UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IYAKAREMYE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IYAKAREMYE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-04-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00765/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IYAKAREMYE Laurien [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00765/2021/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 28 Mata 2021] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Kugabanya igihano igihe impamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite – Mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye nta cyabuza umucamanza kugabanya igihano kabone nubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zitahabwa ishingiro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Ubushinjacyaha burega Iyakaremye icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo, buvuga ko yasanganywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 41 yarabitse iwe mu rugo, uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nuko rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu ya miriyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000F). Uregwa yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza yajuririye kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku rwego rwa mbere. Uregwa yarongeye ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi ntawe yarugurishije nta n’ubimushinja, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi, kandi akagabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko uregwa nta nenge agaragaza ku rubanza ajuririra kuko yahamijwe icyaha yemera ko yakoze, ko atagabanyirizwa igihano kuko byakozwe ahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye nta cyabuza umucamanza kugabanya igihano kabone nubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zitahabwa ishingiro, bityo uregwa ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) gisimbura igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) yari yarahanishijwe Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite; Urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49 n’iya 58. Itegeko N°027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 181.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: BRD Ltd v. Mbuto N’undi, RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018. Ubushinjacyaha v. Dukuzumuremyi, RPAA 00338/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/06/2021. Ubushinjacyaha v. Shakabatenda, RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021. Ubushinjacyaha v. Nsengimana, RPAA 00182/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/11/2022. Ubushinjacyaha v. Nsabimana alias Sankara Et. Al, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Ubushinjacyaha v. Habineza, RPAA 00550/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/02/2023. Ubushinjacyaha v. Maniragaba, RPAA 00303/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/2/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Ubushinjacyaha burega Iyakaremye Laurien icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo, buvuga ko ku wa 01/10/2019 ubwo inzego z'umutekano za police n'abasirikare bari mu gikorwa cyo gusaka abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bagiye mu rugo rw’uwitwa Iyakaremye Laurien ku makuru bahawe n’abaturage ko acuruza urumogi, bamusangana urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 41 yarabitse iwe mu rugo arafatwa atangira gukurikiranwa. Iyakaremye Laurien yaburanye yemera icyaha. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00388/2019/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe kuwa 21/11/2019, Urukiko rwaregewe ku rwego rwa mbere rwemeje ko Iyakaremye Laurien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu ya miriyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000F). Mu kumuhamya icyaha, urukiko rwashingiye ku kuba yemera icyaho no ku mvugo z’umutangabuhamya Uwitonze James wemeza ko Iyakaremye Laurien yafatanwe urumogi udupfunyika 41. [3] Iyakaremye Laurien yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Mu rubanza RPA 00072/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2021, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza yajuririye kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku rwego rwa mbere.

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[4] Iyakaremye Laurien yajuririye iyo mikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi ntawe yarugurishije nta n’ubimushinja, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi, kandi akagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, kuko yari asanzwe yitwara neza nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cy’imyitwarire myiza cyatanzwe kuwa 22/05/2022 n’Ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Runyombyi atuyemo. [5] Mu mwanzuro w’inyongera watanzwe na Me Umugwaneza Diane avuga ko nyuma y’uko Iyakaremye Laurien ajuriye, baganiriye bakemeranywa ko impamvu y’ubujurire urukiko rwasuzuma iba kugabanyirizwa igihano gusa kuko yemera icyaha nk’uko yacyemeye kuva yafatwa n’imbere y’Urukiko kugeza mu Rukiko Rukuru. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bugaragaza ko Iyakaremye Laurien yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi kandi ko yanaburanye yiyemerera icyaha, ahanishwa gufungwa imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw, buvuga ko Iyakaremye Laurien nta nenge agaragaza ku rubanza ajuririra kuko yahamijwe icyaha yemera ko yakoze, ko atagabanyirizwa igihano kuko byakozwe ahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 05/04/2023, Iyakaremye Laurien yunganiwe na Me RWIMO Clotilde, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Siboyintore Jean Bosco, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. Iburanisha ripfundikiwe, ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 26/04/2023. Uyu munsi isomwa ry’urubanza ryimurirwa ku wa 29/04/2023. [8] Impaka mu iburanisha ry’urubanza zigaragaza ko ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa mu rubanza ari ukumenya niba Iyakaremye Laurien yagabanyirizwa igihano nyuma yo kureka impamvu z’ubujurire yari yatanze ahakana icyaha aregwa. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ ISESENGURWA RYACYO Kumenya niba Iyakaremye Laurien yagabanyirizwa igihano nyuma yo kureka impamvu z’ubujurire yari yatanze ahakana icyaha aregwa [9] Mu iburanisha ry’urubanza, Iyakaremye Laurien asaba ko umwanzuro we wavanwaho kuko yajuriye adasobanukiwe iby’amategeko, Urukiko rugaha agaciro umwanzuro wakozwe n’umwunganira akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko kuva yafatwa n’imbere y’inkiko yemeye icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge agisabira imbabazi, anagaragaza n’uwamuhaye urwo rumogi ariko Inkiko ntizabiha agaciro, zimuhanisha igihano kirekire kandi yari asanzwe yitwara neza akaba yaranafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 41 gusa. [10] Me Rwimo Clotilde umwunganira avuga ko uwo yunganira atakamba asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru ari birebire kandi yeremeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi n’imbere y’urukiko ku rwego rwa mbere. Asaba ko Urukiko rwashingira ku rubanza no RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, no ku rubanza RPAA 00013/2020/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habiyakare Olivier, muri izo manza uwajuriye akaba yarahawe

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igihano kiri munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko kandi kikajya munsi y’igihano yahanishijwe, rukanashingira no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 na 59 z’itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rishyiraho ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, akagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yicujije kandi yamaze kubona ububi bw’icyaha yakoze, akajya gufatanya n’abandi kubaka igihugu aho kukibera umuzigo. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Iyakaremye Laurien yemeye icyaha koko ariko ko byashingiyewe agabanyirizwa igihano, ko rero nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije agahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Buvuga ko busanga Iyakaremye yaragabanyirijwe bihagije kandi akaba atari itegeko ko umucamanza agabanya akajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, ko mu gihe nta tegeko bagaragaza ryishwe kandi n’imanza bagaragaza zitavuga ko umucamanza ategetswe kugabanya igihano, uretse ko no mukugabanya harebwa ingaruka icyaha cyateje kandi urumogi ruteza ingaruka nyinshi. Basoza basaba ko Urukiko rwashingira ku rubanza ruyoboye izindi kuri iki kibazo RPA 0249/13/SC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo Emmanuel, urubanza rwajuririwe rukagumaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA 1. Ku birebana n’ingingo z’ubujurire zitanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byo kujurira [12] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uwajuriye ashobora kugira ingingo z’ubujurire atanga nyuma y’igihe cyagenewe kujurira, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n⁰ RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS1, rusobanura ko mu bigomba kuba mu nyandiko y’ubujurire harimo n’impamvu z’ubujurire zigaragaza inenge uwajuriye asaba ko zikosorwa n’ibisobanuro by’uburyo zakosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso, n’igisabwa urukiko rwajuririwe, runavuga ko ingingo yose itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, itagomba kwakirwa kuko iba itubahirije ibihe byateganyirijwe ubujurire. Uyu murongo w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga akaba ari nawo Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagendeyemo mu manza zitandukanye zirimo urubanza Nº RPAA 00338/2020/CA2. [13] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Iyakaremye Laurien yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 06/12/2021, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi aho kuba kurucuruza kuko nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko yari umucuruzi w’urumogi, kandi akagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, akaba kandi yari asanzwe yitwara neza. Ku wa 23/02/2023 umwunganira atanga undi mwanzuro avuga ko yaganiriye na Iyakaremye bameranya ko impamvu y’ubujurire urukiko rwasuzuma ari ukugabanyirizwa igihano gusa kuko yemera icyaha nk’uko yacyemeye kuva yafatwa n’imbere y’Urukiko mu nkiko zabanje ndetse agahanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’igito Itegeko riteganya. Mu iburanisha ry’urubanza Iyakaremye Laurien akaba yaravuze ko umwanzuro we wateshwa agaciro hagahabwa agaciro uwakozwe n’umwunganira. 1 Urubanza n RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018 haburana BRD Ltd na ⁰ MBUTO Aimable na Mukangabire Pacifique. 2 Reba igika cya 18 n’icya 21 cy’ urubanza Nº RPAA 00338/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/06/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dukuzumuremyi Jean Bosco.

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[14] Urukiko rurasanga, ingingo y’ubujurire Iyakaremye Laurien yatanze mu mwanzuro w’inyongera wo ku wa 23/02/2023, itagomba kwakirwa kuko yatanzwe ibihe byo kujurira byararenze kandi ingingo yose ijuririra urubanza yaragombye kuba yaratanzwe mu gihe cy’iminsi 30 ibarwa kuva ku munsi urubanza rwaciriweho3, ikaba ituzuza cyangwa se ngo isobanure ingingo yatanze mbere ajurira. Ibi bikaba bivuze ko ubujurire yatanze nta shingiro bufite kuko ntacyo yanengaga urubanza yajuririye 2. Ku birebana no kuba Iyakaremye Laurien yagabanyirizwa igihano [15] Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. [16] Ingingo ya 58, igika cya mbere (1), y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umucamanza ubwe ariwe we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro’’. [17] Urukiko rusanga kuba Urukiko rwajuririwe rushobora kugabanya igihano mu gihe impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro, byatanzweho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko4. Muri izi manza harimo urubanza n° RPAA 00550/2021/CA, ku wa 17/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habineza Frederic, aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ko mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye nta cyabuza Umucamanza kugabanya igihano hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe mu gihe Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze igihano cyatanzwe ari kirekire hagereranyijwe uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo ndetse n’igihano inkiko zibanza zahanishije uregwa. [18] Mu rubanza rujuririrwa mu gika cyarwo cya 9 bigaragara ko mu kugena igihano, Urukiko Rukuru rwazitiwe n’Itegeko, ruhanisha Iyakaremye Laurien igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, bigaragaza ko Urukiko rutabashije gutanga igihano gikwiye gihuye n’imikorere y’icyaha ndetse n’uko uregwa yitwaye kuko yaraburanaga yemera icyaha, ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha ndetse akaba yari yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 41 bigaragaza ko atari gufatwa nk’umucuruzi wabigize umwunga. [19] Urukiko rusanga ibivugwa n‘Ubushinjacyaha ko Iyakaremye Laurien atagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije agahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko urubanza RPA 0249/13/SC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo Emmanuel basaba ko rwashingirwaho, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko impamvu rutagabanyirije Nteziryayo ari uko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije bihagije kubera kwemera icyahaigihano kikavanwa ku gifungo cya burundu 3 Ingingo ya 181, igika cya 1 y’Itegeko n°027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha iteganya ko : “Kujurira bikorwa mu gihe kitarenga iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku itariki urubanza rwaciriweho ku muburanyi wari uhari cyangwa ahagarariwe igihe urubanza rwacibwaga. Icyo gihe gikurikizwa kandi ku muburanyi wamenyeshejwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, umunsi urubanza ruzacibwaho ntaze cyangwa ngo yohereze umuhagararira”. 4 Reba urubanza nº RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/07/2021 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na SHAKABATENDA Jean de Dieu, urubanza nº RPAA 00182/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/11/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSENGIMANA Eric n’izindi.

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kigashyirwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12). Ku byerekeranye N’iyakaremye Laurien, urukiko rukaba rusanga ataragabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije. Byongeye kandi nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA5, nta kibuza umucamanza kongera kugabanya igihano iyo asanga igihano uregwa yahanishijwe kidahuje uburemere n’imikorere y’icyaha. [20] Mu manza ziheruka gucibwa n’uru Rukiko ku bantu bahamijwe icyaha cyakozwe mu buryo busa n’ubwo Iyakaremye Laurien yakozemo icyaha yahamijwe, ibyashingiweho bagabanyirizwa igihano birimo kuba bemera icyaha, kuba barafatanywe udupfunyika tw’urumogi tutarenze 150 no kuba ari ubwa mbere bakurikiranyweho icyaha. Muri izo manza harimo urubanza no RPAA 00303/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/2/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Maniragaba Védaste wafatanwe udupfunyika 23 ariko akaba yaravugaga ko yavuye mu rugo afite udupfunyika 47, mu Rukiko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye yemera acyicuza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka umunani (8) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) gisimbura igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) yakatiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. [21] Ku bera izo mpamvu, mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, kuba Iyakaremye Laurien ari ubwa mbere afatiwe mu cyaha agafatanwa udupfunyika 41 tw’urumogi no kuba yaremeye icyaha mu ku buryo budashidikanywaho kuva afatwa kugera aburana ku rwego rwa mbere ari impamvu zituma yongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) gisimbura igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) yari yarahanishijwe kugira ngo ahanwe ku bw’icyaha yakoze ariko anahabwe amahirwe yo kwikosora no kuba yazagira akamaro mu buzima busanzwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Iyakaremye Laurien nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza no RPA 00072/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 30/11/2021, ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano. [24] Ruhanishije Iyakaremye Laurien igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [25] Rutegetse ko asonerwa amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze. 5 Urubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254