UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IRADUKUNDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IRADUKUNDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00459/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IRADUKUNDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00459/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kongera kugabanya igihano mu bujurire – Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21 000 000 Frw. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw, rutegeka kandi ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. Iradukunda yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko nubwo ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha, yiyemeje kucyemera mu bujurire kugira ngo bibe byashingirwaho agabanyirizwe igihano. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw) rushingiye ku kuba yari akoze icyaha bwa mbere. Iradukunda yajuririye kandi Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru agahabwa igihano gito Itegeko riteganya kandi kigasubikwa. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano mu buryo bukwiye kandi bukurikije amategeko, ko ariko Urukiko rusanze bikwiye rwamugabanyiza igihano kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixtealias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; RPA 0129/10/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Mpitabakana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014; RPAA 00424/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 10/07/2021, inzego z’umutekano zafatanye Ndagiwenimana Athanase urumogi rungana n’ibiro bine (4) avuga ko yaruhawe na Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney ngo arumutwaze ku gihembo cya 5.000 Frw, bombi batangira gukurikiranwa n’inzego z’iperereza. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwabareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi rushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo zabo, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, inyandikomvugo y’ifatira, rubasabira guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). [3] Ndagiwenimana Athanase yaburanye yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi ariko ko rwari urwa Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney, naho Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney aburana ahakana icyaha. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 01005/2021/TGI/NGOMA ku wa 30/07/2021, rusanga hari ibimenyetso bibahamya ibyaha bakurikiranweho bigizwe n’imvugo za Ndagiwenimana Athanase wemeye ko yafatanwe ibiro bine (4) by’urumogi akavuga ko rwari urwa Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney yari amutwaje, ubuhamya bw’abafashe Ndagiwenimana Athanase bavuze ko bamufashe agahita ahisha igikapu cyarimo urumogi cy’uwitwa Cyinyo, akababwira ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwa Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney, ko kandi barebye muri telephone ya Iradukunda bagasanga yavuganye na Cyinyo yanamwoherereje amafaranga, n’ubuyobozi bukaba bwaremeje ko bari basanzwe ku rutonde rw’abacuruza urumogi. [5] Ku birebana n’ibihano, rwasanze kuba ari ubwa mbere Iradukunda akurikiranweho icyaha naho Ndagiwenimana akaba yaremeye icyaha aregwa byababera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, maze rwemeza ko bombi badahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ko ahubwo Ndagiwenimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’umwaka umwe (1), ko Iradukunda ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw, rutegeka kandi ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa.

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[6] Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko nubwo ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha, yiyemeje kucyemera mu bujurire kugira ngo bibe byashingirwaho agabanyirizwe igihano. [7] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko kwemera icyaha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bitaba impamvu yatuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano, ko ahubwo hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [8] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 01048/2021/HC/RWG ku wa 30/05/2024, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/20221, uvuga ko kwemera icyaha mu bujurire bitagirira uregwa akamaro, rwasanze kwemera icyaha kwa Iradukunda mu rwego rw’ubujurire bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko ariko cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi, kikagabanywa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu kwanzura rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw). [9] Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00459/2024/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 09/01/2025, uwo munsi ruburanishwa Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney yunganiwe na Me Rugeyo Jean, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru agahabwa igihano gito Itegeko riteganya kandi kigasubikwa. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano mu buryo bukwiye kandi bukurikije amategeko, ko ariko Urukiko rusanze bikwiye rwamugabanyiza igihano kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu. [12] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igihano Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA

Kumenya niba igihano Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa kandi kigasubikwa. [13] Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire yatanze bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw) kuko Urukiko rwirengagije ko ubwo yakoraga icyaha yari ataragira ubunararibonye kuko yari afite imyaka makumyabiri kandi ari umunyeshuri, ko kandi yishoye mu cyaha kubw’amaburakindi kuko se yari yarabataye naho nyina atwite, ko rero igihano yahawe cyakongera kikagabanywa kugeza ku gihano gito gishoboka, hashingiwe ku biteganywa

1 Haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUNYEMANA Ericalias Nyinya

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n’ingingo ya 49 n’iya 60 z’Itegeko Nº 068/2028 ryo ku wa 30/08/2028 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nkuko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, icyo gihano kandi kigasubikwa kugira ngo ahabwe amahirwe yo guzasubira mu ishuri. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney nta shingiro zifite, kuko impamvu ashingiraho y’uko yari ataragira ubunararibonye kubera imyaka yari afite, atayiburanishije mu rubanza rujuririrwa, bikaba rero bitaba inenge ku rubanza yajuririye, ko n’ibindi ashingiraho ntakibigaragaza usibye ko niyo byaba ari ukuri atabyitwaza kuko abana bose batawe n‘ababyeyi batishora mu byaha, ko ariko Urukiko rusanze bikwiye rwamugabanyiza igihano kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu, naho isubikagihano asaba akaba adakwiye kurihabwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw) Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney cyakongera kugabanywa kandi kigasubikwa. [16] Ku byerekeye kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. [17] Naho mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, Urukiko rwemeje ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa igihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo cyakozwemo, uyu murongo ukaba warakurikijwe no mu zindi manza zaciwe nyuma, nk’urubanza RPAA 00424/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim. [18] Nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyirije Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney igihano yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere rukivana ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw) rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw), rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, icyo gihano akaba ari cyo asaba ko cyakongera kikagabanywa. [19] Bigaragara kandi ko mu kugabanya icyo gihano, Urukiko rwashingiye ku ngingo ya ingingo ya 2, (a) na (d) y’itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ivuga ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye

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munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [20] Urukiko rurasanga byumvikana ko mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rwubahirije ibiteganywa n’Itegeko harebwe ko icyaha Iradukunda yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko itarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), icyo gihano kikaba cyarashoboraga kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, mu kugabanyiriza igihano Iradukunda, hatarabayeho gukoresha nabi itegeko, cyane cyane ko rutari rutegetswe kumugabanyiriza kugeza ku gihano gito Itegeko riteganya iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha, bikagaragara kandi ko hatabayeho gukoresha nabi ubushishozi bwarwo harebwe cyane cyane ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yarezwe (ibiro bine), bityo igihano yahawe kikaba ari cyo kigomba kugumaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 01048/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/05/2024, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) n’ihazabu ingana na mlriyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw), idahindutse; [24] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta, kuko Iradukunda Jean Marie Vianney afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.