KALIMBA JEAN CLAUDE N’ABANDI v KALIMBA JOSEPH N’ABANDI

# KALIMBA JEAN CLAUDE N’ABANDI v KALIMBA JOSEPH N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-11-29 - Case/document no.: RCAA00026/2018/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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KALIMBA JEAN CLAUDE N’ABANDI v KALIMBA JOSEPH N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA00026/2018/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J; Ngagi na Umugwaneza, J.) 29 Ugushyingo 2022] Itegeko rigena Izungura – Izungura – Inama y’umuryango – Inama y’umuryango ni yo ishinzwe gukemura impaka cyangwa ibibazo mu muryango byerekeranye n’izungura mbere y’uko bishyikirizwa Komite y’Abunzi cyangwa urukiko rubifitiye ububasha, Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigena imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, Ingingo ya 84, Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye abazungura ba Kalimba Ferdinand ari bo Kalimba Jean Claude, Mukabakaka Peace, Kalimba Edmond, Kalimba Noella, Ruzindana Diane na Ruzindana Lyse barega Kalimba Gasser Ritha na Kalimba Joseph, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, basaba kuva mu isangiramutungo bagahabwa uwabo mugabane (sortir de l’indivision), kuko abo barega bikubiye umutungo wose wasizwe na sekuru Kalimba Ferdinand. Abaregwa batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego hashingiwe ku kuba abarega batarabanje kugishyikiriza inama y’umuryango nk’uko biteganywa n’Amategeko, ariko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, rushingiye ku kuba Amategeko agomba gukurikizwa ari arebana n’izungura yakoreshwaga igihe izungura rya Kalimba Ferdinand ryagombaga gutangira. Mu rubanza mu mizi, abaregwa biregura bavuga ko abari barahawe gucunga umutungo wasizwe na Kalimba Ferdinand bawucunze nabi baranawikubira, kandi ko abarega nta ruhare bafite ku mutungo wasizwe na nyakwigendera Kalimba Ferdinand kuko ababyeyi babo bapfuye mbere ye. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje mu rubanza RC00613/2016/TGI/NYGE ko ikirego cya Kalimba Claude, Mukabakaka Peace, Kalimba Edmond, Kalimba Noella, Ruzindana Diane na Ruzindana Lyse gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko bahabwa umugabane wabo ku mutungo uburanwa wasizwe na Kalimba Ferdinand ku rugero rwa 1/10 cyawo kuri buri wese. Rwategetse kandi ko abarega bahabwa umugabane wabo ku mafaranga y’ubukode akomoka kuri uwo mutungo mu gihe utaragabanwa ku rugero rwa 1/10 kuri buri wese. Kalimba Joseph na Uwantege Gasser Ritha bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru bavuga ko mu Rukiko rubanza batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kuko abareze batarabanje gushyikiriza ikibazo inama y’umuryango mbere yo kuregera Urukiko, nyamara ngo Urukiko ntirwabiha agaciro. Bavuga ko ibyo Urukiko rwashingiyeho nta shingiro bifite. Bavuga kandi ko, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa rutabifitiye ububasha kuko ibirego birebana n’izingura biburanishwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’inkiko z’Ibanze, basaba urwo Rukiko kwemeza ko batacibwa indishyi kuko ikirego cyakiriwe kitaragombaga kwakirwa. ariko ko Urukiko ruramutse rubibonye ukundi, rwazabona ko hari umutungo ukwiye gukurwa mu mitungo izungurwa kuko washatswe na Uwantege Gasser Ritha ku giti cye. Umurungi, Murebwayire na Uwimpuhwe, bagobotse ku bushake muri urwo rubanza, basaba urwo Rukiko ko nabo bagira uruhare ku inzungura rya Kalimba.

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Urukiko Rukuru rwabanje gusuzuma inzitizi zo kutakira ikirego kuko kitabanje gusuzumwa n’inama y’umuryango, n’iy’uko cyagomba gusuzumwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko rw’ibanze, rwemeza ko nta shingiro zifite. Mu rubanza mu mizi Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RCA00115/2017/HC/KIG, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwantege Gasser Ritha na Kalimba Joseph bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza RC00613/2016/TGI/NYGE ruhindutse kuri bimwe, ko ku birebana n’imitungo igomba kuzungurwa, inzu zanditse kuri nomero y’ubucuruzi: 102161946 zifite ubuso bungana na 346,231sqm ziri mu kibanza 348 ari iza Uwantege Gasser Ritha, rwemeza ko Umurungi , Murebwayire na Uwimpuhwe bagobotse mu rubanza nabo bagomba kuzungura nkuko byemejwe mu rubanza RC00613/2016/TGI/NYGE. Kalimba Jean Claude, Kalimba Peace, Kalimba Edmond, Kalimba Noella, Ruzindana Diane na Ruzindana Lyse bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru abajuriye bahinduye ikiburanwa batanga ikirego gishya, ahubwo ngo Umucamanza ategeka ko igice kinini cy’umutungo uburanwa cyaherera k’umuntu umwe gusa, basaba Urukiko kubasuzumira niba gutanga ikirego gishya mu bujurire byemewe. Bavuga kandi ko hari imitungo y’ababyeyi babo yashyizwe mu mitungo izungurwa, basaba ko iyo mitungo yavanywa mu bigomba kugabanwa n’abazungura ba Kalimba Ferdinand. Abaregwa batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba gusuzuma niba ikirego cyaragombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere mu gihe kitabanje gusuzumwa n’inama y’umuryango, basaba ko rusuzuma kandi niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere kuko ngo izungura riri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ibanze. Kalimba Gaston na Ufitese bagobotse ku bushake mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, bavuga ko nk’abazungura ba Kalimba Ferdinand bamenye ko imitungo yasize irikuburanwa, basaba nabo ko kubona uruhare rwabo. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje mu rubanza RCAA00026/2018/CA ko kuba Kalimba Jean Claude na bagenzi be barahise baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ikibazo kirebana n’izungura ry’umutungo wa sizwe na Kalimba Ferdinand batabanje kugishyikiriza inama y’umuryango, ari impamvu yagombaga gutuma icyo kirego kitakirwa kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, bityo ko n’imanza zaciwe mbere zikaba zigomba kuvanamwaho. ubifitemo inyungu akazashyikiriza ikibazo inama y’umuryango ikagikemura, byananira akabona kwiyambaza Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Inama y’umuryango ni yo ishinzwe gukemura impaka cyangwa ibibazo mu muryango byerekeranye n’izungura mbere y’uko bishyikirizwa Komite y’Abunzi cyangwa urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. Bityo, Umuburanyi uhise uregera Urukiko ikibazo kijyanye n’izungura atabanje kugishyikiriza umuryango we ngo ugisuzume, icyo kirego nticyakirwa ngo gisuzumwe. 2. Iyo umuburanyi yitabye urukiko aturutse mu mahanga, urukiko rugena amafaranga y’urugendo, amutunga hamwe n’ay’icumbi rushingiye ku nyemezabuguzi rwashyikirijwe. Bityo, iyo umuburanyi atagaragaje ibimemenyetso by’indishyi asaba, ntazihabwa.

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Ikirego nticyagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Imanza zaciwe mbere zose zivanweho. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigena imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, Ingingo ya 84, 101 Itegeko N° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, Ingingo ya 162,163 Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 83,111,158 Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 3 Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 133/MOJ/AG/18 ryo ku wa 04/06/2018 rigena amafaranga atangwa mu manza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 9, Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, abazungura ba Kalimba Ferdinand ari bo Kalimba Jean Claude, Mukabakaka Peace, Kalimba Edmond, Kalimba Noella, Ruzindana Diane na Ruzindana Lyse, barega Kalimba Gasser Ritha na Kalimba Joseph, ko bikubiye umutungo wose wasizwe na sekuru Kalimba Ferdinand, basaba kuva mu isangiramutungo bagahabwa uwabo mugabane (sortir de l’indivision), basaba n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza. [2] Abaregwa batanze inzitizi isaba kutakira ikirego cyavuzwe haruguru hashingiwe ku kuba abarega batarabanje kugishyikiriza inama y’umuryango kugira ngo ibanze igisuzume mbere yo kuregera Urukiko nk’uko biteganya n’ingingo ya 84, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, maze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kuko amategeko agomba gukurikizwa ari arebana n’izungura yakoreshwaga igihe izungura rya Kalimba Ferdinand ryagombaga gutangira. [3] Iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi ryarakomeje, abaregwa biregura bavuga ko abari barahawe gucunga umutungo wasizwe na Kalimba Ferdinand bawucunze nabi baranawikubira, kandi ko abarega nta ruhare bafite ku mutungo wasizwe na nyakwigendera Kalimba Ferdinand kuko ababyeyi babo bapfuye mbere ye.

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[4] Ku wa 21/03/2017, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye rubanza RC00613/2016/TGI/NYGE, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Kalimba Claude, Mukabakaka Peace, Kalimba Edmond, Kalimba Noella, Ruzindana Diane na Ruzindana Lyse gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko bahabwa umugabane wabo ku mutungo utimukanwa uri mu kibanza gifite UPI : 1/03/06/348, N°0348/KIC/KIC wasizwe na Kalimba Ferdinand ku rugero rwa 1/10 rwawo kuri buri wese hakurikijwe agaciro kawo igihe cy’irangizarubanza. [5] Urwo Rukiko rwategetse kandi ko abarega bahabwa umugabane wabo ku mafaranga y’ubukode akomoka kuri uwo mutungo mu gihe utaragabanwa ku rugero rwa 1/10 kuri buri wese ku gaciro kagenwe buri kwezi k’ubukode kugeza bawugabanye, rutegeka Kalimba Gasser Ritha na Kalimba Joseph kwishyura abarega 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [6] Kalimba Joseph na Uwantege Gasser Ritha bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru bavuga ko mu Rukiko rubanza batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego ishingiye ku kuba abareze muri urwo Rukiko batarabanje gushyikiriza ikibazo cyabo inama y’umuryango mbere yo kukiregera Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha nk’uko amategeko abiteganya, nyamara Urukiko ntirwabiha agaciro rushingiye ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy'urwunge rw'amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y'umutungo w'abashyingiranywe, impano n'izungura, ahubwo rwemeza ko amategeko agomba gukurikizwa ari arebana n’izungura igihe kuzungura Kalimba Ferdinand byagombaga gutangirira, ariko ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 101 y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura1 , no ku ngingo yaryo ya 842 , basanga ibyo Urukiko rwashingiyeho nta shingiro bifite. [7] Kalimba Joseph na Uwantege Gasser Ritha bajuriye bavuga kandi ko hashingiye ku ngingo ya 67 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2015/OL ryo ku wa 05/05/2015 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Ngenga Nº 51/2008/OL ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, ryakoreshwaga mu mwaka wa 2015, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa rutabifitiye ububasha kuko ibirego birebana n’izingura biburanishwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’inkiko z’Ibanze, basaba urwo Rukiko kwemeza ko batagombaga gucibwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka kuko ikirego cyakiriwe kitaragombaga kwakirwa, ariko ko Urukiko ruramutse rubibonye ukundi, rwazabona ko hari umutungo ukwiye gukurwa mu mitungo izungurwa kuko washatswe na Uwantege Gasser Ritha ku giti cye. [8] Umurungi Nelly, Murebwayire Marie Claire na Uwimpuhwe Marie Rosine, bagobotse ku bushake muri urwo rubanza, basaba urwo Rukiko ko nabo bagira uruhare ku inzungura ryategetswe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. 1 Ivuga ko «Izungura ryafunguwe guhera ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 ariko igabana rikaba ritaraba rizakorwa hakurikijwe iri tegeko». 2 Igika cya mbere cy’iyo ngingo kivuga ko «Inama y’umuryango ari yo ishinzwe gukemura impaka cyangwa ibibazo mu muryango byerekeranye n’izungura mbere y’uko bishyikirizwa Komite y’Abunzi cyangwa urukiko rubifitiye ububasha».

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[9] Urukiko Rukuru rwabanje gusuzuma ingingo y’ubujurire ijyanye n’inzitizi zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere z’uko ikirego kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere kuko kitabanje gusuzumwa n’inama y’umuryango, n’iy’uko cyagomba gusuzumwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko rw’ibanze, ruzifataho icyemezo ku wa 15/12/2017 rwemeza ko nta shingiro zifite. [10] Ku zindi ngingo z’ubujurire, ku wa 23/03/2018, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RCA00115/2017/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Uwantege Gasser Ritha na Kalimba Joseph bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza RC00613/2016/TGI/NYGE ruhindutse kuri bimwe, ko ku birebana n’imitungo igomba kuzungurwa nk’uko yemejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, inzu zanditse kuri nomero y’ubucuruzi: 102161946 zifite ubuso bungana na 346,231sqm ziri mu kibanza 348 kiri mu Mudugudu wa Kicukiro, Akagari ka Kicukiro, Umurenge wa Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, ari iza Uwantege Gasser Ritha, rwemeza ko Umurungi Nelly, Murebwayire Marie Claire na Uwimpuhwe Marie Rosine bagobotse mu rubanza nabo bagomba kugira uruhare mu izungura ryemejwe mu rubanza RC00613/2016/TGI/NYGE, ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [11] Kalimba Jean Claude, Kalimba Peace, Kalimba Edmond, Kalimba Noella, Ruzindana Diane na Ruzindana Lyse bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru abajuriye bahinduye ikiburanwa batanga ikirego gishya, kandi amategeko atabyemera, ko ibyo byagaragarijwe Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru ariko ntiyabiha agaciro, ahubwo ategeka ko igice kinini cy’umutungo uburanwa gifite agaciro karenze miliyoni mirongo itanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (50.000.000Frw) cyaherera k’umuntu umwe gusa, basaba Urukiko kubasuzumira niba gutanga ikirego gishya mu bujurire byemewe. Bavuga kandi ko hari imitungo y’ababyeyi babo yashyizwe mu mitungo izungurwa, basaba ko iyo mitungo yavanywa mu bigomba kugabanwa n’abazungura ba Kalimba Ferdinand. Basaba kandi guhabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cya Avoka. [12] Abaregwa batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba gusuzuma niba ikirego cyaragombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere mu gihe kitabanje gusuzumwa n’inama y’umuryango mbere y’uko gishyikirizwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha, gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere kuko izungura riri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ibanze. Basaba kandi guhabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n'ay’ibihembo by’aba Avoka. [13] Kalimba Gaston na Ufitese Liliane bagobotse ku bushake kuri uru rwego, bavuga ko nk’abazungura ba Kalimba Ferdinand bamenye ko imitungo yasize irikuburanwa, basaba nabo ko bazayibonaho uruhare rwabo. [14] Mbere y’uko urubanza ruburanishwa mu mizi, Kalimba Gaston wari wagobotse ku bushake mu rubanza yarapfuye, hahamagazwa umugore we Mutesi Philomène kugira ngo arukomeze kubera ko ari we wegukanye umutungo wose nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 76, igika cya mbere, agace 1, y’Itegeko N° 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura3 , ariko amenyesha uru Rukiko ko adafite inyungu zo kurukurikirana, Urukiko ruhita rufatira mu ntebe icyemezo cyo kuburanisha urubanza adahari 3 Ivuga ko « Abashyingiranywe bafitanye amasezerano y’ivangamutungo rusange bazungurwa mu buryo bukurikira: iyo umwe apfuye usigaye yegukana umutungo wose akubahiriza inshingano yo kurera abana babo n’ab’uwapfuye bemewe n’amategeko».

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nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 121, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi4. [15] Kubera impamvu zitandukanye harimo n’iyo kugira ngo ababuranyi bajye kumvikana ikibazo bafitanye bagikemure mu nzira y’ubwimvikane, iburanisha ry’uru rubanza ryagiye ryimurirwa ku matariki atandukanye ariko biza kurangira ubwumvikane budashobotse, urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/11/2022, ababuranyi bitabye, uretse Mutesi Philomène, kandi bunganiwe ndetse banahagarariwe mu buryo bukurikira : Abarega bose ari bo Kalimba Jean Claude, Mukabakaka Peace, Kalimba Edmond, Kalimba Noella, Ruzindana Diane na Ruzindana Lyse bahagarariwe na Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney ; Uwantege Gasser Ritha yunganiwe na Me Ndaruhutse Janvier afatanyije na Me Nsabimana Jean Baptiste ; Kalimba Joseph ahagarariwe na Me Ndaruhutse Janvier hamwe na Me Nsabimana Jean Baptiste ; Umurungi Nelly, Murebwayire Marie Claire na Uwimpuhwe Marie Rosine bahagarariwe na Me Mwesigye Livingston ; Ufitese Liliane wagobotse ku bushake ahagarariwe na Me Mwesigye Livingston. [16] Nyuma y’uko iburanisha ry’uru rubanza ripfundikiwe ariko rutarasomwa, ku wa 17/11/2022, Pacislaw Firm ibarizwamo Me Ndaruhutse Janvier, yashyize muri système inyandiko y’inama y’umuryango yo ku wa 12/11/2022, naho ku wa 23/11/2022, Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney nawe ashyiramo inyandiko yo ku wa 21/11/2022 isaba kudaha agaciro inama yakozwe ku wa 12/11/2022 yiswe iy’umuryango wo kwa Kalimba Ferdinand: Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 75 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru5, rusanga atari ngombwa kongera gupfundura iburanisha kuko rutazazishingiraho. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO [17] Harebwe imiburanire ya buri ruhande, uru rubanza rurimo ibibazo bikurikira: icyo kumenya niba ikirego cya Kalimba Jean Claude na bagenzi be kitaragombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere 4 Ivuga ko «Iyo abahamagawe bavugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo bataje gukomeza urubanza mu gihe bahawe, urubanza rucibwa badahari, hubahirizwa amategeko agenga ababuranyi anze kwitaba urukiko». 5 Iteganya ko «Muri rusange nta nyandiko, imyanzuro y’urubanza cyangwa inyandiko ikubiyemo ingingo ziburanishwa bishobora kohererezwa urukiko nyuma y’inama ntegurarubanza. Icyakora, igihe cyose urubanza rutaracibwa, iyo habonetse inyandiko cyangwa se ikindi kintu gishya cyafasha mu kugaragaza ukuri kivumbuwe n’umwe mu baburanyi, ashobora kugishyikiriza urukiko, rugasuzuma niba cyakwakirwa. Iyo iburanisha ryari ryarapfundikiwe, umuburanyi asaba ko ripfundurwa. Urukiko ubwarwo ni rwo rusuzuma niba ari ngombwa gupfundura iburanisha, iyo rusanze ruzashingira kuri icyo kintu gishya mu guca urwo rubanza (…..)».

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kuko kitabanje gushyikirizwa inama y’umuryango mbere y’uko kiregerwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha, kumenya niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere cyangwa niba bwari bufitwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze, kumenya niba hari ikirego gishya cyatanzwe mu bujurire na Uwantege Gasser Ritha n’ingaruka byagira ku rubanza, kumenya niba hari amazu abiri (2) yasizwe n’ababyeyi b’abarega akwiye kuvanywa mu mitungo igomba kugabanwa n’abazungura ba Kalimba Ferdinand no kumenya niba hari indishyi zo gushorwa mu rubanza ku maherere, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’ibihembo by’aba Avoka akwiye gutangwa muri uru rubanza. 1. Kumenya niba ikirego cya Kalimba Jean Claude na bagenzi be kitaragombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere kuko kitabanje gushyikirizwa inama y’umuryango mbere y’uko kiregerwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha [18] Uwantege Gasser Ritha na Me Ndaruhutse Janvier afatanije Me Nsabimana Jean Baptiste bamwunganira, ndetse na Me Mwesigye Livingston, uhagarariye Umurungi Nelly, Murebwayire Marie Claire, Uwimpuhwe Marie Rosine na Ufitese Liliane, bavuga ko mu iburanisha ry’urubanza RC00319/2016/TGI/NYGE, abaregwa batanze inzitizi isaba kutakira ikirego cy’abarega kuko kijyanye n’ikibazo cy’izungura cyavutse mu muryango wa Kalimba Ferdinand bakaba batarabanje ku gishyikiriza inama y’umuryango kugira ngo igisuzume mbere yo kukiregera Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha nk’uko biteganywa n'ingingo ya 84 y'Itegeko Nº27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko inama y’umuryango ari yo ishinzwe gukemura impaka cyangwa ibibazo mu muryango byerekeranye n’izungura mbere y’uko bishyikirizwa Komite y’Abunzi cyangwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha; Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rushingiye ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy'urwunge rw'amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y'umutungo w'abashyingiranywe, impano n'izungura, rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite kuko amategeko agomba gukurikizwa ari arebana n’izungura igihe kuzungura Kalimba Ferdinand byagombaga gutangirira, bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ibyemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. [19] Bavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 101 y'Itegeko Nº27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryibukwijwe haruguru iteganya ko: Izungura ryafunguwe guhera ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 ariko igabana rikaba ritaraba rizakorwa hakurikijwe iri tegeko, basanga kuba iki kibazo kitarigeze gishyikirizwa inama y'umuryango mbere y’uko kiregerwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha, kitaragombaga kwakirwa n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ndetse n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko kitari cyujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko, basaba uru Rukiko gukuraho imanza zaciwe mbere hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 158 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ababifitemo inyungu bakaziyambaza inama y’umuryango ikaba ari yo ibakemurira ikibazo, byananirana kikabona gushyikirizwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. [20] Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney, uhagarariye Kalimba Jean Claude na bagenzi be, avuga ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, ndetse no mu Rukiko Rukuru yagaragaje ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’abaregwa isaba kutakira ikirego cy’abarega kubera ko kitabanje gushyikirizwa inama y’umuryango kugira ngo igisuzume, nta shingiro ifite, kuko hari inyandiko yashyize muri système yemeza ko inama y'umuryango yagiye itumizwa inshuro nyinshi ariko bikananirana bitewe na Madame Uwantege Gasser Ritha wabananizaga, ko nawe ubwe (Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney) yayitabiriye inshuro ebyiri bananirwa kumvikana.

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[21] Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney avuga ko akurikije amakimbirane ari mu muryango, Uwantege Gasser Ritha yagiye yihakana abarega, akaba yarabahaye procuration, ariko akaza kuyibaka, akurikije n'agaciro k'ikiburanwa, ndetse n'imanza zabanjirije uru, bitari gushoboka ko iyo nama y’umuryango iterana, akaba asanga ahubwo ari uburyo bwo gutinza urubanza kuko amafaranga y'ubukode yose ajya mu mufuka wa Uwantege Gasser Ritha, ndetse ko n’aho baburana hagiye kuba exproprié mu gihe kitarenze umwaka, akaba ari inzira Uwantege Gasser Ritha ashakisha kugira ngo azabone ayo mafaranga abandi basigare iheruheru. Uko Urukiko rubibona [22] Ingingo ya 84, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigena imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, iteganya ibikurikira : « Inama y’umuryango ni yo ishinzwe gukemura impaka cyangwa ibibazo mu muryango byerekeranye n’izungura mbere y’uko bishyikirizwa Komite y’Abunzi cyangwa urukiko rubifitiye ububasha ». Naho ingingo ya 101 y’iryo Tegeko, igateganya ko : « Izungura ryafunguwe guhera ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 ariko igabana rikaba ritaraba rizakorwa hakurikijwe iri tegeko ». [23] Ingingo ya 162 y’Itegeko N° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, iteganya ko « Inama y’umuryango ari urwego rwo mu muryango rushinzwe cyane cyane kurengera inyungu z’abagize uwo muryango no gukemura ibibazo biwuvutsemo ». Na none ingingo ya 163, agace ka 1° n’aka 2° y’iryo tegeko, igateganya ko « Inshingano z’Inama y’umuryango ari izi zikurikira : 1° kurengera inyungu z’umuryango ; 2° kumva no gukemura ibibazo byerekeranye n’izungura n’ibindi byose bivutse mu muryango ». [24] Ingingo ya 83, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko «Impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ari ingingo yose isaba kutakira ikirego cy’umuburanyi, hatinjiwe mu mizi yacyo, kubera ko adafite uburenganzira bwo kurega, nko kuba adafite ububasha n’inyungu zo kurega, ubusaze bw’ikirego, kurenza igihe cyo kurega, urubanza rwabaye itegeko cyangwa kudatanga amagarama, harabayeho amasezerano yo kwikiranura cyangwa iyo hari imihango itarubahirijwe iteganywa n’itegeko». [25] Ingingo ya 84, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryavuzwe haruguru, ndetse n’ingingo ya 162 y’Itegeko N° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 ryavuzwe haruguru, zumvikanisha ko mu gihe mu muryango havutse ikibazo kirebana n’inzungura, kigomba kubanza gushyikirizwa inama y’umuryango kugira ngo igisuzume kubera ko ari rwo rwego rushinzwe kurengera inyungu z’abagize uwo muryango no gukemura ibibazo biwuvutsemo, cyananirana, kikabona kuregerwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. Urukiko rurasanga uyu ari umuhango ugomba kubahirizwa mbere y’uko icyo kibazo kiregerwa Urukiko. Naho ngingo ya 83, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, igateganya ko iyo uwo muhango uteganywa n’itegeko utubahirijwe, ikirego kitakirwa. [26] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko abaregwa ari bo Kalimba Gasser Ritha na Kalimba Joseph baburana ku rwego rwa mbere, batanze inzitizi isaba kutakira ikirego cyatanzwe n’abarega ishingiye ku kuba cyaratanzwe mu Rukiko kitarabanje gushyikirizwa inama y’umuryango, Urukiko

## Page 9

Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rushingiye ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru, rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite kuko amategeko agomba gukurikizwa ari arebana n’izungura yakoreshwaga igihe kuzungura Kalimba Ferdinand byagombaga gutangira (ni ukuvuga igihe yapfiriye)6 . Byumvikanisha ko rutigeze rusuzuma niba umuhango wavuzwe haruguru wubahirijwe cyangwa utubahirijwe. [27] Nk’uko bigarazwa n’urubanza RCA00115/2017/HC/KIG rujuririrwa mu gika cyarwo cya 3, Kalimba Joseph na Uwantege Gasser Ritha, iyo nzitizi bayijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, maze mu gika cya 6 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwemeza ko nta shingiro ifite. [28] Kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rutarasuzumye ko uwo muhango wubahirijwe cyangwa utubahirijwe, Urukiko Rukuru narwo rukemeza ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Uwantege Gasser Ritha na Kalimba Joseph kuri iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, uru Urukiko rurasanga inkiko zabanje zarakoze amakosa yo kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi zitabanje gusuzuma ko uwo muhango wubahirijwe cyangwa utubahirijwe. [29] Ibijyanye n’imiburanire ya Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney y’uko hari inyandiko yashyize muri système yemeza ko inama y'umuryango yagiye itumizwa inshuro nyinshi ariko bikananirana ko iterana bitewe na Madame Uwantege Gasser Ritha wabananizaga, Urukiko rurasanga ntacyo byamumarira kuko nawe yiyemerera ko nta nama y’umuryango yigeze iba, kandi itegeko riteganya ko iyo nama igomba kubanza yaterana igasuzuma ibibazo by’umuryango, byananirana bigashyikirizwa inteko y’Abunzi cyangwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. Urukiko rurasanga na none ibyo avuga ko nawe ubwe (Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney) yayitabiriye inshuro ebyiri ariko kumvikana bikananirana, usibye ko bivuguruzanya n’ibyo avuga ko inama itigeze iterana kubera amananiza ya Uwantege Gasser Ritha, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko usibye ku bivuga gusa nta bimenyetso yatanze bigaragaza ko inama y’umuryango yigeze iterana ngo inanirwe kugera ku mwanzuro; bityo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, kuba atagaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana biramutsindisha. [30] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba Kalimba Jean Claude na bagenzi be barahise baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ikibazo kirebana n’izungura ry’umutungo wasizwe na Kalimba Ferdinand batabanje kugishyikiriza inama y’umuryango we kugira ngo igisuzume, ari impamvu yagombaga gutuma icyo kirego kitakirwa kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, bityo n’imanza zaciwe mbere zikaba zigomba kuvanamwaho nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 158, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi7, ubifitemo inyungu akazashyikiriza ikibazo inama y’umuryango ikagikemura, byananira akabona kwiyambaza Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. 6 Reba igika cya 4 cy’urubanza RC 00613/2016/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 21/03/2017 7 Iteganya ko iyo urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwararegewe mu rwego rwa mbere mu buryo budakurikije amategeko cyangwa rwararegeye urukiko rudafite ububasha, nyamara urwo rukiko rukaba rwarafashe icyemezo cyo kurwakira kandi rutaragombaga kurwakira, urukiko rwajuririrwe rwakira ubwo bujurire, rukagaragaza ko urwo rubanza rwajuririwe rwari rwararegewe urukiko rwa mbere mu buryobujurire bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rugatesha agaciro ibyemezo byose byashingiye kuri iryo kosa; ubifitemo inyungu akaba yakongera agatanga ikirego bundi bushya.

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2. Kumenya niba hagomba gutangwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’ibihembo by’aba Avoka. [31] Abajuriye basaba Urukiko gutegeka abaregwa kubaha indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu zingana na miliyoni cumi (10.000.000Frw), miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego, ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw) y’amagarama. [32] Abaregwa n’ababunganira bavuga ko batatanga izo ndishyi kuko nta shingiro zifite kubera ko abarega ari bo bahisemo inzira y’inkiko, ko rero bakwiye kwirengera ingaruka zabyo. [33] Uwantege Gasser Ritha avuga ko abajuriye bose bamushoye mu manza nta mpamvu, kuko ikibazo bari kugikemurira mu muryango, uko kujyanwa mu manza, bigatera n'amakimbirane mu muryango bitari ngombwa akaba abisabira indishyi zingana na miliyoni eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (5.000.000Frw). Asaba kandi gusubizwa miliyoni eshanu z’amafranga y’u Rwanda (5.000.000Frw) yatanze akurikirana uru rubanza harimo n’amatike y’indere kuko byagiye bimusaba gutega indege ava aho atuye i Burayi na miliyoni cumi (10.000.000Frw) yishyuye aba Avoka kuva ku rwego rwa mbere. [34] Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney, uhagarariye abajuriye, avuga ko indishyi Uwantege Gasser Ritha asaba nta shingiro zifite, kuko ari we nyirabayazana w’izi manza harebwe inyandiko ziri muri dosiye zabaye hagati y'ababuranyi b’impande zombi zasabaga ubwumvikane, ariko akabyanga, bituma biyambaza Inkiko. [35] Me Mwesigye Livingston, avuga ko abo ahagarariye Umurungi Nelly, Murebwayire Marie Claire na Uwimpuhwe Marie Rosine bakomeje gushorwa mu manza ku maherere bigatuma bagira ibyo batakaza, bakaba basaba gusubizwa miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka ndetse n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y'ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri wese. [36] Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney avuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na Umurungi Nelly, Murebwayire Marie Claire na Uwimpuhwe Marie Rosine, nta shingiro afite kuko ari bo banyirabayazana b’izi manza. Uko Urukiko rubibona [37] Ingingo ya 111, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko « Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza ». Naho igika cya kabiri cy’iyo ngingo kikavuga ko « Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe ». [38] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itwangwa ryabyo ivuga ko « Buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana ».

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[39] Ingingo ya 9 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 133/MOJ/AG/18 ryo ku wa 04/06/2018 rigena amafaranga atangwa mu manza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko « Iyo umuburanyi yitabye urukiko aturutse mu mahanga, urukiko rugena amafaranga y’urugendo, amutunga hamwe n’ay’icumbi rushingiye ku nyemezabuguzi rwashyikirijwe ». [40] Urukiko rurasanga abajuriye batahabwa indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ay’ibihembo by’aba Avoka ndetse n’amagarama basaba kuko batsinzwe uru rubanza, bigaragara rero ko ari bo babaye banyirabazana b’izi manza, kubera ko ikirego cyabo bakiregeye Urukiko batabanje kugishyikiriza inama y’umuryango kugira ngo igisuzume. [41] Urukiko rusanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranabanza n’ay’ibihembo by’aba Avoka, abaregwa basaba afite ishingiro, kuko byabaye gombwa ko biyambaza abanyamategeko bo kubaburanira, ariko bakaba bakwiye kuyagenerwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko ayo basaba ari menshi. [42] Kuri Umurungi Nelly, Murebwayire Marie Claire, na Uwimpuhwe Marie Rosine, Urukiko rurasanga bakwiye guhabwa bose hamwe ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza yose hamwe akaba miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw), ariko bakaba batahabwa indishyi zo gushyorwa mu manza basaba kuko bagenewe ibyo batakaje muri uru rubanza. [43] Kuri Uwantege Gasser Ritha, Urukiko rurasanga nawe akwiye guhabwa ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza yose hamwe akaba miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw), ariko akaba atahabwa indishyi zo gushyorwa mu manza asaba kuko agenewe ibyo batakaje muri uru rubanza. [44] Urukiko rurasanga na none Uwantege Gasser Ritha atahabwa miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) y’amatike y’indege avuga ko yatanze ava i Burayi aho atuye aza gukurikirana uru rubanza mu Rwanda, kuko atayagaragariza ibimenyetso nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 9 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 133/MOJ/AG/18 ryo ku wa 04/06/2018 yavuzwe haruguru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [45] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Kalimba Jean Claude na bagenzi be kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [46] Rwemeje ko urubanza RC00319/2016/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 21/03/2017 n’urubanza RCA00115/2017/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/03/2018 zivanweho. [47] Rutegetse Kalimba Jean Claude na bagenzi be gufatanya ku buryo bungana guha Uwantege Gasser Ritha ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza yose hamwe akaba miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw). [48] Rutegetse kandi Kalimba Jean Claude na bagenzi be gufatanya ku buryo bungana guha Umurungi Nelly, Murebwayire Marie Claire, na Uwimpuhwe Marie Rosine bose hamwe ibihumbi

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magana arindwi (700.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza yose hamwe akaba miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw). [49] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.