UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IRADUKUNDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IRADUKUNDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA00516/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IRADUKUNDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00516/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, J. P.) 30 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 5000000Frw. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubwo hakorwaga umukwabu mu Murenge wa Mayange, kubufatanye bw’abaturage n’inzego z’umutekano, Iradukunda bamusanganye udupfunyika 28, arafatwa ashyishyirizwa Ubugenzacyaha, nabwo bumushyikiriza Ubushinjacyaha. Uyu yarezwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, Ubushinjacyaha bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, akagihanirwa. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha ashinjwa, ariko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeza ko kimuhama rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye bigaragaza ko yagikoze, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 20.000.000Frw. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru akomeza guhakana icyaha aregwa ko atagikoze, ariko nyuma akora indi myanzuro y’inyongera yemera ko yagikoze, abisabira imbabazi, asaba ko bishingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubwo bujurire buvuga ko nta shingiro bufite, kuko ukwemera icyaha mu bujurire atari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ziteganywa n’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Ubujurire bw’Uregwa budafite ishingiro kuko kwemera icyaha mu bujurire nta kamaro byamugirira, ariko rusanga mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, nko kuba yarafatanywe ingano ntoya y’urumogi no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10000000Frw. Uregwa ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo, akijuririra muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2), ashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko aribwo bwa mbere yarakoze icyaha, akagikora akiva mu bwana afite imyaka 20 y’amavuko, kuba yarafatanywe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge, kuba yemera icyaha aregwa, anagisabira imbabazi kandi ubu akaba amaze no kugororoka. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Uregwa yarangije kugabanyirizwa igihano, kuko cyavuye ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 yari hanishijijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, kigera ku myaka 15 mu rubanza rujuririrwa, bityo akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko yahanishijwe igihano gito giteganyijwe ku cyaha aregwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 5000000Frw. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 59 n’iya 60.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00124/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Barampama Joseph, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/12/2024. RPAA00245/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Muhawenimana Jacques rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. RPAA01248/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Mukabisangwa Claudette rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025. RPAA00391/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Jean de Dieu, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/02/2025. RPAA00538/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2024/CA. RPAA00157/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Munyaribanje Vincent rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 22/12/2023. RPAA00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Mayange, kubufatanye n’abaturage n’inzego z’umutekano, bakoze umukwabu mu bantu bakekwaho gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, Ku wa 13/10/2019, uwitwa CPL Nshimiyimana Augustin ajyana n’undi muturage kwa Iradukunda Gaudence bihinduye abaguzi, uyu abagurisha udupfunyika tubiri (2) tw’urumogi, bamwishyura amafaranga igihumbi (1.000Frw), nibwo bamusabaga kubereka urumogi rwose abitse, abereka udupfunyika 28, ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, akagihanirwa. [3] Iradukunda Gaudence, yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, asobanura ko urumogi, udupfunyika 28 rwafashwe atari urwe, ko ari urw’umukoresha we yakoreraga mu kabari, avuga ko yabonye abantu baje muri ako kabari bafata igikapu cyarimo urumogi cyazanywe n’umukoresha we, uyu akaba atari ahari, aba ariwe bajyana kuri polisi bamubwira ko batamurekura umukoresha we atabonetse. [4] Mu rubanza RP01439/2019/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe ku wa 30/12/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bihamya Iradukunda Gaudence icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi bigizwe no kwemera icyaha kwe abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha, agasobanura n’uburyo acuruza urumogi, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja kurucuruza ndetse n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi udupfunyika 28 Iradukunda Gaudence yashyizeho umukono. Rubishingiraho, rwemeza ko Iradukunda Gaudence ahamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [5] Iradukunda Gaudence yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yari yajuriye ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi ariko nyuma akora indi myanzuro y’inyongera yemera icyaha anasaba ko bishingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, asobanura ko yabitewe n’ubukene aho yagiye gushaka akazi kwa Minani atazi ko acuruza urumogi yisanga abikorana n’akandi kazi, aza gufatwa n’inzego z’umutekano kuko bari basanzwe bazi ko hacururizwa urumogi. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu ze z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro kuko ukwemera icyaha mu bujurire atari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 59 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, busaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe.

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[7] Mu rubanza RPA00083/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 13/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire za Iradukunda Gaudence, rwasanze impamvu ze z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro kuko kwemera icyaha mu bujurire nta kamaro byamugirira, ariko rusanga mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi ndetse no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu Butabera mu buryo buzwi, akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Rushingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ibihano, ruhanisha Iradukunda Gaudence igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000Frw. [8] Iradukunda Gaudence, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA01328/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 14/10/2025, Iradukunda Gaudence yunganiwe na Me Musasangohe Illuminée, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bideri Diogène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, Iradukunda Gaudence na Me Musasangohe Illumineé umwunganira, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2), bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko aribwo bwa mbere yarakoze icyaha kandi akaba yaragikoze akiva mu bwana afite imyaka 20 y’amavuko ndetse no kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge, kandi ubu akaba amaze kugororoka, yemera icyaha aregwa, anagisabira imbabazi. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Iradukunda Gaudence zidafite ishingiro kuko Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwamugabanyirije igihano, kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 kijya kuri 15, kikaba aricyo gihano gito ku cyaha giteganyirijwe igihano cya burundu. Busaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [11] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Iradukunda Gaudence akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Iradukunda Gaudence akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano [12] Iradukunda Gaudence na Me Musasangohe Illumineé basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano ndetse n’ihazabu yahanishijwe, agahabwa bito, kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bagaragaje. Basobanura ko yashutswe n’umukoresha we, bituma agwa mu cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ko ahawe amahirwe agasohoka mu igororero atakongera kwemera gushukwa ngo agwe mu byaha. [13] Bakomeza basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2) bashingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA00124/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/12/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Barampama Joseph (igika cya 19-20), aho Urukiko rwagabanyirije uregwa ibihano kuko yari yarakoze icyaha akiva mu bwana atarabona ubunararibonye buhagije bwamufasha kwirinda kugwa mu byaha ndetse no kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi. [14] Banashingira ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00245/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Muhawenimana Jacques, aho Urukiko rwamugabanyirije ibihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere akora icyaha kandi akaba yari akiva mu bugimbi kuko yakoze icyaha afite imyaka 20 y’amavuko. [15] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Iradukunda Gaudence yagabanyirijwe ibihano bityo ko adakwiriye kongera kubigabanyirizwa bushingiye ku mu rongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00538/2024/CA,

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rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2024/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude11. [16] Ku bijyanye n’imanza yasabye gushingiraho agabanyirizwa ibihano, Ubushinjacyaha busanga zitashingirwaho bushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00157/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyaribanje Vincent2. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Impaka kuri iyi ngingo, zishingiye kukumenya niba Iradukunda Gaudence akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego, kuburyo yahanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), akagabanyirizwa n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000Frw, yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragaje. [17] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [18] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba umuntu wahamijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyakemuwe mu rubanza RPAA00391/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/02/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Jean de Dieu, aho urwo rukiko rwemeje ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu3 (5.000.000Frw), bishingiye kandi ku biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Mu manza zakurikije uwo murongo harimo n’urubanza RPAA01248/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mukabisangwa Claudette4. [19] Mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, rwagabanyirije Iradukunda Gaudence ibihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigaragara mu gika cya 7 cy’uru rubanza, rushingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw) aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye.

1 Busobanura ko muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwemeje ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. 2 Busobanura ko Urukiko mu gika cya 26 cy’urwo rubanza rwasanze mu kugena igihano muri urwo rubana rudashobora gushingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/SC n’urubanza RPAA00032/2019/CA kimwe n’izindi manza zagendeye muri uwo murongo kuko izo manza zaciwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iyo ngingo ikababa yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. 3 Reba igika cya 30. 4 Reba igika cyarwo cya 23.

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[20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ndetse no ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugendeye kuri iyo ngingo nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 18 cy’uru rubanza, rurasanga igihano Iradukunda Gaudence yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo kikaba kidakwiye kugabanywa. [21] Rurasanga ariko rushingiye kuriyo ngingo ya 2 ivuzwe mu gika kibanzira iki, agace kayo ka b, ntacyari kubuza Urukiko Rukuru kugabanyiriza Iradukunda Gaudence ihazabu kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) rushingiye kuriyo ngingo ndetse no ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwashingiyeho rumugabanyiriza ibihano nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 7 cy’uru rubanza. [22] Rurasanga rero, rushingiye kuriyo ngingo ya 2, agace ka b, hamwe n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zagaragajwe mu gika cya 7 cy’uru rubanza, Iradukunda Gaudence akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ihazabu, akaba ahanishijwe ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [23] N’aho ku bijyanye n’ubusabe bwa Iradukunda Gaudence n’umwunganira, ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), agahabwa gito kiri munsi y’icyo yahanishijwe kingana n’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri, bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, ndetse no ku manza bagaragaje mu gika cya 13-14 cy’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, rumuhanisha igihano gito gishoboka, kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15) hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Uru Rukiko wagarutsweho mu gika cya 18 cy’uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Iradukunda Gaudence bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA00083/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 13/11/2024, ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’ihazabu Iradukunda Gaudence yahanishijwe. [26] Rutegetse ko Iradukunda Gaudence ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw).