KABAGWIRA N’UNDI VS SENEZA

# KABAGWIRA N’UNDI VS SENEZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-10-13 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00039/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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KABAGWIRA N’UNDI VS SENEZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00039/2022/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 13 Ukwakira 2023] Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – gusimbuza umucamanza – urubanza rukiburanishwa – Iyo umucamanza asimbuye undi mu rubanza rukiburanishwa agafata icyemezo cyo gukomereza aho uwo yasimbuye yaragejeje iburanisha, ntiyatesha agaciro ibyemezo byafashwe nuwo yasimbuye, Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 74 Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Kabagwira na Uwamahoro barega Seneza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba Urukiko gutegeka uregwa gusubiza umutungo w’umuryango wabo yigabije agatanga n’indishyi zitandukanye. Bavuga ko bari batuye mu mutungo uburanwa ugizwe n’igice cyubatse n’ikindi kitubatse, hanyuma baza kuhava se Kagyibwami amaze gupfa mu mwaka 1988, aho bagarukiye mu mwaka wa 2012, basanga Seneza yarawigabije. Seneza avuga ko uwo mutungo awutunze mu buryo bukurikije Amategeko kuko yawuguze kandi akaba afite amasezerano y’ubukode burambye. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00648/2018/TGI/NYGE rwemeje ko ikirego cya Uwamahoro na Kabagwira nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka ko umutungo uburanwa uguma mu maboko ya Seneza. Kabagwira na Uwamahoro ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza barujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru. Seneza mu ngingo ze zo kwiregura atanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire ku mpamvu y’uko bwatanzwe igihe cyo kujurira giteganywa n’Amategeko cyararenze. Mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza RCA00088/2020/HC/KIG, Urukiko rwemeje ko inzitizi yazamuwe na Seneza nta shingiro ifite. Mbere yuko urubanza ruburanishwa mu mizi umucamanza wari ugize inteko yari yaratangiye kuruburanisha yasimbuwe n’undi, waje gupfundura urubanza hanyuma afata icyemezo ko urubanza rwemeza ko Kabagwira na Uwamahoro bajuriye igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze, bityo rwemeza ko ikirego cyabo cy’ubujurire kitakiriwe. Kabagwira na Uwamahoro ntibishimiye icyo cyemezo bakijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko umucamanza waburanishije urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru atari we warusomye, Bavuga kandi ko umucamanza wafashe icyemezo ku nzitizi yo kutakira ikirego atari we wayiburanishijeho nyamara uwayiburanishijeho yari yararangije kuyifataho icyemezo. Seneza yiregura avuga ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru cyo kutakira ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro na Kabagwira gifite ishingiro kuko bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru igihe cyo kujurira cyarabarenganye. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo umucamanza asimbuye undi mu rubanza rukiburanishwa agafata icyemezo cyo gukomereza aho uwo yasimbuye yaragegejeje iburanisha, ntiyatesha agaciro ibyemezo byafashwe nuwo yasimbuye. Bityo, iyo umucamanza wa mbere yemeje ko ikirego cyakirwa kikaburanishwa, uwamusimbuye akemeza ko akomereza aho uwa mbere yaragejeje ntiyahindukira ngo yemeze ko icyo kirego kitakiriwe. Ikirego kigombaga kwakirwa kikaburanishwa mu mizi mu Rukiko Rukuru, Nta yindi ngwate y’amagarama itanzwe.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 74, 158 Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu rubanza RC00648/2018/TGI/NYGE Kabagwira Epiphanie na Uwamahoro Berthilde bareze Seneza Abias basaba Urukiko gutegeka Seneza Abias kugarura ubutaka bw'umuryango n’ibiwugize yatwaye, basaba n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avocat. [2] Bavuga ko mbere y’umwaka wa 1988 bari batuye mu mutungo uburanwa mu Mudugudu w’Ubumanzi, Akagari ka Rugenge, Umurenge wa Muhima, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali bahafite ubutaka bufite ubutambike bwa 46m, ubuhagarike bwa 90m bwari bugizwe n’igice cyubatse n’ikindi kitubatse. Bavuga ko baje kuhava mu mwaka wa 1988 se Kagyibwami Gabriel amaze gupfa, maze bo bakajyana na nyina iwabo mu Ruhengeri, bakaza kuhagaruka mu mwaka wa 2012, ari bwo bagiye gusaba umutungo wabo bari basanze warigabijwe na Seneza Abias. [3] Seneza Abias avuga ko uwo mutungo atunze bu urimo inzu n’ikinamba, ukaba uherereye mu Mudugudu w'Ubumanzi, Akagari ka Rugenge, Umurenge wa Muhima, Akarere ka Nyarugenge kandi ukagira amasezerano y’ubukode burambye UPI:1/01/06/05/13, kandi ko ubwo butaka yabuguze nk’uko ibimenyetso afite bigaragaza ko bwari ubutaka bw’abantu batandukanye bwagiye buhurizwa hamwe. Avuga ko ubwo butaka ntaho buhuriye n’ubwo abarega bavuga, akanasaba Urukiko gutegeka abamurega kumwishyura indishyi zinyuranye. [4] Ku wa 17/01/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urwo rubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Uwamahoro Berthilde na Kabagwira Epiphanie nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka ko umutungo uburanwa uguma mu maboko ya Seneza Abias, kandi rutegeka abarega guha Seneza Abias amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 500.000Frw.

[5] Kabagwira Epiphanie na Uwamahoro Berthilde ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza barujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, ariko mu ngingo ze zo kwiregura Seneza Abias atanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire ku mpamvu y’uko bwatanzwe igihe cyo kujurira giteganywa n’amategeko cyaramaze kurenga. [6] Ku wa 19/11/2021, mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo kuri iyo nzitizi, rwemeza ko nta shingiro ifite, ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kabagwira Epiphanie na Uwamahoro Berthilde bwakiriwe, kandi ko iburanisha rizakomeza ku itariki ya 13/01/2022 guhera 11h30. [7] Iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza ryongeye gusubukurwa ku wa 12/07/2022, ariko umucamanza ugize inteko yari yaratangiye kuruburanisha yasimbuwe n’undi. Uwo munsi iburanisha ryarapfundikiwe, isomwa ry’urubanza rishyirwa ku wa 11/08/2022, maze kuri uwo munsi Urukiko Rukuru mu guca urubanza rwemeza ko Kabagwira Epiphanie na Uwamahoro Berthilde bajuriye igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze, ko ikirego cyabo cy’ubujurire kitakiriwe, kandi rubategeka gufatanya guha Seneza Abias 100.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 250.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka.

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[8] Kabagwira Epiphanie na Uwamahoro Berthilde ntibishimiye icyo cyemezo bakijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko impamvu bashingiraho ububasha bw’Urukiko bwo kuburanisha ubu bujurire bwa kabiri ari ukuba umucamanza waburanishije urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru atari we warusomye. Bavuga kandi ko umucamanza wafashe icyemezo ku nzitizi yo kutakira ikirego atari we wayiburanishijeho mu gihe uwamubanjirije wari warayiburanishijeho yari yaranarangije kuyifataho icyemezo, ko ibi bytumye hagafatwa ibyemezo bibiri bivuguruzanya mu bihe bitandukanye kandi mu rubanza rumwe. [9] Seneza Abias yiregura avuga ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru cyo kutakira ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Berthilde na Kabagwira Epiphanie gifite ishingiro kuko bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru bagaragaza ko batishimiye imikirize yarwo ariko babikora igihe cyarabarenganye kuko bajuriye ku ya 18/02/2020 kandi umunsi wa nyuma wari ku ya 16/02/2020. Avuga ko yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubwo bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rukemeza ko ubujurire bwabo butakiriwe ku mpamvu y’uko bwatanzwe impitagihe. [10] Mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Berthilde na Kabagwira Epiphanie bwanditswe kuri RCAA00039/2022/CA. Mu iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 04/10/2023, Uwamahoro Berthilde yitabye yunganiwe na Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu akanahagararira Kabagwira Epiphanie, naho Seneza Abias yunganiwe na Me Mugemanyi Védaste. Kuri uwo munsi Urukiko rwumvise ababuranyi ku ngingo irebana gusa no kumenya niba umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru yarakoze amakosa yo gufata icyemezo cyo kutakira ikirego kandi atarigeze aburanisha ku nzitizi yarebanaga na byo no gusuzuma niba yari kuvuguruza icyemezo cyafashwe na mugenzi we kandi we ataraburanishije kuri iyo nzitizi, ndetse n’ingaruka ibyo byagira ku migendekere y’uru rubanza. [11] Ku mpaka z’ababuranyi kuri icyo kibazo, Urukiko rusanga icy’ibanze rugomba gusuzuma ari ukumenya niba inteko imaze guhinduka umucamanza yarakomereje urubanza ku byari byaramaze kuruburanishwaho n’undi mucamanza wari wararutangiye cyangwa se niba mu miburanishirize yarwo yarafashe umurongo wo kubanza kuvanaho ibyari byararukozweho n’umucamanza mugenzi we warutangiye ku buryo ari byo byaba byaramugejeje ku cyemezo yafashe cyo kutakira ubujurire kandi mugenzi we wamubanjirije yari yararufashemo ikindi cyemezo cyo kwakira ubwo bujurire. Ibi bikaba ari byo byatuma uru Rukiko rumenya niba ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Berthilde na Kabagwira Epiphanie bwaragombaga kwakirwa (hubahirijwe icyemezo cyari cyarafashwe n’umucamanza wari ugize inteko yatangiye urubanza) cyangwa se niba butaragombaga kwakirwa (hubahirijwe icyemezo cyafashwe nyuma n’umucamanza wari ugize inteko yaje isimbura iyarutangiye). [12] Isomwa ry’icyemezo cy’Urukiko kuri icyo kibazo ryashyizwe ku wa 13/10/2023, ari nacyo gihe urubanza rusomeweho mu ruhame. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kabagwira Epiphanie na Uwamahoro Berthilde mu Rukiko Rukuru bwaragombaga kwakirwa n’ingaruka byagira ku migendekere y’uru rubanza [13] Uwamahoro Berthilde n’umwunganizi we unahagarariye Kabagwira Epiphanie bavuga ko umucamanza watangiye urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru yari yatesheje agaciro inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yari yabyukijwe na Seneza Abias, ko uwo mucamanza amaze kuburanisha urubanza rwahawe itariki ruzasomerwaho, ikagenda yimurwa, ariko ko mu gihe rwari rutarasomwa uwo mucamanza yaje kuva mu rubanza akajyanwa mu yindi mirimo, urubanza rugahabwa undi mucamanza wa kabiri, mu kurusubukura we akavuga ko atazasubira ku byaburanweho mbere, ariko mu guca urubanza

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akarenga agafata icyemezo cyo guha ishingiro inzitizi. Basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ikosa ryo gufata icyemezo ku bintu rwari rwahaye agaciro, bikanatuma hafatwa ibyemezo bibiri bivuguruzanya mu rubanza rumwe. [14] Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu, wunganiye Uwamahoro Berthilde akanahagararira Kabagwira Epiphanie, asobanura ko inyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ryo ku wa 12/07/2022 (PV) igaragaza ko umucamanza ugize inteko ya kabiri yemeje gukomereza ku byari byarakozwe mbere mu rubanza n’uwamubanjirije. Avuga ko Urukiko rusanze ibyakozwe n'umucamanza wa kabiri bitari bikwiye, urubanza rwasubira mu Rukiko Rukuru kugira ngo ruruburanishe kuko rwiyambuye mu buryo butari bwo ububasha bwo kuruburanisha mu mizi kuri urwo rwego. [15] Seneza Abias na Me Mugemanyi Vedaste umwunganira bavuga ko n’iyo byaba nk’uko mugenzi we wunganira abajuriye abivuze, umucamanza wa kabiri akaba yarakomereje ku byakozwe n’uwamubanjirije, ko umucamanza wa kabiri yari afite ibigize dosiye byose kandi icy'ingenzi kikaba ari uko ngo yafashe icyemezo ndemyagihugu (d'ordre public), ko ntacyabuza umucamanza gusuzuma ikiri mu mwanzuro, bityo ko ntawavuga ko umuburanyi atumviswe. Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko ruramutse rusanze ibyakozwe n'umucamanza wa kabiri bitari bikwiye, urubanza rwaburanishwa n'uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, rugazuzuma mu mizi ikibazo ababuranyi bari bafitanye cyo kumemya nyir’ahantu haburanwa kandi ko urubanza ruramutse ruburanishijwe gutyo nta tegeko ryaba ryishwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ingingo ya 74 y’Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo umucamanza cyangwa umwe mu bacamanza batangiye urubanza adashoboye kurukomeza kubera impamvu zinyuranye, asimburwa n’undi mucamanza byemejwe na Perezida w’Urukiko bireba. Icyo gihe, iburanisha rikomereza aho ryari rigeze, kandi ibyemezo byafashwe mu rubanza bikagumana agaciro kabyo. Icyakora iyo asanze hari ibyakozwe binyuranyije n'amategeko, hashobora gufatwa icyemezo cyo gutangira iburanisha bundi bushya cyangwa kugira ibihindurwa, hamaze kumvwa ababuranyi, hagasobanurwa impamvu. Umuburanyi utishimiye icyo cyemezo, ashobora kukijuririra hamwe n'urubanza mu mizi’’. [17] Ingingo ya 158, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ibikurikira : “… iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwari rwaregewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko urukiko rwaruciye ku rwego rubanza rukavuga ko rutakiriwe kandi rwaragombaga kwakirwa, Urukiko rwajuririwe rurarwakira, rukagaragaza ko rwagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere; rukarutesha agaciro maze rukarusubiza Urukiko rwari rwaruciye kugira ngo ruruburanishe mu mizi, nta yindi ngwate y’amagarama itanzwe”. [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza inyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ryo ku wa 12/07/2022, ko mu kwinjira bwa mbere mu iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza yari aje asimburamo mugenzi we, umucamanza yatangiye agira ati : Nk’uko mubibona uru rubanza rwari rwaburashijwe n’indi nteko rurapfundikirwa. Reka tubasomere iburanisha ryanyu uko ryagenze kugira ngo namwe mushobore kubyibuka. Niba hari icyo mwifuza kongeraho n’ibyo mwakongeraho kuko ibyo mwaburanye byose turabifite ni ibyo tubasomeye“. [19] Hashingiwe kuri iyi mvugo umucamanza mushya yari yinjiranye bwa mbere mu iburanisha, uru Rukiko rurasanga nta gushidikanya gukwiye ku kuba icyo umucamanza yari ahisemo mu biteganywa n’ingingo y’itegeko yibukijwe haruguru ari ugukomereza urubanza aho umucamanza wa

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mbere yari arugereje, bityo ibyemezo byafashwe mu rubanza birimo n’ikirebana no kudaha ishingiro inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bikaba byaragombaga kugumana agaciro kabyo. [20] Urukiko rw‘Ubujurire, rubona ku wa 19/11/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwari rwafashe icyemezo ku nzitizi yari yatanzwe na Seneza Abias yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Berthilde na Kabagwira Epiphanie ngo kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe, aho rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kabagwira Epiphanie na Uwamahoro Berthilde bwakiriwe, ko inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kubera kurenza ibihe byo kurega nta shingiro ifite, rwemeza ko iburanisha rizakomeza ku itariki ya 13/01/2022 guhera 11h30. Kuba Umucamanza wa kabiri yarafashe icyemezo cyo kutakira ubujurire bwatanzwe kubera kurenza igihe cyo kujurira kikaza gikuraho icyari cyafashwe n’umucamanza wa mbere atarigeze abanza kugaragariza ababuranyi amakosa yakozwe n’uwamubanjirije ngo anabahe umwanya n’amahirwe byo kuyajyaho impaka, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 74 yibukijwe haruguru. Bityo mu gihe bigaragara ko umucamanza wa kabiri yafashe icyemezo cyo gukomereza urubanza ku byakozwe byose na mugenzi we warumubanjirijemo, uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga icyemezo cyo kwakira ubujurire cyafashwe ku wa 19/11/2021 ari icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kandi kigomba kugumaho, iburanisha rikazakomereza ku zindi ngingo z’ubujurire mu mizi bwa Uwamahoro Berthilde na Kabagwira Epiphanie zari zisigaye gusuzumwa. [21] Ku birebana n’Urukiko rugomba kuburanisha mu mizi impaka zitaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kubera ko nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru rwakoze ikosa ryo kutakira ubujurire kandi bwaragomba kwakirwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 158, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi , uru rubanza rugomba gusubizwa mu Rukiko Rukuru kugira ngo ruburanishwe ku bujurire bwa mbere mu mizi y’ikibazo, abari bajuriye batongeye gutanga indi ngwate y’amagarama. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko icyemezo cyo kutakira ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Berthilde na Kabagwira Epiphanie mu rubanza RCA00088/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 11/08/2022 kivanweho; [23] Rwemeje ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamaze gufata icyemezo cyo kwemera kwakira ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Berthilde na Kabagwira Epiphanie mu rubanza RCA00088/2020/HC/KIG, bukaba bugomba kuburanishwa mu mizi; [24] Rutegetse ko Ubwanditsi bw’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire busubiza urubanza RCA00088/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 11/08/2022 muri urwo Rukiko kugira ngo ruburanishwe mu mizi kandi hatagize indi ngwate y’amagarama itangwa; [25] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe n’abajuriye kuri uru rwego ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.