Kalisa v. Cogear

Kalisa v. Cogear

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2011-11-12 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0079/09/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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Kalisa v. Cogear [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA–2011SC – RCOMA 0079/09/CS (Nyirinkwaya, P.J., Mukamulisa na Mukamulisa, J.) 12 Ugushyingo2011] Amategeko y’ubucuruzi–Igihe ubwishingire bw’ibicuruzwa butangirira–Ubwishingire bw’ibicuruzwa butangira ibicuruzwa bikiva mu bubiko bwaho bihagurukira bwambere– Ibicuruzwa byibwe bikiri mu bubiko bwaho bihagurukira ntibiryozwa umwishingizi– Amasezerano y’ubwishingizi hagati ya Cogear na Kalisa Appolo,Ingingo ya 8, Amategeko y’Ubucuruzi–Igiciro cyishingiwe mu masezerano– Iyo igiciro cyishingiwe mu masezerano kirenze agaciro k'ikintu cy’ishingiwe nta buryarya bitewe buryarya, cyangwa ubujura bw’umwe mu bayagiranye,amasezerano akomeza kugira agaciro ariko ku buryo butarenze agaciro k'ibintu byishingiwe–Umwishingizi yishyura gusa agaciro k’ibicuruzwa kagaragara ku nyemezabuguzi–Itegeko–teka n° 20/75 ryo kuwa 20 kamena 1975 rishiraho amategeko agenga ubwishingizi,ingingo ya 29. Incamake y’ikibazo : Kalisa Appolo yafashe muri Cogear ubwishingizi ku byago byose kuri toni 320 z’umuceri zagombaga kugera i kigali zivuye Dar es Salaam Igihe ibicuruzwa byari bikiri mu bubiko bw’icyambu cya Dar es Salaam bitegereje kuzanwa i Kigali, hibwe toni 40 z’umuceri. Ku byageze i Kigali hagaragaye imifuka 533 yangirikiye muri Magerwa. Cogear yanze kwishyura ibicuruzwa ibyibwe ivuga ko ikibazo cyavutse urugendo kuva Dar es Salam rutaratangira.ku byerekeye ndishyi

zigomba kwishyurwa ku bijyanye n’imifuka y’umuceri yangirikiye muri Magerwa kuko Kalisa yasabaga ko hakurikizwa agaciro yatanze ubwo yafataga ubwishingizi naho Cogear ikavuga ko hagomba gukurikizwa agaciro nyakuri. Kalisa yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, rwemeza ko nta ndishyi Cogear igomba gutanga ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byibwe kuko byibwe igihe cy’ubwishingire bwa Cogear kitaratangira.Ku bijyanye n’ umuceri wangirikiye muri Magerwa,Urukiko rwategetse Cogear (1)kwishyura ibyangiritse hakurikijwe agaciro kabyo nyakuri, hakiyongeraho inyungu zibazwe kuri 25% ku mwaka uhereye kuwa 20/10/2007 kugeza igihe urubanza ruzasomerwa,(2) ikanishyura 300.000fr buri kwezi y’ubukererwe mu kubahiriza ibikubiye muri uru rubanza, n’igihembo cya avoka kingana na 550.000frw. Kalisa yajuririye kino cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’ikirenga,ku mpamvu ebyiri: (i) kuba umucamanza wa mbere yarahaye ubusobanuro butari bwo ingingo ya 8 y’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yemeza ko ubwishingire bwatangiraga ibicuruzwa bihagurukijwe Dar es Salaam bigashyirwa ku rugendo rugana i Kigali, nyamara iyo ngingo isobanura ko ubwishingire bw’ibicuruzwa butangira igihe bivuye mu bubiko bw’aho bihagurukira bwa mbere, bukarangira igihe byinjijwe mu bubiko aho bigomba kujyanwa,(ii) Kuba urukiko rutaremeje ko Cogear yubahiriza agaciro kavugwa mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi ya 100.000.000Rwfrs. Cogear ikavuga ko : (i)Ingingo ya 8 y’amasezerano igaragaza igihe n’aho urugendo rwishingiwe rutangirira n’aho rurangirira igateganya ko ubwishingire bw’ibicuruzwa butangira igihe bivuye mu bubiko bw’aho bihagurukira bwa mbere, bukarangira igihe byinjijwe mu bubiko aho bigomba kujyanwa ikindi nuko no mu masezerano yihariye y’ubwishingizi bagiranye yerekana

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ko byari ugutwara ibicuruzwa mu nzira y’ubutaka,(ii) ako gaciro karuta agaciro nyakuri k’ibicuruzwa, ko rero hagomba guherwa ku mafaranga nyakuri yishyuwe agaragara kuri fagitire. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. Ibicuruzwa Kalisa Appolo akurikiranyeho ubwishingire kuri Cogear byibwe igihe cy’ubwishingire bwa Cogear butaratangira kuko byari bikiri mu bubiko bw’icyambu cya Dar es Salaam, bitarahagurutswa Dar-es Salam ngo bishyirwe ku rugendo rugana i Kigali. 2. lyo igiciro cyishingiwe mu masezerano kirenze agaciro cy'ikintu cy’ishingiwe, umwe mu bagiranye amasezerano yarabigizemo uburyarya, cyangwa ubujura, undi ashobora gusaba ko ayo masezerano avanwaho kandi akanasaba indishyi z'akababaro ikindi nuko iyo hatabayeho uburyarya cyangwa ubujura, amasezerano akomeza kugira agaciro ariko ku buryo butarenze agaciro k'ibintu byishingiwe. Igiciro cyishingiwe mu masezerano kirenze agaciro k'ikintu by’ishingiwe kuko igaciro kishingiwe ari 100.000.000Rwfrs, naho agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byishingiwe kakaba ari 63.000 USD ( 34.666.950frw ku giciro cya 549.919Rwfrs) yiyongeraho amafaranga 15.555.050Rwfrs nk’uko bigaragara kuri fagitire. Ubujurire nta shingiro; Urubanza rwajuririwe ntiruhindutse; Amagarama aherereye k’uwajuriye. Amategeko yashingiweho: Amasezerano y’ubwishingizi hagati ya Cogear na Kalisa Appolo,Ingingo ya 8, Itegeko–teka n° 20/75 ryo kuwa 20 kamena 1975 rishiraho amategeko

agenga ubwishingizi,ingingo ya 29. Imikirize I. IMITERERE Y’ URUBANZA [1] KALISA Appolo yatumije imifuka 6400 y’umuceri ihwanye na toni 320 ku giciro cya 83.200 USD (valeur rendue à Dar es Salaam). Ibyo bicuruzwa byaturukaga muri VIETNAM bikagera i Dar es Salaam binyuze iyo mu bwato, byahagera bigakomeza bizanywa i Kigali mu nzira y’ubutaka. [2] KALISA yafashe muri COGEAR ubwishingizi bwo gutwara ibintu ku byago byose bishobora kuba kuri ibyo bicuruzwa (assurance tous risques) kuva Dar es Salaam kugera KIGALI. Igihe ibicuruzwa byari bikiri mu bubiko bw’icyambu cya Dar es Salaam bitegereje kuzanwa i Kigali, hibwe toni 40 z’umuceri. Bimaze kugera i Kigali naho hari n’iyindi mifuka 533 yangirikiye muri MAGERWA i Kigali. [3] COGEAR yanze kwishyura ibicuruzwa byibwe ivuga ko ikibazo cyavutse urugendo kuva Dar es Salam rutaratangira. KALISA na COGEAR ntabwo bashoboye no kumvikana ku ndishyi zigomba kwishyurwa ku bijyanye n’imifuka y’umuceri yangirikiye muri MAGERWA kuko

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KALISA yasabaga ko hakurikizwa agaciro yatanze ubwo yafataga ubwishingizi (valeur assurée) naho COGEAR ikavuga ko hagomba gukurikizwa agaciro nyakuri. [4] KALISA yaregeye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, urukiko ruca urubanza kuwa 08/10/2009, rwemeza ko nta ndishyi COGEAR igomba gutanga ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byibwe kuko byibwe igihe cy’ubwishingire bwa COGEAR kitaratangira, icyo gihe ngo akaba ari igihe byagombaga guhagurutswa Dar es Salaam bigashyirwa ku rugendo rugana i Kigali. Ku bijyanye n’ umuceri wangirikiye muri MAGERWA, Urukiko rwategetse COGEAR kwishyura ibyangiritse hakurikijwe agaciro kabyo nyakuri nk’uko kari kabazwe mu nyandiko yo kuwa 08/01/2009, ni ukuvuga 4.091.262frw, hakiyongeraho inyungu zibazwe kuri 25% ku mwaka uhereye kuwa 20/10/2007 kugeza igihe urubanza ruzasomerwa. Rwategetse kandi COGEAR kwishyura 300.000fr buri kwezi y’ubukererwe mu kubahiriza ibikubiye muri uru rubanza, n’igihembo cya avoka kingana na 550.000frw. [5] KALISA Appolo ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, arujuririra mu Rukiko rw’ikirenga aho urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 28/09/2010, ahagarariwe na Me Masumbuko, COGEAR ihagarariwe na Me Kayitare Serge. Ababuranyi bajyiye impaka ku kibazo cy’ahantu ( le lieu) ubwishingizi bw’ibicuruzwa bwagombaga gutangirira no ku kibazo cy’ indishyi zigomba kwishyurwa kubijyanye n’umuceri wangirikiye muri MAGERWA. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1° Ikibazo cy’ahantu ( le lieu) ubwishingizi bw’ibicuruzwa bwagombaga gutangirira. [6] Uhagarariye Kalisa Appolo yaburanye avuga ko COGEAR yari yarishingiye ibicuruzwa mu rugendo rwose ngo kuko yari yarafashe ubwishingizi ku byago byose byari kuba (assurance tous risques) kuri ibyo bicuruzwa, akanavuga ko umucamanza wa mbere yahaye ubusobanuro butari bwo ingingo ya 8 y’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi kuko yemeza ko ubwishingire bwa COGEAR bwatangiraga ibicuruzwa bihagurukijwe Dar es Salaam bigashyirwa ku rugendo rugana i Kigali, nyamara iyo ngingo isobanura ko ubwishingire bw’ibicuruzwa butangira igihe bivuye mu bubiko bw’aho bihagurukira bwa mbere, bukarangira igihe byinjijwe mu bubiko aho bigomba kujyanwa. [7] Uhagarariye COGEAR we avuga ko umucamanza wa mbere yasesenguye neza iyo ngingo ya 8 y’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi. [8] Ingingo ya 8 y’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi igaragaza igihe n’aho urugendo rwishingiwe rutangirira n’aho rurangirira iteganya ko ubwishingire bw’ibicuruzwa butangira igihe bivuye mu bubiko bw’aho bihagurukira bwa mbere, bukarangira igihe byinjijwe mu bubiko aho bigomba kujyanwa1; 1 “La garantie de l’assureur prend effet au moment où les marchandises assurées, conditionnées pour l’expédition, quittent le magasin au point extrême de départ du voyage stipulé aux conditions particulières et cesse au moment où elles entrent dans le magasin du destinataire ou de ses représentants ou ayants droit au lieu de destination du voyage”.

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[9] Amasezerano yihariye y’ubwishingizi hagati ya COGEAR na Kalisa Appolo nayo agaragaza ko Kalisa yari yafashe ubwishingizi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu nzira y’ubutaka gusa ( assurance de transport terrestre ) yerekeye urugendo Dar es Salaam - Kigali, [10] Urukiko rusanga nk’uko byasobanuwe mu buryo bwumvikana n’umucamanza wa mbere ibicuruzwa Kalisa Appolo akurikiranyeho ubwishingire kuri COGEAR byaribwe igihe cy’ubwishingire bwa COGEAR butaratangira kuko byari bikiri mu bubiko bw’icyambu cya Dar es Salaam , bitarahagurutswa Dar-es Salam ngo bishyirwe ku rugendo rugana i Kigali, bityo ubujurire bwe kuri iyi ngingo bukaba nta shingiro bufite. 2° Ikibazo cy’ indishyi zigomba kwishyurwa ku bijyanye n’umuceri wangirikiye muri

MAGERWA [11] Uhagarariye Kalisa Appolo avuga ko amasezerano abantu bagiranye aba itegeko hagati yabo, ko rero COGEAR igomba kubahiriza agaciro kavugwa mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi, ni ukuvuga 100.000.000frw, naho COGEAR ikavuga ko ako gaciro karuta agaciro nyakuri k’ibicuruzwa (sur-assurance), ko rero hagomba guherwa ku mafaranga nyakuri yishyuwe agaragara kuri fagitire yo kuwa 24/08/2006. [12] Ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko –teka n° 20/75 ryo kuwa 20 kamena 1975 ku birebana n’ubwishingire burenze agaciro k'igishinganwa, iteganya mu gika cyayo cya mbere ko : « lyo igiciro cyishingiwe mu masezerano kirenze agaciro k'ikintu cy’ishingiwe, umwe mu bagiranye amasezerano yarabigizemo uburyarya, cyangwa ubujura, undi ashobora gusaba ko ayo masezerano avanwaho kandi akanasaba indishyi z'akababaro », igateganya mu gika cyayo cya kabiri ko « iyo hatabayeho uburyarya cyangwa ubujura, amasezerano akomeza kugira agaciro ariko ku buryo butarenze agaciro k'ibintu byishingiwe….» . [13] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, ikigaragara n’uko igiciro cyishingiwe mu masezerano kirenze agaciro k'ikintu cy’ishingiwe kuko igiciro cyishingiwe ari 100.000.000frw, naho agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byishingiwe kakaba ari 63.000 USD ( 34.666.950frw ku giciro cya 549.919frw) yiyongeraho amafaranga 15.555.050frw nk’uko bigaragara kuri fagitire, hakaba rero hagomba kubahirizwa ibivugwa mu ngingo y’itegeko imaze kuvugwa nk’uko

byasobanuwe nanone n’umucamanza wa mbere, bityo ubujurire bwe kuri iyi ngingo bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [14] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kalisa Appolo nta shingiro bufite. [15] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [16] Rutegetse Kalisa Appolo kwishyura amagarama y’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza, ahwanye na 21.300 frw, atayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani agakurwa mubye ku ngufu za Leta.