UBUSHINJACYAHA v IYAKAREMYE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v IYAKAREMYE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00619/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v IYAKAREMYE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00619/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 17 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano - Uregwa wajuririye gusa kugabanyirizwa igihano - Iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko; ariko ko Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Iyakaremye yaketsweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 16, amutera inda, arafatwa atangira gukurikiranwa. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, aburana yemera icyo cyaha, urukiko rushingiye ku kwemera kwe, ku mvugo z’uwakorewe icyaha ndetse no ku bimenyetso bya gihanga (DNA), rwasanze uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko atagabanyirijwe bihagije, asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa ndetse kikanasubikwa. Urukiko rwasanze ibyo asaba bimwe bifite ishingiro, rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Uregwa yakomeje kutanyurwa ajuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa gihano. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. Avuga ko atigeze agora ubutabera kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha ndetse n’uwakorewe icyaha na we akaba agaragaza ko nta bushobozi afite bwo kurera umwana babyaranye bityo agasaba ko yababarirwa akarekurwa akajya kumufasha kurera umwana. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite kuko uregwa yagabanyirijwe icyaha ku buryo buhagije bityo akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko; ariko ko umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe:

## Page 2

RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; RPAA 00185/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Uwizeyimana Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025; RPAA 00752/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayambaje Eugène rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mugemana Uzia yatanze ikirego mu Bugenzacyaha avuga ko Iyakaremye Anastase yasambanyije umwana we w’umukobwaw’imyaka 17 wahawe izina rya I.R. muri uru rubanza ndetse amutera inda, uwo mwana nawe abajijwe avuga ko yamusambanyije mu kwezi kwa 08/2020 ubwo yabaga yagiye iwe ngo amusengere, amutera inda, nyuma arafatwa atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku mvugo z’uwo mwana wasobanuye ko yamusambayije mu bihe bitandukanye guhera mu kwezi kwa 08/2020 anamutera inda, n’ikimenyetso cya DNA kigaragaza ko umwana yabyaye afitanye isano na Iyakaremye Anastase, bumusabira guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [3] Iyakaremye Anastase yahakanye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza, no mu Rukiko atangira kuburana agihakana ariko yeretswe raporo ya DNA igaragaza ko umwana wabyawe na I.R ari uwe, ahita yemera icyaha asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RP 01720/2021/TGI/GSBO ku wa 30/06/2022, rusanga hari ibimenyetso bihamya ko Iyakaremye Anastase yakoze icyaha akurikiranweho, birimo raporo ya DNA igaragaza ko umwana wabyawe na I.R ari uwe ku kigero cya 99.9999%, abatangabuhamya barimo ababyeyi ba I.R bemeje ko Iyakaremye Anastase yavugaga ko asengera I.R ariko ari uburyo bwo kugira ngo azajye amusambanya, n’icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko I.R yari afite imyaka 16 ubwo yasambanywaga, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [5] Iyakaremye Anastase yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe kuko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, anasaba ko cyasubikwa akajya kurera umwana we. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko kuba Itegeko ryashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere ryarahindutse, hashingirwa ku Itegeko rishya Iyakaremye Anastase agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12). [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RPA 01033/2022/HC/KIG ku wa 05/06/2024, rushingira ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00752/2021/CA rwaciwe ku

## Page 3

wa 28/02/2024 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayambaje Eugène1, rusanga kuba Iyakaremye yaremeye icyaha kuva ku rwego rwa mbere akagisabira imbabazi, yakongera akagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko N°068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kuko nk’uko nawe abivuga icyaha yakoze cyateje ingaruka, bitewe n’uko umwana yasambanyije yabyaye undi mwana kandi akiri muto, bituma aba umubyeyi imburagihe anahagarika kwiga kubera guhohoterwa n’uwihishe inyuma y’icyizere yamugiriye avuga ko amusengera. Rwasanze kandi atasubikirwa igihano kuko icyo ahanishijwe Itegeko ritemera ko cyasubikwa. [8] Iyakaremye Anastase yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri Nº RPAA 00619/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 07/10/2025 yunganiwe na Me Shema T. Gerard, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Iyakaremye Anastase n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajurijwe n’uko Urukiko rwamuhanishije igihano kirekire, bakaba basaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko igihano Iyakaremye Anastase yahawe kitakongera kugabanywa kuko yagabanyirijwe mu buryo buhagije. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Iyakaremye Anastase yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA

Kumenya niba Iyakaremye Anastase yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [12] Iyakaremye Anastase n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajurijwe no gusaba Urukiko kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko n’ubwo yagabanyirijwe, inyungu yabonye mu kwemera icyaha zidahagije, ko Urukiko rwibanze ku mpamvu nkomezacyaha ntirwasuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yarugaragarije zirimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha, bityo akaba atararuhije ubutabera. [13] Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko rwirengagije ubusabe bw’uwo yasambanyije n’ibibazo yagaragaje birebanana n’uko nta bushobozi afite bwo kurera umwana, akaba rero yahabwa imbabazi kugira ngo ajye kumufasha kurera uwo mwana nk’uko nawe yagaragaje ko yari asanzwe amufasha, ko rero Urukiko rwakwita cyane cyane ku burenganzira bw’umwana bwo kurerwa n’ababyeyi bombi. Banavuga ko mu kugabanya igihano hatashingirwa ku manza bagaragaje mu

1 N’ubwo mu manza nshinjabyaha ihame ari uko Urukiko rukurikiza Itegeko ryorohereza uregwa, ko ku birebana no kugabanya igihano, n’ubwo Itegeko ryaba riteganya ibihano byoroheje, Urukiko rudahita rumuha igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko rishya, ahubwo rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo rugatanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe.

## Page 4

mwanzuro batanze ahubwo hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko n°068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, n’ingingo ya 49 na 50 z’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa. [14] Uhagararaiye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Iyakaremye nta shingiro ifite, kuko Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano kiva mu myaka 20 kigezwa ku myaka 15 rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko iyo hari hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza, igihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito; ko iyo ngingo iha umucamanza uburenganzira bwo kugabanya igihano ariko itamutegeka kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito, ahubwo iteganya ko ashobora kugabanya ariko ntarenze ½ cy’igihano gito, ko rero kuba Urukiko rwaragabanyije rukageza ku myaka 15, nta kosa rwakoze, kuko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, hari ibyo umucamanza ashingiraho atanga igihano birimo uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka cyateje n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemm, kandi Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye uburyo icyaha cyakozwe cyateje ingaruka ku mwana wasambanyijwe. [15] Avuga kandi ko ikibazo cy’uko umuburanyi wagabanyirijwe igihano atongera kugabanyirizwa mu bujurire cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, wakomeje gukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe nyuma harimo urubanza Nº RPAA 00220/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukeshimana Vedaste, ko ndetse Iyakaremye n’umwunganira batagaragaza niba Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano, ko rero kuba batagaragaza inenge iri mu rubanza rujuririrwa, hagumaho imikirize yarwo.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Iyakaremye Anastase yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [17] Ikibazo cy’uregwa wajuririye gusa kugabanyirizwa igihano, cyatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasobanuye ko iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano.2

2 Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu zindi manza za vuba, harimo urubanza Nº RPAA 00185/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana Uwizeyimana Emmanuel.

## Page 5

[18] Nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza, Iyakaremye Anastase yabanje guhakaba icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza ndetse atangira kuburana ku rwego rwa mbere ahakana, ariko yeretswe DNA igaragaza ko umwana wabyawe n’uwo ashinjwa gusambanya ari uwe, yemera icyaha anasaba imbabazi, Urukiko nyuma yo gusanga hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyo cyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumabiri (20). [19] Iyakaremye Anastase yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, urwo Rukiko rusanga hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigizwe no kuba yaremeye icyaha ku rwego rwa mbere akanagisabira imbabazi, rubishingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku myaka 15, rusobanura ko impamvu rutanze icyo gihano ari uko icyaha yakoze cyateje ingaruka, kuko umwana yasambanyije yabaye umubyeyi imburagihe anahagarika kwiga kubera guhohoterwa n’uwihishe inyuma y’icyizere yamugiriye avuga ko amusengera, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [20] Bigaragara ko mu kugena igihano Iyakaremye akwiye guhabwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwarabishingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha no ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko n°068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu bushishozi bwarwo rusanga akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, runasobanura impamvu rugennye icyo gihano nk’uko zibukijwe mu gika kibanziriza iki. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Iyakaremye n’umwunganira batagaragaza ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano haba harabayeho gukoresha nabi Itegeko, kuko n’ubwo ingingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko igifungo gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, ni ukuvuga igifungo cy’imyaka 10 ku birebana n’icyaha cyahamye Iyakaremye, Umucamanza adategetswe kugabanya kugeza kuri icyo gihano gito ahubwo agabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwe arebye uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo agatanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00752/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayambaje Eugène. [22] Urukiko rurasanga kandi Iyakaremye n’umwunganira batagaragaza ko Urukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi ubushishozi bwarwo, kuko badahakana ko icyaha cyamuhamye cyagize ingaruka ku mwana wasambanyijwe zirimo kuba yaratewe inda akiri muto bigatuma agira inshingano zo kuba umubyeyi imburagihe kandi nawe yari agikeneye kurerwa no kwitabwaho, akanahagarika amashuri ye nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye, izo ngaruka kandi zikaba zitakurwaho n’uko Iyakaremye yitaga ku mwana wavutse nk’uko abivuga. [23] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Iyakaremye yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, cyane cyane ko bigaragara ko kiri hasi y’icyatanzwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko hakurikizwa Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko nko mu rubanza nº RPAA 00253/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabahimana Christophe wakoze icyaha ari mu kigero kimwe na Iyakaremye Anastase kuko yari afite imyaka 36,3 nawe wasambanyije umwana

3 Iyakaremye Anastase yari afite imyaka 38

## Page 6

w’imyaka 16 akanamutera inda, Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). [24] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Iyakaremye Anastase yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’ URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Iyakaremye Anastase nta shingiro bufite; [26] Rwemeje ko urubanza No RPA 01033/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/06/2024 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [27] Rutegetse ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Iyakaremye Anastase yahanishijwe kigumyeho.