UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IHIMBAZWE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IHIMBAZWE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00812/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IHIMBAZWE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00812/2024/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 17 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gutunda ibiyobyabwenge – Gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ni ugukura ibiyobyabwenge ahantu ukabijyana ahandi – Icyo cyaha kigizwe n’igikorwa cyo gukura ibiyobyabwenge ahantu ubijyana ahandi (element materiel), naho ubushake bwo gukora icyaha (element moral) bukaba bugizwe no kuba uwatunze ibiyobyabwenge azi neza ko atwaye urumogi ndetse akaba yari asanzwe azi ko gutwara urumogi ari icyaha kandi icyakozwe akaba ari igikorwa giteganywa kandi kigahanwa n’amategeko (element legal). Incamake y’ikibazo: Ihimbazwe yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gucuruza no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko afatanywe boules 200 zarwo agiye kurugurisha uwitwa Nshuti Eric. Bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge; rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Ihimbazwe yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko arusaba kumugabanyiriza ibihano kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, anasaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa gufatanywa ibiyobyabwenge. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko inyito y’icyaha Ihimbaze itahinduka kuko uregwa yafashwe atunda urumogi akoresheje moto, akaba atafatwa nk’uwafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge, cyokora rumugabanyiriza ibihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Ihimbazwe yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha atemera cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, ko we icyo yemera ari uko yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge kandi ko rwaciye urubanza mu buryo bugenekereje. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo uregwa asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ibikorwa yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kuko yafashwe ashyiriye urumogio uwitwa Nshuti Eric kandi abizi neza ko arirwo atwaye. Incamake y’icyemezo: Gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ni ugukura ibiyobyabwenge ahantu ukabijyana ahandi. Icyo cyaha kigizwe n’igikorwa cyo gukura ibiyobyabwenge ahantu ubijyana ahandi (element materiel), naho ubushake bwo gukora icyaha (element moral) bukaba bugizwe no kuba uwatunze ibiyobyabwenge azi neza ko atwaye urumogi ndetse akaba yari asanzwe azi ko gutwara urumogi ari icyaha kandi icyakozwe akaba ari igikorwa giteganywa kandi kigahanwa n’amategeko (element legal). Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00052/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs Uwiringiye Franco rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/07/2022; RPAA 00170/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Karangwa Olivier rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/03/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 13/5/2021 mu Mudugudu wa Nyakariba, Akagari ka Musezero, Umurenge wa Gisozi, ishami rya police rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge ryafashe Ihimbazwe Patience afite urumogi (boules 200), agiye kurugurisha uwitwa Nshuti Eric, ari nawe watanze amakuru ko hari umuntu umuzaniye urumogi ngo arugure bahita baza bamufata arumuhereje nawe amuhereje amafaranga, uru rumogi Ihimbazwe Patience akaba yari aruzanye kuri moto TVS ifite pulake plaque RF844G. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ihimbazwe Patience mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. [3] Ihimbazwe Patience yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, yemera ko yarufatanywe; ko ibyo yemeye mbere yabitewe n’uko yakubiswe bamubaza abandi bafatanya, akaba ahakana kuko atabikora; ko yabihawe ari mu kazi ke ka buri munsi ko gutwara moto, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [4] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaciye urubanza RP 00881/2021/TGI/GSBO ku wa 21/01/2022, rushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo kuba Ihimbazwe Patience ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha yaremeye icyaha akavuga ko urumogi yafatanywe yari aruhawe n'umudamu w'umugabo witwa Tafu wamuhaye numero y'umuntu arushyira, ko impamvu yemeye kurutwara aziko ari urumogi ari uko uwo munsi wose atari yakoze kandi uwo mudamu yari yamwemereye kumuha 10.000 Frw bigatuma yemera kurumutwarira; kuba hari umutangabuhamya witwa Nshuti Eric ari nawe Patience yari ashyiriye urumogi, uvuga ko akorana na police ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge akaba yari azi neza ko Patience acuruza urumogi nuko aramuhamagara amusaba kumuzanira boules 200, ahita abibwira police bamufata arumuzaniye arumuhereje nawe amuhereza amafaranga bahita bamufata; kuba hari raporo y'inzego z'ibanze igaragaza ko uregwa yafatanywe urumogi boules 200 agiye kurugurisha no kuba Ihimbazwe Patience yarashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira igaragaza ko afatanywe urumogi boules 200; Urukiko rwasanze nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko Ihimbazwe Patience acuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge; rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. [5] Ihimbazwe Patience yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, arusaba kumugabanyiriza ibihano kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, anasaba ko inyito y’icyaha

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yahinduka agahanirwa gufatanywa ibiyobyabwenge kubera ko na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze igaragaza ko yabifatanywe ariko urukiko rukaba rwaramuhamije icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, cyane cyane ko iyo raporo yagaragaje n’imirimo asanzwe akora ya buri munsi yo gutwara moto. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ihimbazwe Patience yaburanye ahakana icyaha, ko kwemera icyaha ku rwego rw’ubujurire atari inenge y’urubanza, ko urubanza rwajuririwe rugumana agaciro karwo kubera ko ntacyo uregwa yarunenze. Ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha, avuga ko itahinduka, kandi ko atari ubwa mbere Ihimbazwe Patience akora icyo cyaha. [7] Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RPA 00312/2022/HC/KIG, ku wa 26/07/2024, rusanga inyito y’icyaha Ihimbaze Patience aregwa itahinduka kuko yafashwe atunda urumogi akoresheje moto, akaba atafatwa nk’uwafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge, cyokora rumugabanyiriza ibihano rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1 ku mpamvu y’uko n’ubwo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwari rwamugabanyirije igihano rwari rwashingiye ku Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 akaba n’ubundi yari yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye cyane, biba ngombwa ko rwifashisha itegeko rishya ryateganyije ibihano byoroheje, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [8] Ihimbazwe Patience yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa RPAA 00812/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 07/10/2025, Ihimbazwe Patience yunganiwe na Me Habumuremyi Englebert naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire bwe yo ku wa 13/08/2024 no mu iburanire ye, Ihimbazwe Patience avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha atemera cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, ko we icyo yemera ari uko yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge kandi ko rwaciye urubanza mu buryo bugenekereje. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Ihimbazwe Patience asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ibikorwa yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Naho ibyo avuga ko urubanza rwaciwe mu buryo bugenekereje nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko yafatanywe urumogi udupfunyika 200 yari azaniye Nshuti Eric. [11] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba inyito y’icyaha Ihimbazwe Patience yahamijwe yahinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi.

1 ivuga ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira:(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Ihimbazwe Patience yahamijwe yahinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi [12] Ihimbazwe Patience n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kandi icyo yemera ari ukubifatanwa. Asobanura ko uwitwa Dusabimana Josiane (mama bebe) yamuhaye igikapu ngo agishyire uwitwa Nshuti Eric, kikaba cyari kirimo imyenda ariko hasi harimo urumogi, akaba atari abizi, ageze aho Eric yarari ahasanga abapolisi bari kumwe nawe bahita bamwaka igikapu yari afite baragisaka basangamo urumogi, ko nawe yatunguwe no kurusangamo; ko kuba atari azi ko urwo rumogi rurimo atagombaga guhanirwa icyaha cyo kurutunda. [13] Bavuga kandi ko ibi babishingira ku buhamya bw’uwitwa Dusabimana Josiane (mama Bebe) kuko ubwe yiyemerera ko ariwe washyize urumogi mu gikapu ashaka kumugusha mu mutego kuko hari amakimbirane bari bafitanye yo kuba yarateye inda murumuna we yarangiza akanga ko babana akaza kubana n’undi mugore ashaka uko yamwihimuraho. [14] Bavuga kandi ko bashingira ku nyandiko y’Inzego z’Ibanze, iy’Umudugudu wa Gashubi igaragaza ko Ihimbazwe Patience yari inyangamugayo ndetse akitabira ibikorwa bya Leta; ko kuba Urukiko rwaravuze ko asanzwe acuruza ibiyobyabwenge atari byo kuko rutagaragaza aho yabicururizaga, ko kandi n’ubwo Nshuti Eric avuga ko yari amuzaniye urumogi rwo kugura ntaho bagaragaza amafaranga yamuhaye bagura, icyo yemera akaba ari uko yafatanwe udupfunyika magana abiri (200) tw’urumogi, akaba ari natwo twafatiriwe hamwe na moto yari atwaye; basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire guhindura inyito y’icyaha aregwa, agahanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Ihimbazwe Patience avuga ko yahamijwe kandi agahanirwa icyaha atakoze nta shingiro bifite kuko yafashwe azaniye uwo bise Nshuti Eric (ubundi witwa Niyonshuti Eric) urumogi, akaba ari byo byitwa icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi. Avuga ko ibyo Ihimbazwe Patience avuga ko inkiko zibanza zafashe ibintu uko bitari, habayeho kugenekereza, Ubushinjacyaha busanga nta kugenekereza kwabayeho, kuko Ihimbazwe Patience yafatanwe udupfunyika 200 tw’urumogi yari ashyiriye Nshuti Eric. [16] Avuga nanone ko ibyo Ihimbazwe Patience n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko uwitwa Josiane (mama bebe) yanditse ibaruwa asaba imbabazi kuko yamufungishije, bityo ko byumvikanisha ko yatwaye igikapu atazi ko harimo urumogi, asanga ubwo buhamya nta gaciro bwahabwa, kandi ko kuri uru rwego Ihimbazwe Patience ashaka kumvikanisha ko yatwaye urumogi atazi icyo atwaye nyamara atari byo kuko kuva iperereza ritangiye ndetse kugeza no ku gihe yaburanaga mu Rukiko Rukuru, hose yagiye agaragaza ko ibyo yari atwaye yari abizi, ariko akumvikanisha ko byari mu nshingano ze bitewe n’akazi ke yakoraga ko gutwara moto. [17] Akomeza avuga ko ubuhamya bwa Nshuti Eric, Ihimbazwe Patience asaba ko bwateshwa agaciro kuko Dusabimana Josiane yamaze kugaragaza ko yamugambaniye, Ubushinjacyaha busanga nta kagambane kabayeho, kuko Ihimbazwe Patience yatwaye urumogi abizi neza ko ari rwo atwaye; ko ibyo yise ikimenyetso kiri muri dosiye ari ibaruwa ya Dusabimana Josiane uvuga ko ariwe wamuhaye urumogi agamije kumugirira nabi amuziza ko yabyaranye na murumuna we witwa Icyirezi Gisele ariko ntibabane ahubwo agashaka undi mugore; mu rubanza ajuririra,

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Ihimbazwe Patience yaburanye avuga ko impamvu ajuriye ari ugusaba urukiko ko rwamugabanyiriza igihano; ko rero Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku cyari cyaregewe, bityo rukaba nta kosa rwakoze, ibaruwa yanditswe na Dusabimana ikaba nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa kuko itigeze iburanishwaho mu rubanza ajuririra. [18] Avuga ku nyandiko y’inzego z’ibanze igaragaza ko Ihimbazwe Ptaience yari inyangamugayo ariko urukiko rwamubeshyeye ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi, ko kuba umuntu yari asanzwe ari inyangamugayo nyuma akaza gukurikiranwaho icyaha bitamubera impamvu yo kutakiryozwa; kandi ko ibyo avuga ko yagombaga guhanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ko igikorwa cyakozwe ari ugutunda urumogi kandi icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi n’ibikorwa bikigize byasobanuwe mu manza zitandukanye, umurongo imanza zihuriyeho ukaba uvuga ko gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ari ugukura ibiyobyabwenge ahantu ukabijyana ahandi2. [19] Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Ihimbazwe Patience nta shingiro bufite, hakagumaho urubanza ajuririra. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Ihimbazwe Patience yahamijwe igomba guhinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi aho kuba kurutunda. [21] Ibijyanye no kumenya ibishingirwaho kugira ngo hemezwe ko ibikorwa uregwa yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00052/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/07/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwiringiye Franco. Muri urwo rubanza (igika cya 27-30), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ari ugukura ibiyobyabwenge ahantu ukabijyana ahandi. Icyo cyaha kigizwe n’igikorwa cyo gukura ibiyobyabwenge ahantu ubijyana ahandi (element materiel), naho ubushake bwo gukora icyaha (element moral) bukaba bugizwe no kuba uwatunze ibiyobyabwenge azi neza ko atwaye urumogi ndetse akaba yari asanzwe azi ko gutwara urumogi ari icyaha kandi icyakozwe akaba ari igikorwa giteganywa kandi kigahanwa n’amategeko (element legal). Ibi ni nako byasobanuwe mu zindi manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa hakaba harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00170/2024/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Karangwa Olivier, rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/20253. [22] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rujuririrwa (igika cya 14), Ihimbazwe Patience n’ubundi yari yajuriye asaba ko inyito y’icyaha ashinjwa ihinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi aho kuba icyo kurutunda kuko atigeze arutunda, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko icyaha yakoze ari icyo gutunda urumogi rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Ihimbazwe Patience yafatanywe urumogi boules 200 arutwaye kuri moto arushyiriye uwitwa Nshuti Eric, ari nawe watanze amakuru ko hari umuntu umuzaniye urumogi.

2 Mu manza zafashwemo uwo murongo hari nk’urubanza no RPAA 00231/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 16/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NIYONTEZE Samson (igika cya 16). 3 Urubanza Nº RPAA 00170/2024/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na KARANGWA Olivier, rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/2025, igika cya 20. 4 Reba inyandiko mvugo yo ku wa 13/05/2021

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[23] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha4, Ihimbazwe Patience ubwe yavuze ko ari umugore w’umugabo witwa Tafu wamuhaye urwo rumogi ngo arushyire Nshuti Eric, kandi ko yatwaye urumogi abizi neza ko ari urumogi atwaye, anasobanura ko impamvu yemeye kurutwara ari uko uwo munsi atari yakoze kandi uwo mugore wamutumye yari yamubwiye ko amuhemba ibihumbi icumi (10.000 Frw). [24] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga iyi mvugo ya Ihimbazwe Patience mu Bugenzacyaha igaragaza ko ibyo avuga mu bujurire bwe ko uwitwa Dusabimana Josiane (mama bebe) yamuhaye igikapu ngo agishyire uwitwa Nshuti Eric, kikaba cyari kirimo imyenda ariko hasi hari harimo urumogi akaba atari abizi nta shingiro bifite, kuko ibyo yasobanuye ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha byerekanywe haruguru, bigaragaza neza ko yari azi ko atwaye urumogi, azi n’ingaruka zabyo, kuba yaratwaye urumogi akaruvana ahantu hamwe akarujyana ahandi azi neza ko arirwo atwaye kandi azi ko bihanwa n’amategeko, bikaba bihura neza n’igisobanuro cyagaragajwe haruguru cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. [25] Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Ihimbazwe Patience ku bijyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha ashinjwa nta shingiro bufite. [26] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibyo Ihimbazwe Patience n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rugenekereje nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rwagaragaje ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, birimo kuba Ihimbazwe Patience yarafatanwe boules 200 z’urumogi arutwaye kuri moto arushyiriye Nshuti Eric, kuba mu ibazwa rye yariyemereye ko yarutwaye azi neza ko atwaye urumogi, no kuba yarasobanuye impamvu yamuteye kwemera kurutwara ko kwari ukugira ngo ahabwe 10.000Frw yari bwishyurwe. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ihimbazwe Patience bugamije ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ihinduka agahanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi aho guhanirwa kubitunda nta shingiro bufite, urubanza RPA 00312/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/07/2024, rukaba rudahindutse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ihimbazwe Patience nta shingiro bufite; [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00312/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/07/2024 idahindutse; igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw Ihimbazwe Patience yahanishijwe kigumyeho; [30] Ruvuze ko Ihimbazwe Patience asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.