UBUSHINJACYAHA vs IRADUKUNDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs IRADUKUNDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00295/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs IRADUKUNDA. [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00295/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi., P.J.) 28 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko Mpanabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ntabwo Urukiko rwagabanya igihano ngo rujye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu ku cyaha gihanishwa igihano ya burundu cyangwa ngo rujye munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu yateganirijwe icyo cyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ubushinjacyaha burega Iradukunda mu Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi icyaha cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi (gutunda), bunasaba ko ahamwa cyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu.Iradukunda yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe Atari urwe ahubwo ari umuntu wari urumuhaye ngo arumutwarire nk’umuti ko atari azi ko ari urumogi.Urukiko mu rubanza RP00392/2021/TGI/RSZ rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Iradukunda yakoze icyaha aregwa birimo imvugo z’uregwa ubwe n’izabangabuhamya, , rwemeza ko Iradukunda ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ikiyobyabwenge gihambaye cyo mu bwoko bw’urumogi; rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Iradukunda yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije igihano kinini kandi atarigeze arushya inzego z’ubutabera, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano, kandi igihano yahanishwa kigasubikwa. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ibyo Iradukunda asaba byo kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha nta shingiro bifite, kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha. Buvuga ariko n’ubwo yagabanyirijwe igihano, bitabuza urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kukigabanya hagendewe ku kigero cy’urumogi yafatanwe, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10. Urukiko mu rubanza RPA00014/2022/HC/RSZ rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Iradukunda gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, kuba yaraburanye acyemera, ku ngano y’urumogi yafatanwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshantu (5.000.000Frw). Iradukunda yajuririye na none imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yajuriye asaba ko igihano yahawe cyo gufungwa imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 5.000.000Frw, byagabanywa kubera ko yemeye icyaha yarezwe anagisabira imbabazi, akaba aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha abitewe n’ubukene. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu uregwa yashingiyeho ajurira nta shingiro zifite, kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gihano gito cyateganyirijwe icyaha kimuhama, iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Asaba ko icyo gihano kidahinduka. Urukiko mu rubanza RPAA00295/2024/CA rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Iradukunda nta shingiro bufite, ko igihano yahawe kitongera kugabanywa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Incamake y’icyemezo:Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ntabwo Urukiko rwagabanya igihano ngo rujye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu ku cyaha gihanishwa igihano ya burundu cyangwa ngo rujye munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu nto yateganirijwe icyo cyaha. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2

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Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263, Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza, RPAA00097/2024/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024 Urubanza RPAA00099/2024/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 16/12/2024, igika cya 19 Urubanza RPAA00436/2024/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bikorimana Jean Baptise rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 11/11/2021, Iradukunda Diane yafatiwe mu Mudugudu wa Rubeho, Akagari ka Shara, mu Murenge wa Muganza, Akarere ka Rusizi, Intara y’Iburengerazuba afite urumogi rw'ifu rungana na kimwe cya kabiri cy'ikiro (1/2kg) arukuye mu Murenge wa Bugarama arujyanye mu Murenge wa Muganza, akaba yarafashwe na Dasso witwa Gatete Théogene wari uhawe amakuru n'umuturage wigenderaga, amaze gufatwa ashyikirizwa y’inzego z’iperereza. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi (gutunda), bunasaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [3] Iradukunda Diane yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe hari uwari urumuhaye ngo arumutwarire nk’umuti ko atari azi ko ari urumogi. [4] Mu rubanza RP00392/2021/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Iradukunda Diane yakoze icyaha aregwa bikurikira: Imvugo ya Iradukunda Diane mu Bugenzacyaha yemera ko urumogi yafatanywe rungana n'icya kabiri cy'ikiro (1/2kg) yari arukuye mu Murenge wa Bugarama arujyanye mu Murenge wa Muganza; Imvugo ya Gatete Theogene uvuga ko ari we wafatanye uregwa urumongi; nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi yashyizeho umukono. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Iradukunda Diane ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ikiyobyabwenge gihambanye cyo mu bwoko bw’urumogi; rushingiye ku kuba nta kigaragaza ko icyaha yafatiwemo yaba yaragikize akamenyero, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [5] Iradukunda Diane yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije igihano gikakaye kandi atarigeze arushya inzego z’ubutabera, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe, kandi igihano yahanishwa kigasubikwa agahabwa amahirwe yo gusubira mu muryango nyarwanda no kurera abana yasize bonyine. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ibyo kuba Iradukunda Diane asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ashingiye ku kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha nta shingiro bifite, kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha. Yanavuze ko n’ubwo yagabanyirijwe igihano, bitabuza urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kukigabanya hagendewe ku kigero cy’urumogi yafatanwe, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10

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[7] Mu rubanza RPA00014/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 11/04/2024, rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Iradukunda Diane gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rusanga agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, kuba yaraburanye acyemera, ku ngano y’urumogi yafatanwe no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshantu (5.000.000Frw). [8] Iradukunda Diane yajuririye na none imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA00295/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/01/2025, Iradukunda Diane yunganiwe na Me Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Iradukunda Diane n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye asaba ko igihano yahawe cyo gufungwa imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 5.000.000Frw, byagabanywa kubera ko yemeye icyaha yarezwe anagisabira imbabazi, akaba aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha abitewe n’ubukene. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga impamvu uregwa yashingiyeho ajurira nta shingiro zifite, kuko igihano yahawe cyo gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 5,000,000Frw aribyo bihano bito umushingamategeko yateganyirije icyaha kimuhama iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Asaba ko icyo gihano kidahinduka. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Iradukunda Diane yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano IRADUKUNDA Diane yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [12] Iradukunda Diane n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye kuko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi yarusobanuriye ko yakoze icyaha kubera ubukene no kuba umugabo yaramutanye abana ariko rurabyirengagiza rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Basaba ko ibyo bihano byagabanywa kubera ko yemeye icyaha yarezwe mu nzego zose, anagisabira imbabazi, kandi akaba aribwo bwa mbere yari aguye mu cyaha yakoze abitewe n’ubukene buvanze n’ubujiji kuko uwamutumye yari yamubwiye ko ari umuti, aza kumenya ko ari urumogi ari uko afashwe. Banasaba ko Urukiko rubisuzuma rushingiye ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ndetse n’iya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange akaganyirizwa igihano, agasanga abana yasize kuko se yabataye. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu Iradukunda Diane ashingiraho ajurira agamije kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro zifite, kuko kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, Urukiko rwabishingiyeho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, rumugabanyiriza ibihano, ahanishwa gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Anavuga ko ibyo bihano bitakongera kugabanywa kuko ku cyaha cyamuhamye, ubusanzwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ari cyo bihano gito umushingamategeko yateganyije iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ku byerekeranye no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa

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30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu buryo bukurikira : “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“; (…), (d) “igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [15] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri iyo ngingo, imanza zitandukanye rwaciye ku bantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi biteganywa kandi bigahanwa n’ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu1, rwemeje ko badashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw)2 . Mu manza ziheruka gukurikiza uwo murongo harimo nk’urubanza RPAA00436/2024/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 21/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bikorimana Jean Baptise3. [16] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 21 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, nyuma yo gusanga Iradukunda Diane ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ikiyobyabwenge gihambanye cyo mubwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko, kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha no ku ngano y’urumogi rungana n’inusu (1/2 kg) yafatanwe, runashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo wibukijwe mu gika cya 15, Iradukunda Diane yaragabanyijwe igihano n’Urukiko Rukuru, ahabwa igihano gito kitagibwa munsi cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw kandi kikaba gihuje uburemere n’icyaha yakoze cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Ibi bivuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, bityo urubanza RPA00014/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 11/04/2024 rukaba rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Iradukunda Diane nta shingiro bufite; [19] Rwemeje Ko Urubanza RPA00014/2022/HC/RSZ, Rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko Rwa Rusizi Ku Wa 11/04/2024 Rudahindutse; [20] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kidahindutse; [21] Rutegetse ko Iradukunda Diane asonerwa gutanga amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunzwe.

1Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: (1o) igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. 2 Reba igika cya 17 cy’ urubanza, RPAA00097/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase, igika cya 17 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nkebukande Claver, igika cya 19 cy’urubanza RPAA00099/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 16/12/2024 Ubushinjacyaha na Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre n’izindi. 3 Reba igika cya 15 cy’urwo rubanza.