KAJYIBWAMI NABANDI V KOMINYA LTD

# KAJYIBWAMI NABANDI V KOMINYA LTD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-03-10 - Case/document no.: RCA 00022/2022/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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KAJYIBWAMI N’ABANDI v COMINYA Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00022/2022/HC/NYZ (Badara, P.J.) 10 Werurwe 2023] Amategeko y’imanza mboneza mubano – Imiburanishirize y’imanza – Impanuka zo mu birombe - Mu mpanuka zo mu birombe bicukurwamo amabuye, amafranga y’inyongera asabwa n’abazurungura ba nyakwigendera yiyongera kuyo bahawe n’ikigo cy’ubwishingizi ntiyafatwa nk’impaka zishingiye ku murimo cyangwa ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi kikaba kiri mu bubasha bw’urugereko rusanzwe rw’urukiko rwisumbuye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ntakirutimana yagwiriwe n’ikirombe ari mu kazi ka Cominya Ltd k’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye. Umuryango wa nyakwigendera wandikiye Cominya Ltd usaba indishyi ariko ntiwasubizwa ariko uza kumenya ko nyakwigendera yari yarafatiwe ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance company ltd. Nyuma yo kwandikira iki kigo cy’ubwishingizi, umunryango wa nyakwigendera wasubijwe ko yafataiwe ubwishingizi bwa FRW 2.500.000 gusa. Umuryango wa nyakwigendera umaze kubona koi zo ndishyi zidahagije, watanze ikirego mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga basaba indishyi ziyongera ku zatanzwe na Radiant kuko ari nke. Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Kajyibwami, Mukandayisaba, Uwera, Kayitesi na Akayezu ari ikirego cy’umurimo kitari mu bubasha bw’urugereko rusanzwe rw’urukiko rwisumbuye. Abarega ntibishimiye iyo mikirize bajuririra mu rukiko Rukuru basaba urukiko gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza rujuririrwa no gukuraho indishyi baciwe. Abarega basobanura ko impaka zishingiye ku ndishyi umuryango wa nyakwigendera Ntakirutimana usaba Cominya Ltd ariko nta sano abarega bigeze bagirana na Cominya Ltd kuko batabaye abakozi bayo bityo bakaba batarebwa n’ingingo ya 35, agace kayo ka mbere ahubwo hakurikizwa ingingo ya 31 OFCJ, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rukaba rwasubizwa urubanza rukaruburanisha. COMINYA LTD ivuga ko Urukiko rwaregewe rwafashe icyemezo cyo kwiyambura ububasha mu rubanza RC 00129/2021/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’urwo rukiko kuwa 04/03/2022 nk’uko urukiko rwabigaragaje ruvuga ko rubona icyo Kajyibwami na Bagenzi be baregera ari indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yabaye kuri Ntakirutimana ubwo yari mu kazi bityo rwanzura rugaragaza ko Urugereko ruburanisha imanza z'Umurimo n'Ubutegetsi arirwo ruburanisha imanza nkizo. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu mpanuka zo mu birombe bicukurwamo amabuye, amafranga y’inyongera asabwa n’abazurungura ba nyakwigendera yiyongera kuyo bahawe n’ikigo cy’ubwishingizi ntiyafatwa nk’impaka zishingiye ku murimo cyangwa ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi kikaba kiri mu bubasha bw’urugereko rusanzwe rw’urukiko rwisumbuye bityo Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga mu rugereko rwarwo rusanzwe rukaba rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha izo mpaka. Ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kajyibwami Janvier na bagenzi be bufite ishingiro.

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Imikirize y’urubanza RC 00129/2021/TGI/MHG iteshejwe agaciro. Urubanza RCA 00022/2022/HC/NYZ rwoherejwe mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 35 Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 19, 35 Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 158. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kajyibwami Janvier na bagenzi be bavuga ko nyakwigendera Ntakirutimana Philbert yagwiriwe n’ikirombe ari mu kazi ka Cominya Ltd k’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye, icyo kirombe giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kanka, Akagari ka Kibyimba, Umurenge wa Kabacuzi, Akarere ka Muhanga. Nk’uko bikubiye mu nyandikomvugo y’umugenzacyaha wakoze iperereza kuri uru rupfu rwa nyakwigendera, Cominya Ltd ntiyabashije gucunga neza umutekano w’abarimo gucukura cyangwa ngo bagaragaze icyashoboraga gutera impanuka nk’uko biri mu nshingano zabo. [2] Umuryango wa nyakwigendera ukaba waragejeje inyandiko ku buyobozi bwa Cominya Ltd kuwa 14/05/2021, usaba indishyi zingana na 52 772 400 frw ariko ntacyo yashubije. Ariko hagati aho uwo muryango wegereye Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, yagaragaraga muri dosiye y’ubushinjacyaha ko yafashwemo ubwishingizi bw’abakozi ba Cominya Ltd, maze mu ibaruwa yayo yo kuwa 14/05/2021 iwumenyesha ko umuntu witabye Imana yishingiwe gusa ku mafaranga angana na 2.500.000. Ari yo mpamvu uyu muryango wa nyakwigendera Ntakirutimana Philbert, ugizwe n’ababyeyi be n’abavandimwe be batanze iki kirego basaba kugenerwa n’Urukiko indishyi bakwiye guhabwa na Cominya Ltd, ni ukuvuga ikinyuranyo cy’indishyi bakwiye kugenerwa zingana na 52.772.400 frw havuyemo amafaranga 2.500.000 zishyuwe na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, hagasigara amafaranga 50. 272. 400 arizo basaba hiyongereyeho ibizagenda mu rubanza bingana n’amafaranga 1. 000. 000 y’igihembo cy’avoka, amafaranga 300. 000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga 20. 000 y’igarama. [3] COMINYA ltd iburanirwa na Me Twagirayezu Joseph ivuga ko Ntakirutimana Philbert yagiye gucukura amabuye y’agaciro ari umukozi wa COMINYA LTD ikora ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Tariki ya 30/51/2020 ari mu kazi ahagirira impanuka igisimu kiramugwira yitaba Imana. Ariko kubera ko Cominya Ltd yagiranye amasezerano na Radiant Insurance Company yo kwishingira impanuka mwene nk’izo, ayo masezerano akaba yariswe Contrat d’Assurance collective accidents ku bakozi 21 bakoreraga COMINYA LTD,

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umuryango wa nyakwigendera Ntakirutimana Philbert wakurikiranye indishyi z’uwabo, maze bahabwa amafaranga 2.500.000 na Radiant Insurance Company yishingiye mwene nk’izo mpanuka, sheki iriho ayo mafaranga yakirwa na Kajyibwami Janvier ku wa 10/07/2020, ahagarariye umuryango wa nyakwigendera Philbert, ajya no kuyabikuza muri I&M Bank arayatwara. Bakaba baratunguwe no kubona umunyamategeko bashyizeho yandika ibaruwa asaba indishyi z’uyu muryango birengagije ko bazihawe. Cominya Ltd ikaba isaba urukiko ko idakwiye gucibwa indishyi zishingiye ku itegeko ry’umurimo nk’uko urega abisaba urukiko, kuko nyakwigendera nta masezerano y’akazi yari afitanye na Cominya Ltd ashingiye ku itegeko ry’umurimo. [4] Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Kajyibwami Janvier, Mukandayisaba Florence, Uwera Marie Alice, Kayitesi Marie Francoise na Akayezu Leontine ari ikirego cy’umurimo kitari mu bubasha bw’urugereko rusanzwe rw’urukiko rwisumbuye. Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Kajyibwami Janvier, Mukandayisaba Florence, Uwera Marie Alice, Kayitesi Marie Francoise na Akayezu Leontine kitakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe mu ngingo zacyo zose. Rwemeje ko Kajyibwami Janvier, Mukandayisaba Florence, Uwera Marie Alice, Kayitesi Marie Francoise na Akayezu Leontine bafatanya guha company COMINYA amafaranga ibihumbi ijana (100.000) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi Magana atanu (500.000) y’igihembo cy’avoka. Rutegeka ko amafaranga 20.000 Janvier Kajyibwami na bagenzi be batanze ku ngwate y’ikirego ahwana n’ ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [5] Kajyibwami Janvier na bagenzi ntibishimiye iyo mikirize bajuririra muri uru rukiko basaba urukiko gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza rujuririrwa no gukuraho indishyi zaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga. [6] Muri uru rubanza, ibibazo bigiye gusuzumwa ni ibi bikurikira : • Kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego cy’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’ikirombe cy’amabuye y’agaciro; • Kumenya niba indishyi zaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga zavanwaho. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA • Kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego cy’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’ikirombe cy’amabuye y’agaciro. [7] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, ikirego cya Kajyibwami Janvier na bagenzi ntabwo cyakiriwe kubera ko impaka ziri hagati ya Janvier Kajyibwami na bagenzi be na company COMINYA, zituruka ku mpanuka yagizwe na

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Ntakirutimana Philbert, umwana wabo n’umuvandimwe wabo, ayigira ari ku kazi ko gucukurira company COMINYA amabuye agwirwa n’ikirombe. Bikaba byumvikana ko ari impanuka ituruka ku kazi. Ikirego kijyanye n’umurimo kiri mu bubasha bw’urukiko rwisumbuye urugereko ruburanisha imanza z’umurimo n’ubutegetsi. Bityo rero urugereko rwaregewe rudafite ububasha bushingiye ku kiburanwa bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza. [8] Mu bujurire bwa Kajyibwami Janvier na bagenzi, basobanura ko impaka zishingiye ku ndishyi umuryango wa nyakwigendera Ntakirutimana Philbert usaba Cominya Ltd ariko nta sano abarega bigeze bagirana na Cominya Ltd kuko batabaye abakozi bayo bityo bakaba batarebwa n’ingingo ya 35, agace kayo ka mbere ahubwo hakurikizwa ingingo ya 31 OFCJ, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rukaba rwasubizwa urubanza rukaruburanisha. [9] Uhagarariye COMINYA LTD mu kwiregura kuri iyi ngingo avuga ko Urukiko rwaregewe rwafashe icyemezo cyo kwiyambura ububasha mu rubanza RC 00129/2021/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’urwo rukiko kuwa 04/03/2022 nk’uko urukiko rwabigaragaje ku gika cya 6 cy’urubanza ruvuga ko rubona icyo Kajyibwami na Bagenzi be baregera ari indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yagizwe na Ntakirutimana Philbert umuvandimwe wabo iyo mpanuka ikaba yarabaye ubwo Ntakirutimana yari mu kazi ko gucukura amabuye y’agaciro ari umukozi wa COMINYA LTD bimuviramo gupfa. Bityo rwanzura rugaragaza ko Urugereko ruburanisha imanza z'Umurimo n'Ubutegetsi arirwo ruburanisha imanza nkizo. Nk’uko bigaragara muri rwemeje y’urubanza rwajuririwe, urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cyo kutakira ikirego ngo rukiburanishirize mu rugereko ruburanishirizamo imanza z’imbonezamubano kuko rusanga icyo kirego cyatanzwe ari icy’umurimo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [10] Ingingo ya 35 y’itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ivuga ko Urugereko ruburanisha imanza z’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ruburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere imanza zose z’umurimo n’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, n’izirebana n’ibi bikurikira: 1° impaka z’abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa zihuriweho n’abantu benshi, zivutse biturutse ku murimo hagati y’abakoresha bikorera ku giti cyabo n’abakozi babo; 2° amasezerano y’umurimo, amasezerano yo kwitoza akazi, amasezerano rusange cyangwa ibyemezo by’ubuyobozi biyasimbura; 3° impaka zivutse hagati y’ibigo by’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, izivutse hagati y’ibigo by’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi n’abateganyirijwe, hagati y’abakozi n’abakoresha zirebana n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko agenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi; 4° ibirego by’indishyi zikomoka ku byaha bijyanye n’amategeko agenga umurimo, bitabangamiye ariko amategeko aha ubwo bubasha inkiko ziburanisha imanza z’inshinjabyaha iyo zaregewe ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha. [11] Urukiko rurasanga Ntakirutimana Philbert yaragwiriwe n’ikirombe ari mu kazi ka Cominya Ltd k’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro biza kumuviramo urupfu. Abazungura be bagizwe n’ababyeyi be aribo Janvier Kajyibwami na Florence Mukandayisaba n’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera aribo Leontine Akayezu, Marie Alice Uwera na Marie Francoise Kayitesi bose barasaba COMINYA Ltd indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka zingana na 52.772.400 frw

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ariko hari indishyi bahawe na RADIANT zingana n’amafranga 2.500.000 bityo bakaba basaba inyongera kuzo sosiyete y’ubwishingizi yabahaye zidahagije. [12] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zisabwa n’abazungura ba nyakwindera wari umukozi ntaho zihuriye n’amasezerano y’umurimo kubera ko zagombye kuba zaratanzwe n’ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi ariko kuba bataramufatiye ubwishingizi mu kigo cy’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi ahubwo bakamufatira muri ubwishingizi muri RADIANT niyo yagombye kuba yaratanze indishyi zose zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka nk’uko byumvikana mu ngingo ya 19 y’itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ivuga ko Umukozi wagize impanuka cyangwa indwara bikomoka ku murimo yarateganyirijwe n’umukoresha we mu kigo cy’ ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda yishyurwa hakurikije amategeko agenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi mu Rwanda. Umukozi wagize impanuka cyangwa indwara bikomoka ku murimo atarateganyirijwe n’umukoresha we mu kigo cy’ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda yishyurwa n’umukoresha amafaranga angana nk’ayo yagahawe n’ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda iyo aza kuba yarateganyirijwe. [13] Urukiko rurasanga amafranga y’inyongera asabwa n’abazurungura ba nyakwigendera yiyongera kuyo bahawe na RADIANT atafatwa nk’impaka zishingiye ku murimo cyangwa ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi nk’uko byasobanuwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rushingiye ku ngingo ya 35 y’itegeko ry’umurimo agaka ka 10 ivuga ko urugereko ruburanisha imanza z’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ruburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere imanza zose z’umurimo n’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, n’izirebana n’impaka z’abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa zihuriweho n’abantu benshi, zivutse biturutse ku murimo hagati y’abakoresha bikorera ku giti cyabo n’abakozi babo. [14] Urukiko rurasanga nyakwigendera Ntakirutimana Philbert ntabwo yari yarafatiwe ubwishingizi mu kigo cy’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi ku buryo izo ndishyi zabazwa icyo kigo cy’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. Muri uru rubanza umukoresha yafashe ubwishingizi muri RADIANT kandi afata ubwishingizi budahagije akaba ariyo mpamvu basaba andi mafranga y’inyongera. Iki kirego rero ntabwo cyashyirwa mu birego bijyanye na 1° impaka z’abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa zihuriweho n’abantu benshi, zivutse biturutse ku murimo hagati y’abakoresha bikorera ku giti cyabo n’abakozi babo nk’uko byemejwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga. Ahubwo iki kirego cyari cyaregewe urukiko rufite ububasha. [15] Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cya Kajyibwami Janvier na bagenzi cyaragombaga kwakirwa kubera ko nyakwigendera ntabwo yari yarafatiwe ubwishingizi mu kigo cy’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, akaba ariyo mpamvu indishyi zitari mu bubasha bw’urugereko ruburanisha imanza z’umurimo bityo urubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rugomba guteshwa agaciro noneho uru rubanza rukoherezwa mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kugirango ruburanishwe mu mizi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 158 y’itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwari rwaregewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko urukiko rwaruciye ku rwego rubanza rukavuga ko rutakiriwe kandi rwaragombaga kwakirwa, Urukiko rwajuririwe rurarwakira, rukagaragaza ko rwagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere; rukarutesha agaciro maze rukarusubiza Urukiko rwari rwaruciye kugira ngo ruruburanishe mu mizi, nta yindi ngwate y’amagarama itanzwe. Urukiko

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rwohererejwe uru rubanza ntirushobora kwanga kuruburanisha rwitwaje ko rwafashe icyemezo kuri iryo burabubasha. • Kumenya niba indishyi zaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga zavanwaho [16] Kajyibwami Janvier na bagenzi be bavuga ko iyo Urukiko rwagombaga kuregerwa ari Urugereko rw’Umurimo, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwari gutegeka ko ikirego cyatanzwe kimurirwayo ndetse n’Umwanditsi w’urukiko afite ubu bubasha cyangwa hagatangwa ikindi muri urwo rugereko nk’uko urukiko rwabyanzuye ariko ntihagire indishyi zicibwa kuko abarega nta kosa bakoze ahubwo habayeho kwibeshya, ndetse bakaba bataranaziciwe kubera ko batsinzwe ahubwo ari ikibazo kigikomeza ku buryo bazagira n’ikindi gihe cyo kuzisaba. Niyo mpamvu abarega basaba ko izi ndishyi zategetswe zikurwaho n’Urukiko rwajuririwe, kuko zidakwiye, bakaba nta bushobozi banafite bwo kuzitanga, hakiyongeraho ko banagize ibyago byo gutakaza uwabafashaga mu buzima. Ikindi kirenzeho nuko, iyo urebye iburanisha mu mizi ry’urubanza ryo kuwa 03/02/2022, usanga ntaho Cominya Ltd yigeze isaba izi ndishyi z’igihembo cy’avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza ko byatangwa mu gihe ikirego kitakwakirwa bityo Urukiko rukaba rwaranatanze ibirenze ibyo rwasabwe. Bashingira ku ngingo ya 10 CPCCSA. [17] Uhagarariye COMINYA LTD mu kwiregura kuri iyi ngingo asobanura ko indishyi zatanzwe ntizakurwaho kuko zari zikwiye, Urukiko rwazitanze kandi ruzigena rushingiye kubitenganywa n'itegeko kandi abarega nibo banyirabayazana w'uru rubanza bityo bagomba kwirengera n'ingaruka zarwo. [18] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zatanzwe n’urukiko rwimbuye rwa Muhanga zigomba kuvaho kubera ko urwo rubanza rwateshejwe agaciro kandi kuba urubanza rusubijwe mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kugirango ruburanishwe mu mizi, amafranga y’ibyakoreshejwe yazasabwa mu rukiko ruzaburanisha urubanza mu mizi. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] RWEMEJE ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kajyibwami Janvier na bagenzi be bufite ishingiro. [20] RWEMEJE ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00129/2021/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ruteshejwe agaciro. [21] RUTEGETSE ko uru rubanza RCA 00022/2022/HC/NYZ rwoherezwa mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kugirango ruburanishwe mu mizi.