UBUSHINJACYAHA v. INGABIRE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. INGABIRE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00800/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. INGABIRE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00800/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,) 24 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ntibashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Incamake y’ikibazo: Ingabire Pélagie yafatanwe udupfunyika mirongo itandatu (60) tw’urumogi, maze ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha. Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwahamije Ingabire icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Ingabire Pélagie, yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko ari imfubyi. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze Ingabire Pélagie akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe ku cyaha icyo aricyo cyose maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, milioni icumi (10.000.000Frw). Ingabire Pélagie yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, maze agahabwa gito gishoboka asaba ndetse kugabanyirizwa ihazabu ya milioni icumi(10.000.000Frw) yaciwe. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Ingabire Pélagie zidafite ishingiro kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’amategeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ntibashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00333/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ngirinshuti Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 27/03/2019, Ingabire Pélagie ari mu Mudugudu wa Bidugudu, Akagari ka Ndatemwa, Umurenge wa Kiziguro mu Karere ka Gatsibo, yafatanwe udupfunyika mirongo itandatu (60) tw’urumogi n’urundi rucye mu ishashi, afatwa arimo kurubara no kuruzinga mu dupapuro rucururizwamo, ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [3] Ingabire Pélagie yaburanye ahakana icyaha, asobanura ko yabyutse agasanga igipfunyika cy’urumogi ku muryango, ahuruza gitifu, aje amubwira ko atabona aho arushyira, amusaba ko bajyana, yemera ko bajyana ariko ko nta cyaha yakoze. Asaba kurenganurwa. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00499/2019/TGI/NYG, rwaciwe ku wa 11/06/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Ingabire Pélagie, yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aribyo: Imvugo ze abazwa mubugenzacyaha akemera icyaha agasobanura uko yagikoze, uko yafatanwe udupfunyika 60 tw’urumogi, uko yaturanguye ndetse ni uko arucuruza; Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Mugabo John na Hagenimana Jean Bosco bamushinja; Raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yemeza ko bamufatanye udupfunyika 60 tw’urumogi arufite iwe murugo; Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwahamije Ingabire Pélagie icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [5] Ingabire Pélagie, yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko ari imfubyi. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba imfubyi atari impamvu yatuma Ingabire Pélagie agabanyirizwa ibihano ariko kubw’itegeko rishya ryasohotse, yabigabanyirizwa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka a y’Itegeko N 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

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[7] Mu rubanza RPA 00751/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 30/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze Ingabire Pélagie akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe ku cyaha icyo aricyo cyose ndetse no kuba hasohotse itegeko rishya riteganya kugabanya ibihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, rushingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko N 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumugabanyiriza igihano. Rwemeza ko Ingabire Pélagie ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, milioni icumi(10.000.000Frw). Rutegeka ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’ibihano yahawe. [8] Ingabire Pélagie yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00800/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 08/04/2025, Ingabire Pélagie yunganiwe na Me Uwimabera Béata, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Ingabire Pélagie mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire yasabye kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahabwa gito gishoboka agasanga abana be yasize badafite ubarera ndetse akanakurirwaho ihazabu ya milioni icumi(10.000.000Frw) yaciwe, avuga ko adafite aho yayakura. Me Uwimabera Béata, avuga ko ubwo yasuraga Ingabire Pélagie mu igororero, yamusobanuriye ko abona nta mpamvu anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru kuko igihano yahawe gikurikije ibiteganwa n’amategeko ariko ko rwamugabanyiriza ihazabu agahanishwa ingana na milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) nkuko amategeko abiteganya. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Ingabire Pélagie zidafite ishingiro kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’amategeko, ko ikibazo cy’ihazabu yasabye gukurirwaho ari ingingo nshya azanye mubujurire kuko itaburanishijweho murubanza rujuririrwa, ariko nyuma yo kumva imiburanire ya Ingabire, uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha, avuga ko yari yumvise nabi ibikubiye mu mwanzuro wa Ingabire ku bijyanye n’ihazabu, ko nyuma y’imiburanire ye, asanze icyo asaba ari ukugabanyirizwa ihazabu bityo akaba abona yarigabanyirizwa, agahanishwa iringana na milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [11] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Ingabire Pélagie akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuri uru rwego. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Ingabire Pélagie akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuri uru rwego [12] Ingabire Pélagie mu miburanire ye, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko mu rubanza ajuririra, Urukiko rutitaye kumpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze zirimo ko yemeye icyaha ndetse no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko rukamuhanisha igihano kiremereye. Asaba guhabwa ibihano bito agasanga abana be yasize badafite ubarera. [13] Me Uwimabera Béata, avuga ko ubwo yasuraga Ingabire Pélagie mu igororero, yamusobanuriye ko abona nta mpamvu anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru kuko igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) gikurikije ibiteganwa n’ingingo ya 2 agace ka

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(a) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023, ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko asanga hakurikijwe iyo ngingo agace ka (d), Urukiko rwamugabanyiriza ihazabu agahanishwa ingana na milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na INGABIRE Pélagie zidafite ishingiro kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’amategeko ariko ko asanga ihazabu yahanishijwe ryagabanywa, agahanishwa iringana na milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye kukumenya niba Ingabire Pélagie akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego, kuburyo yahanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ndetse no kugabanyirizwa ihazabu kugeza kuri milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [16] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [17] Naho ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rushobora kugabanya igihano kikajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku cyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwabitanzeho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye ku bantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi biteganywa n’ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu y’itegeko N° 68/2018, ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nkuko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, aho rwemeje ko abo bantu badashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw)1. Mu manza ziheruka gukurikiza uwo murongo harimo urubanza RPAA 00333/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngirinshuti Emmanuel2. [18] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 103, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere Ingabire Pélagie akurikiranwe ku

1 Reba igika cya 15 cy’urubanza RPAA 00364/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Harorimana Abel, igika cya 17 cy’urubanza No RPAA 00441/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyombabazi Anitha, n’izindi.

2 Reba igika cyarwo cya 15.

3 Reba urubanza RPA 00751/2021/HC/RWG.

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cyaha icyo aricyo cyose ndetse rushingiye no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw) aho kuba igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ndetse no ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugendeye kuri iyo ngingo nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 16, rurasanga igihano Ingabire Pélagie yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo kikaba kidakwiye kugabanywa. Rurasanga ariko hashingiwe kuriyo ngingo ya 2 agace ka (d) yagarutsweho, igihano gito cy’ihazabu giteganyirijwe icyo cyaha iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ari ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Bityo rero kuba itegeko rishya (N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023) ryasohotse urubanza rwa Ingabire Pélagie rutari rwaba itegeko, akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ihazabu yahanishijwe ringana na milioni icumi (10.000.000Frw) agahanishwa ihazabu rya milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [20] Hashingiwe kubimaze kuvugwa byose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyasabwe na Ingabire Pélagie ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), agahabwa gito, agasanga abana be badafite ubarera, ko Urukiko rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze rumuhanisha igihano kiremereye, nta shingiro bifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwaramugabanyirije igihano rushingiye kumpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 17, ahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15). III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ingabire Pélagie bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA00751/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 30/07/2024, ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’ihazabu Ingabire Pélagie yahanishijwe; [23] Ruhanishije Ingabire Pélagie, igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw); [24] Rutegetse ko Ingabire Pélagie asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.