IKIGEGA CYIHARIYE CY'INGOBOKA (SGF) v MURWANASHYAKA

# IKIGEGA CYIHARIYE CY'INGOBOKA (SGF) v MURWANASHYAKA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-08-16 - Case/document no.: RCA00050/2022/HC/MUS - Collection: High Court

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IKIGEGA CYIHARIYE CY'INGOBOKA (SGF) v MURWANASHYAKA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA MUSANZE – RCA00050/2022/HC/MUS (Rutikanga, P.J.) 16 Kanama 2023] Itegeko rishyiraho ikigega cyihariye cy’ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izikomoka ku nyamaswa – kumenyekanisha impanuka – igihe cyo kumenyekanisha impanuka – Imenyekanisha ryuwokorewe impanuka ku kigega Cyihariye cy'Ingoboka (SGF) rikorwa mu minsi irindwi, icyakora iyo uwakorewe impanuka atabashije kuyimenyekanisha cyangwa ngo hagire uyimenyekanisha mu izina rye muri icyo gihe, kubera impamvu z’uburwayi, ntiyaba impamvu ituma adahabwa indishyi cyangwa ikirego cye kitakirwa. Itegeko rishyiraho uburyo bwo kubara indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga – indishyi mbangamiraburambe – Indishyi mbangamiraburambe zitangwa ku bahohotewe n’impanuka ari abanyeshuri cyangwa abandi bafite akazi kazwi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Murwanashyaka arega ikigega Cyihariye cy'Ingoboka (SGF) mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze asaba Urukiko gutegeka icyo kigega kumuha indishyi zitandukanye nyuma yaho Moto itarabashije kumenyekana imugongeye mu karere ka Musanze mu murenge wa Cyuve ikamusigira ubumuga bwa 35% bwagaragajwe n’umuganga we ariko mu gihe cy’iburanisha ry’urubanza hashyizweho undi muganga wagaragaje ko afite ubumuga buhoraho bwa 20%. Avuga ko yagerageje gusaba SGF indishyi ku bwumvikane ikabyanga. Mu gihe cy’iburanisha ry’urubanza, uhagarariye SGF yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Murwanashyaka kubera ko yamenyekanishije impanuka yararengeje igihe cy’iminsi irindwi (7) giteganyijwe n’amategeko, Urukiko rwarayisuzumye rusanga nta shingiro ifite. Urukiko mu rubanza mu mizi RC00072/2020/TGI/MUS,rwemeje ko Murwanashyaka ahabwa indishyi zitandukanye zose hamwe zingana na 2,907,450Frw. Uburanira SGF yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko Urukiko rwakiriye ikirego kandi yaramenyekanishije iyo mpanuka yarakererewe, ko yari impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ngo gisuzumwe. ikindi avuga ko Urukiko rwaciye SGF indishyi kandi bigaragara ko uwateje impanuka yamenyekana, avuga kandi ko Murwanashyaka yahawe n’indishyi adakwiriye zirimo indishyi mbangamira burambe ku kazi Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaremeje ko zihabwa uwari usanzwe afite akazi kazwi. Uburanira Murwanashyaka avuga ko indishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi akwiriye kuzihabwa kuko imanza zivugwa nuburanira SGF ashingiraho asaba ko atazihabwa zaciwe nyuma y’uko akora impanuka. Kubyerekeranye no kuba yaramenyakanishije impanuka atinze avuga ko impanuka ikimara kuba yahise ajya mu bitaro kandi ntawundi muntu afite wagombaga kubimukorera, akaba yarayimenyekanishije akiva mu bitaro. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00050/2022/HC/MUS rwasanza uburanira SGF atabasha kugaragaza ko impanuka ikiba Murwanashyaka atagiye mu bitaro, cyangwa se ngo agaragaraze ko yari afite undi muntu wagombaga kuba yamenyekanisha iyo mpanuka mu gihe uwakoze impanuka yari ari mu bitaro, bityo rwemeza koi Murwanashyaka afite impamvu yumvikana ituma atarabashije kumenyekanisha iyo mpanuka ku gihe. Ku bijyanye no Kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi, ikurikirana rubanza n’ingendo zatanzwe niba zitaragombaga gutangwa, Urukiko rwemeje ko indishyi mbangamiraburambe zitagombaga gutangwa kuko Murwanashyaka atagaragaza akazi yakoraga

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kamuhaga umushahara wa buri kwezi, rwemeza ariko ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yatanzwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa akwiye kugumaho. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Imenyekanisha ryuwokorewe impanuka ku kigega Cyihariye cy'Ingoboka (SGF) rikorwa mu minsi irindwi, icyakora iyo uwakorewe impanuka atabashije kuyimenyekanisha cyangwa ngo hagire uyimenyekanisha mu izina rye muri icyo gihe, kubera impamvu z’uburwayi, ntiyaba impamvu ituma adahabwa indishyi cyangwa ikirego cye kitakirwa. 2.Indishyi mbangamiraburambe zitangwa ku bahohotewe n’impanuka ari abanyeshuri cyangwa abandi bafite akazi kazwi. Bityo iyo umuburanyi atabashije kugaragariza Urukiko ko yakoze impanuka afite akazi kazwi ntazihabwa. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 52/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 rishyiraho ikigega cyihariye cy’ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izikomoka ku nyamaswa (sgf), rikanagena inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere byacyo, Ingingo ya 29 Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kubara indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga, ngingo ya 19, igika cya 4, Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2021/SC, PRIME INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd vs UWIMANIMPAYE rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02/12/2022 Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 12/04/2019, mu mudugudu wa Gashangiro, akagari ka Kabeza,Umurenge wa Cyuve, Akarere ka Musanze habereye impanuka ya moto ikomeretsa uwitwa Murwanashyaka ajyanwa kwa muganga nyuma y’amezi 4 n’iminsi 13 ajya kumenyekanisha iyo mpanuka muri Polisi avuga ko yagonzwe na moto ariko ikaba itaramenyekanye. [2] Mu nyandiko mvugo yakozwe na Polisi kuwa 21/10/2019, yagaragaje ko yageze ahabereye impanuka ibaza abatangabuhamya bavuga ko babonye iyo moto ariko ko nta plaque zayo babashije kumenya. [3] Murwanashyaka yashyikirije ikigega Cyihariye cy'Ingoboka (SGF)inyandiko zose asaba indishyi, agaragaza raporo ya muganga ivuga ko yagize ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 35% ntibabashe kumvikana, bituma aregera Urukiko, ageze mu rukiko uburanira SGF asaba ko hakongera gupimwa ubumuga yagize,muganga wicyo kigega aza kugaragaza ko Murwanashyaka yagize ubumuga bungana na 20%. [4] Mu gihe cy’iburanisha ry’urubanza Me Nibakure Florence uburanira SGF yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Murwanashyaka kubera ko yamenyekanishije impanuka yararengeje igihe cy’iminsi irindwi (7). Urukiko rwarayisuzumye rusanga nta shingiro ifite rukomeza kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi.

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[5] Mu rubanza RC00072/2020/TGI/MUS, Urukiko rwagaragaje ko indishyi Murwanashyaka akwiriye guhabwa ari indishyi mbangamiraburanga zingana na 1,296,000frw, indishyi z’ububabare zingana na 108,000frw, indishyi mbangamiraburanga zingana na 108,000frw, indishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi zingana na 540,000frw, indishyi z’ibyakoreshejwe zingana na 855,450frw, indishyi zose hamwe Urukiko rwasanze akwiriye guhabwa zingana na 2,907,450frw. [6] Me Nibakure Florence uburanira SGF yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko Urukiko rwakiriye ikirego kandi yaramenyekanishije iyo mpanuka yarakererewe arengeje iminsi irindwi yagombaga kumenyekanisha iyo mpanuka kuri polisi, ko iyo yagombaga kuba impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ngo gisuzumwe ikindi avuga ko Urukiko rwaciye SGF indishyi kandi bigaragara ko uwateje impanuka yamenyekana akaba yaranahawe n’indishyi atanakwiriye zirimo indishyi mbangamira burambe ku kazi nk’uko imanza zaciwe n”urukiko rw’Ikirenga zagaragaje ko zihabwa uwari usanzwe afite akazi kazwi, iz’ikurikirana rubanza n’amafaranga y’ingendo yagenewe atari ngombwa. [7] Me Havugimana Ignace uburanira Murwanashyaka avuga ko indishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi akwiriye kuzihabwa kuko imanza avuga ko zashingirwaho ngo ntazihabwe zaciwe nyuma y’uko akora impanuka,ikindi akaba yarakoresheje amafaranga akora ingendo kandi anaburanirwa n’avoka asaba Urukiko kumugenera izo ndishyi zibyo yatakaje. Kubyerekeranye no kuba yaramenyakanishije impanuka atinze avuga ko impanuka ikimara kuba yahise ajya mu bitaro kandi ntawundi muntu afite wagombaga kubimukorera, akaba yarayimenyekanishije akiva mu bitaro kuko atagombaga kuyimenyekanisha kandi adashoboye kuba yakwivana mu bitaro asaba Urukiko kudaha agaciro iyo nzitizi. [8] Muri uru rubanza Urukiko rubona hagomba gusuzumwa niba kuba Murwanashyaka yaramenyekanishije impanuka arengeje iminsi irindwi (7) yaba impamvu yatuma ikirego cye kitaragombaga kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe hanasuzumwe ibyekerekaranye n’indishyi zitumvikanywaho. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba kuba Murwanashyaka yaramenyekanishije impanuka muri polisi arengeje iminsi irindwi(7) yaba impamvu yatuma ikirego cye kitaragombaga kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe. [9] Me Nibakure Florence uburanira SGF avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwakiriye ikirego kandi Murwanashyaka yaramenyekanishije impanuka yarakererewe arengeje iminsi irindwi yagombaga kumenyekanisha iyo mpanuka kuri polisi, ko iyo yagombaga kuba impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ngo gisuzumwe, asaba Urukiko rwajuririwe kubisuzuma. [10] Me Havugimana Ignace asubiza avuga ko kuba Murwanashyaka yaramenyakanishije impanuka atinze byatewe nuko impanuka ikimara kuba yahise ajya mu bitaro kandi nta wundi muntu afite wagombaga kubimukorera, akaba yarayimenyekanishije akiva mu bitaro kuko atagombaga kuyimenyekanisha kandi adashoboye kuba yakwivana mu bitaro asaba Urukiko kudaha agaciro iyo nzitizi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 29 itegeko N° 52/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 rishyiraho ikigega cyihariye cy’ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izikomoka ku nyamaswa (sgf), rikanagena inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere byacyo

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iteganya ko Uretse igihe agaragaje impamvu ikomeye yamuzitiye, umuntu wangirijwe ibye n’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka yiyambaza SGF ari uko inzego za Polisi zamenyeshejwe impanuka mu gihe cy’iminsi irindwi (7). Agomba, mu gihe kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) uhereye igihe impanuka yabereye, kumenyesha iyo mpanuka SGF (…) ; [12] Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanga Me Nibakure Florence atabasha kugaragaza ko impanuka ikiba Murwanashyaka atagiyemu bitaro, yewe nta nubwo abasha kugaragariza Urukiko ko Murwanashyaka afite undi muntu wagombaga kuba yamenyekanisha iyo mpanuka mu gihe uwakoze impanuka ari mu bitaro, bityo kuba urega Murwanashyaka agaragaza ko impanuka ikiba yahise ajyanwa mu bitaro,Urukiko rusanga iyo ari impamvu yumvikana yatuma atabasha kumenyekanisha iyo mpanuka,ibi bikaba bituma inzitizi yatanzwe na Me Nibakure Florence uburanira SGF nta shingiro ifite nk’uko byanagaragajwe n’Urukiko rwisumbuyemu rubanza rwajuririwe. Kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi, ikurikirana rubanza n’ingendo zatanzwe niba zitaragombaga gutangwa. [13] Me Nibakure Florence uburanira SGF, avuga ko Urukiko rwaciye SGF indishyi kandi bigaragara ko uwateje impanuka yamenyekana ndetse akaba yaranahawe n’indishyi atanakwiriye zirimo indishyi mbangamira burambe ku kazi nk’uko imanza zaciwe n”urukiko rw’Ikirenga zagaragaje ko zihabwa uwari usanzwe afite akazi kazwi, iz’ikurikirana rubanza n’amafaranga y’ingendo yagenewe atari ngombwa. [14] Me Havugimana Ignace uburanira Murwanashyaka avuga ko indishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi akwiriye kuzihabwa kuko imanza avuga ko zashingirwaho zaciwe nyuma y’uko akora impanuka, ikindi akaba yarakoresheje amafaranga akora ingendo kandi anaburanirwa n’avoka asaba Urukiko kumugenera izo ndishyi zibyo yatakaje. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Urukiko rusanga ku birebana n’abahabwa indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo kubona akazi kavugwa mu ngingo ya 19, igika cya 4, y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kubara indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2021/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 02/12/2022 rwagaragaje ko abo umushingamategeko yazigeneye ari abanyeshuri gusa. Abandi bagenewe izo gutakaza akazi, bisobanuye ko bagomba kuba bari bagafite bakagatakaza kubera impanuka. Urukiko rwagaragaje ko kuba umuntu utagaragaza ko hari akazi yari afite ubwo yakoraga impanuka adashobora guhabwa izo ndishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe kubera ko nyine ntako yatakaje. [16] Ku mpaka ziri hagati y’ababuranyi muri uru rubanza zo kumenya niba uhabwa indishyi zo gutakaza akazi ari ubona umushahara ku kwezi nk’uko byemezwa na Me Nibakure Florence , mu gihe Me Havugimana Ignace uburanira Murwanashyaka we avuga ko n’udafite akazi kagaragara gahemberwa ku kwezi agenerwa bene izo ndishyi, Urukiko rurasanga, hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, kuba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwarabifasheho umurongo rukemeza ko indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi zihabwa uwari usanzwe afite akazi kazwi, ibyo bikaba bigomba gushingirwaho hemezwa ko izo ndishyi zingana na 540,000frw Murwanashyaka yagenewe zigomba kuvanywaho, kuko atagaragaza ko hari akazi kazwi yarasanzwe akora naho ibivugwa n’umuburanira uvuga izo manza zaciwe nyuma y’uko impanuka iba nta shingiro byahabwa kuko uru rubanza ruciwe urubanza rutanga umurongo rwaraciwe kandi uwo murongo ugomba gukurikizwa. [17] Kubyerekeranye n’izindi ndishyi zirebana n’ikurikirana rubanza zingana n’ibihumbi ijana(100,000frw) n’ingendo zingana na n’ibihumbi ijana(100,000frw) Uburanira SGF Me Nibakure Florence avuga ko zitangombaga gutangwa, Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanga nta shingiro ibivugwa na

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Me Nibakure Florence nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’umuntu wakoze impanuka yaje gukurikirwa n’urubanza adashobora kugaragaza ukuntu Murwanashyaka atagendaga kubera urwo rubanza bikaba byaratumaga atakaza amafaranga, bityo iyo ngingo y’ubujurire Urukiko rwajuririwe rubona nta shingiro ifite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Me Nibakure Florence uburanira SGF gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe ; [19] Rwemeje ko indishyi Murwanashyaka yari yagenewe zingana na 2,907,450frw hakurwamo indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi zingana na 540,000frw, akaba agomba guhabwa indishyi zingana na miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu na birindwi na magana ane na mirongo itanu(2,367,450frw) ; [20] Rutegetse Ikigega Cyihariye cy'Ingoboka(SGF) mu izina ry’Umuyobozi wacyo kwishyura Murwanashyaka indishyi zingana na miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu na birindwi na magana ane na mirongo itanu(2,367,450frw) ; [21] Rwemeje ko ingwate y’igarama yatanzwe ihwana n’ibyakozwe ku rubanza.