ingwate muri Banki yahaye inguzanyo nyirikugurizwa. [36] Rusanze na none ko Higiro Narcisse ubwe yarazi ko agifite umwenda wa GT BANK Ltd kuko mu ibaruwa yandikiye Banki ku wa 13/12/2013, nyuma y’uko Banki imwandikira imubwira ko amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha yarangiye ndetse ko ashobora kwiyandikisha imodoka, ayisaba guhagarikisha inyungu y’uwo mwenda, anayisaba guhabwa amezi 24 kugira ngo ashakishe uburyo bwo kwishyura amafaranga asigaye. [37] Rusanze rero ko kuba Higiro Narcisse atagaragaza uko yishyuye umwenda ukomoka ku masezerano yagiranye na Banki ku wa 15/11/2011 ayo yahinduye amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha, ntaho Urukiko rwahera rwemeza ko Higiro Narcisse asigaje kwishyura inguzayo yo kubaka gusa. - D- Kumenya niba Higiro Narcisse yararenganijwe na GT BANK Ltd kubera ko yamuhaye imodoka zishaje zidafite agaciro kazwi ndetse no kubera ko Banki yanze kugaragaza agaciro kazo. [38] Higiro Narcisse yajuriye avuga ko Urukiko rutitaye ku karengane yagiriwe na Banki ubwo yamuhangika imodoka zishaje atabizi ari nayo inkomoko y’ibibazo bagiye bagirana kuko imodoka bazimuhaye mu nyandiko atarazibona nyuma y’aho aziboneye akaba yarandikiye Banki asaba ko baha agaciro nyako imodoka ndetse bamwe mu bakozi ba GT BANK Ltd bakaba bamugiriraga inama yo gusaba imodoka nshya kuko izo yari yaragawe zari zishaje, yarazihawe zimaze gukura kandi zishaje zikaza kumunanira. [39] GT BANK Ltd yiregura ivuga ko mu gace ka 9 Urukiko rwasobanuye neza ko nta shingiro bifite kuko HIGIRO Narcisse yahawe imodoka mu rwego rw’ikodeshagurisha azi neza ko zishaje, bigashimangirwa n’ibaruwa ubwe yiyandikiye ku wa 06/04/2010 asaba inguzanyo y’izo modoka. [40] Umutirabura Marie Justitia nawe avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko Higiro Narcisse yahawe imodoka zishaje kandi ariho ikibazo gitangirira. [41] Ku bijyanye n’icyo kibazo, Urukiko rusanze ko ibyo Higiro Narcisse na Umutirabura Marie Justitia bavuga nta shingiro bifite kubera ko Higiro Narcisse nta gahato yashyizweho kugira ngo

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asinye amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha y’imodoka ishaje. Rusanze ko mbere y’uko asinya ayo masezerano, yashoboraga gusaba ko hakorerwa expertise kugira ngo hagaragare agaciro nyako k’izo modoka yakodesheje agura. Rusanze ko kuba Higiro Narcisse atarabisabye mbere yo gusinya amasezerano, akemera gufata imodoka uko zimeze, akanazikoresha, akaba atagomba gusaba ko hatangwe agaciro k’imodoka zitakiri mu maboko ye cyane cyane ko nta muntu wamutegetse kwemera izo modoka. E- Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubwishingire n’ay’ubugwate Umutirabura Marie Justitia yasinye agomba guteshwa agaciro kubera ko afite inenge. [42] Umutirabura Marie Justitia yatanze ubujurire bwururiye ku bundi avuga ko Urukiko rwaremeje ko amasezerano y’ubwishingire n’ay’ubugwate nta nenge afite nyamara arimo ingingo zimubangamiye (clauses abusives) kuko ayo masezerano yakozwe mu ndimi z’igifaransa n’icyongereza atumva kuko yumva ikinyarwanda gusa ndetse akaba yarakozwe n’uruhande rumwe gusa arirwo GT BANK Ltd iri muri position de force, we ari muri position de faiblesse. [43] Avuga kandi ko usibye gusinya amasezerano atigeze ahabwa amakuru ku birebana n’imyishyurire y’imyenda kandi bimufiteho ingaruka ndetse ntibamuhamagaye ngo ahuze amasezerano y’ubwishingire nk’uko imyenda yari ihujwe. (Cfr Urubanza R.COM A 0138/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 16/05/2014 aho Gaju Cynthia yaburanaga na ACCESS BANK mu bika bya 12-16 Urukiko rwasobanuye ko mu itangwa ry’inguzanyo aho impande zombi zigirana amasezerano ziba zidahwanyije ingufu ko hagomba kurengerwa uruhande rudafite imbaraga ari rwo ugurizwa n’umwishingizi. Mu gika cya 14 kandi hasobanurwa ko umwishingizi ahabwa amakuru, bitari gusa mu gihe asinya amasezerano y’ubwo bwishingizi ahubwo ko ayo makuru akomeza no kuyahabwa igihe ayo masezerano ahyirwa mu bikorwa ndetse ko n’ikigo cyagurije kiba gifite inshingano zo kumenyesha umwishingizi ko uwagurijwe w’ibanze atubahirije inshingano ze). [44] Ku bijyanye n’icyo kibazo, Urukiko rusanze ko ibyo Umutirabura Marie Justitia avuga ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi n’ay’ubugwate yasinye afite inenge kubera ko yanditswe mu ndimi atumva ndetse akaba yarakozwe n’uruhande rumwe rumurusha imbaraga, ibyo nta shingiro bifite kubera ko mu gihe yasinyaga ayo masezerano Umutirabura Marie Justitia nta gahato yashyizweho, yashoboraga gusaba umukozi wa Banki wamusinyishaga kubanza kumusemurira mu kinyarwanda ibyanditswe kugira ngo asinye ibyo yumvise. Rusanze ko kuba atarabikoze akemera gusinya amasezerano uko ameze, ibyo akaba agomba kubyirengera wenyine. [45] Ku bijyanye n’uko Umutirabura Marie Justitia atarahamagawe ngo ahuze amasezerano y’ubwishingire kuko imyenda yari ihujwe ndetse n’uko atigeze ahabwa amakuru y’imyishyurire y’umwenda kandi ari uko bigomba kugenda nk’uko byejemwe ku wa 16/05/2014 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza R.COM A 0138/12/CS (Gaju Cynthia C/ ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd), Urukiko rusanze ko ibyo nta shingiro bifite kubera ko Umutirabura Marie Justitia yasinye amasezerano y’ubwishingizi atatu, ni kuvuga amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 04/05/2010 ajyanye n’amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha ya Frw 50.000.000, amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 22/11/2011 ajyanye n’amasezerano y’inguzanyo y’igihe kirekire ya Frw 33.174.052 yasimbuye amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 06/09/2012 ya Frw 15.000.000.

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[46] Rusanze ko buri gihe ko Higiro Narcisse yasinyaga amasezerano, Umutirabura Marie Justitia nawe yasinyaga amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yishingira iyo myenda ya HIGIRO Narcisse, ni kuvuga ko yagiye amenya uko umwenda wahindukaga kubera ko wahujwe n’undi cyangwa hiyongereyeho undi mwenda. Rusanze ko mu rubanza R.COM A 0138/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Gaju Cynthia ntabwo yamenyeshejwe indi nguzanyo ya Frw 12.000.000 umugabo we Twagira Azzi yari yafashe ahubwo yasinye amasezerano y’ubwishingizi y’inguzanyo ya Frw 25.000.000 ariko ACCESS BANK RWANDA Ltd yashakaga kwitwaza ayo masezerano ngo ivuge ko ireba n’umwenda wa Frw 12.000.000 Gaju Cynthia atamenyeshejwe kuko nta hantu yigeze abisinyira. Rusanze rero ko urwo rubanza rutajyanye n’uru kuko muri uru rubanza Umutirabura Marie Justitia yasinye amasezerano mu gihe imyenda yahuzwaga ndetse akaba yarasinye amasezerano by’ubwishingizi buri gihe Higiro Narcisse yahabwaga umwenda. [47] Rusanze kandi ko usibye gusinya nk’umwishingizi, Umutirabura Marie Justitia yasinye amasezerano y’ingwate, ni kuvuga ko yatanze umutungo we utimukanwa nk’ingwate y’imyenda ya Higiro Narcisse ku masezerano yose Higiro Narcisse yagiranye na GT BANK Ltd. [48] Rusanze ko ku muntu nka Umutirabura Marie Justitia wasinye amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ndetse n’ay’ingwate mu bihe bitandukanye, akaba atagomba kwitwaza ko yasinye ibintu atumva kandi atamenyeshejwe kuko bigaragara ko atari ukuri kuko inyandiko zose yasinye zirahari ndetse zikaba nta nenge zigaragaramo ngo ziteshejwe agaciro. F- Kumenya niba Higiro Narcisse agomba guhabwa Frw 50.000.000 y’indishyi z’akababaro na Frw 3.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka yasabye. [49] Ku bijyanye n’icyo kibazo, Urukiko rusanze ko nta ndishyi z’akababaro Higiro Narcisse yahabwa kubera ko usibye ko atasobanuye akababaro yagize gatuma ahabwa izo ndishyi ariko URUBANZA N°R.COM A 0627/14/HCC Urupapuro rwa 12 kandi isesengura ry’urubanza ryagaragaje ko impamvu z’ubujurire ze nta shingiro zifite. Rusanze kandi ko nta mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’Avoka Higiro Narcisse yahabwa kubera ko ntawamushoye mu rubanza ngo abiryozwe ahubwo niwe wishoye mu manza zitari ngombwa. G- Kumenya niba Umutirabura Marie Justitia agomba guhabwa Frw 3.000.000 y’igihembo cy’Avoka yasabye. [50] Ku bijyanye n’icyo kibazo, Urukiko rusanze ko nta mafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka umutirabura Marie Justitia yahabwa kubera ko ntawamushoye mu rubanza nta mpamvu ngo abiryozwe. H- Kumenya niba GT BANK Ltd igomba guhabwa Frw 500.000 y’indishyi z’akababaro zo gushorwa mu rubanza bitari ngombwa na Frw 1.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka mu bujurire. [51] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’akabaro zo gushorwa mu rubanza bitari ngombwa, Urukiko rusanze ko ntazo GT BANK Ltd yahabwa kubera ko nubwo ubujurire bwa Higiro Narcisse nta shingiro bufite ariko ntabwo bihita bigaragara buri wese ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite keretse habaye isesengura ryuzuye kandi rihagije ry’inyandiko zose zakoreshejwe mu rubanza, bivuga ko Higiro Narcisse atatanze ikirego agambiriye kugirira nabi uregwa ndetse akaba atarakoresheje uburenganzira bwe bwo kurega mu buryo burengeje ku maso y’abantu bose imbibi y’ikoreshwa risanzwe ry’ubwo burenganzira nk’uko bivugwa n’abahanga mu mategeko

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basobanura ijambo gushorwa mu rubanza nta mpamvu icyo bivuga. (Amategeko yo mu Rwanda ntabwo asobanura ijambo ‘’gushorwa mu rubanza ku maherere” (action téméraire et vexatoire) icyo bivuga1 ariko hari ibisobanuro by’iryo jambo byatanzwe n’inkiko zo mu Bubiligi bavuga ko kugira ngo havugwe ku umuntu yashowe mu rubanza ku maherere, hagombaga kugaragara ko uwatanze ikirego yabikoze ashaka kugirira nabi uregwa cyangwa ko yakoresheje uburenganzira bwe bwo kurega mu buryo burengeje ku maso y’abantu bose imbibi y’ikoreshwa risanzwe ry’ubwo burenganzira. Ibyo byavuzwe n’Urukiko Rusesa Imanza y’Ababiligi rwavuze ruti: « une procédure peut revêtir un caractère vexatoire non seulement lorsqu’une partie est animée de l’intention de nuire à une autre mais aussi lorsqu’elle exerce son droit d’agir en justice d’une manière qui excède manifestement les limites de l’exercice normal de ce droit par une personne prudente et diligente » (Cass, 31 oct. 2003, JT, 2004, p. 134)2 [52] Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka GT BANK Ltd isaba, Urukiko rusanze ko kubera ko Higiro Narcisse atsinzwe agomba kwirengera amafaranga yakoreshejwe na GT BANK Ltd mu gukurikirana urubanza no kuburanirwa na Avoka kuko ubusanzwe ayo mafaranga yishyurwa n’utsindwa urubanza. [53] Rusanze ariko Frw 1.000.000 GT BANK Ltd isaba ari ikirenga, bityo rukaba ruyigeneye mu bushishozi n’ubwitonzi bwarwo Frw 100.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza na Frw 500.000 y’igihembo cy’Avoka. I- Kumenya niba hagomba gutegekwa irangiza irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo kugira ngo GT BANK Ltd ikomeze kugurisha ingwate yahawe na Higiro Narcisse. [54] Ku bijyanye n’icyo kibazo, Urukiko rusanze ko ingwate GT BANK Ltd yahawe na Higiro Narcisse ndetse na Umutirabura Marie Justitia yandikishijwe muri Rwanda Development Board nk’uko impande zose zari zabyumvikanyweho, bivuga ko ufite ingwate yandikishijwe muri Rwanda Development Board afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba icyo kigo gushyiraho ushinzwe kugurisha iyo ngwate iyo nyirikugurizwa atishyuye umwenda nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko n°10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa nk’uko ryahinduwe rikuzuzwa kugeza ubu mu ngingo yarwo ya 14. (Igihe uwatanze ingwate atabashije kwishyura, uwahawe ingwate amenyesha mu nyandiko uwatanze ingwate ko agiye gukoresha bumwe mu buryo bwavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki akagenera kopi Umwanditsi Mukuru.) [55] Rusanze rero ko uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate intanyuze mu nkiko bwahawe GT BANK Ltd mu Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, bityo ikaba itabusabira Urukiko. 1 Iyo nta kintu amategeko y’U Rwanda ateganya ku kibazo, Umucamanza ashobora kwiyambaza ibyavuzwe n’abahanga mu mategeko nk’uko biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 6 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi (2012). 2Voir Dommages et intérêts pour action téméraire et vexatoire: Revirement de la Jurisprudence. Disponible sur : http://www.corbeel.be/Resources/temeraire%20et%20vexatoire.pdf

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI [56] RWEMEYE kwakira ubujurire bwa Higiro Narcisse, RWEMEJE ko nta shingiro bufite. [57] RWEMEYE kwakira ubujurire bwururiye ku bundi bwa Umutirabura Mari Justitia, RWEMEJE ko nta shingiro bufite. [58] RWEMEYE kwakira ubujurire bwururiye ku bundi bwa GT BANK RWANDA Ltd, RWEMEJE ko bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [59] RWEMEJE ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza R.COM 0753/14/TC/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 14/11/2014. [60] RUTEGETSE Higiro Narcisse kwishyura GT BANK RWANDA Ltd, Frw 600.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka mu bujurire. [61] RUVUZE ko rwasomwe bitinze kubera ko Umucamanza yari mu kiruhuko cy’uburwayi kuva kuwa 12/02/2015 kugeza kuwa 02/03/2015.