UBUSHINJACYAHA v KAMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v KAMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00298/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v KAMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00298/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 28 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Kamana Faustin mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, bumusabira igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga 25,000,000 Frw, kuko abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bamusangana urumogi udupfunyika 130, nawe imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, akemera ko amaze imyaka 5 anywa urumogi, akaba amaze umwaka 1 abicuruza kandi ko abigemurirwa n’uwitwa Nyugu ndetse akaba agurisha agapfunyika k’urumogi ku mafaranga 150. Yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi ahakana icyo kurucuruza, avuga ko amafaranga y’ihazabu ntaho yayakura. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16. Kamana Faustin yajuririye na none Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira urukiko arusaba kwongera kumugabanyiriza ibihano kugeza ku myaka itanu kubera ko aburana yemera icyaha akaba ari n’ubwa mbere yari akurikiranywe n’inkiko. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bukavuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Hashingirwa ku bikubiye mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, abahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu, bafite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bituma bahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, bakaba bagenerwa igihano kitari munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Urukiko rurasanga, igifungo cy’imyaka 16 Kamana Faustin yahanishijwe kubera gucuruza udupfunyika 130 tw’urumogi, kiri mu rugero rukwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze kandi kiri mu murongo umwe w’izindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, bityo akaba agomba guhamishwa kuri gihano. 2. Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2;

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Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 64. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha v Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014; RPAA 00355/2023/CA, Ubushinjcyaha v Twizeyimana Anastase, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024; RPAA 00367/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 30/12/2020, Kamana Faustin ari mu Mudugudu wa Karambo, Akagari ka Sasabirago, mu Murenge wa Fumbwe yakubise uwitwa Nsengiyumva Severien, mu gihe abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bagiye kumufata bamusangana urumogi udupfunyika 130. Mu nyandiko y’ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 31/12/2020 imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, Kamana Faustin yemeye ko amaze imyaka 5 anywa urumogi, akaba amaze umwaka 1 abicuruza kandi ko abigemurirwa n’uwitwa NYUGU ndetse akaba agurisha agapfunyika k’urumogi ku mafaranga 150. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, bumusabira igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25,000,000Frw). Kamana Faustin yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi ahakana icyo kurucuruza, avuga ko amafaranga y’ihazabu ntaho yayakura. [3] Mu rubanza nº RP 00364/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 26/03/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Kamana Faustin wemereye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha ko anywa kandi agacuruza urumogi, kuri raporo yakozwe n’inzego z’ibanze, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi rufatiriwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko Kamana Faustin ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [4] Kamana Faustin yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru anenga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije ibihano biremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano bihagije ndetse akanabisubikirwa kuko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Kamana nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe ibihano bihagije kandi ko impamvu ajuririsha ariyo yashingiweho agabanyirizwa, kandi ko isubikagihano asaba atarikwiye hakurikijwe ingano y’igihano yahanishijwe, busaba kugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [5] Mu rubanza nº RPA 00618/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 21/03/2024 Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rumaze gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire za Kamana Faustin,

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rwasanze hari izindi mpamvu zatuma yongera kugabanyirizwa igihano zirimo kuba aribwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha ku buryo buzwi no kuba nta yindi myitwarire idasanzwe imurangwaho yaba yaragaragajwe n’Ubushinjacyaha; rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16ans). [6] Kamana Faustin yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri nº RPAA 00298/2024/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 16/1/2025 yunganiwe na Me RUGEYO Jean naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Kamana Faustin yajuririye Urukiko rw’ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira urukiko arusaba kwongera kumugabanyiriza ibihano kugeza ku myaka itanu kubera ko aburana yemera icyaha akaba ari n’ubwa mbere yari akurikiranywe n’inkiko. Asaba kandi urukiko kuzashingira no ku mirongo yatanzwe n’uru Rukiko, cyane urubanza RPAA 00269/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 12/5/2023 aho nyirarwo uregwa yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka itanu ku cyaha gisa n’icyo ashinjwa. Me Rugeyo Jean umwunganira avuga ko, nubwo Kamana yagabanyirijwe ibihano, nyamara ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kwongera kumugabanyiriza, hashingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igihano cy’imyaka 15. [8] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Ubujurire bwa Kamana nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije, ndetse ahabwa igikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze, ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa. [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ubusabe bwa Kamana Faustin bwo kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5 ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA  Kumenya niba Kamana Faustin yakwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [10] Kamana Faustin yajuriye asaba kwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5 nacyo gisubitswe kubera ko aburana yemera icyaha akaba ari n’ubwa mbere yari akurikiranywe n’inkiko. Asaba kandi urukiko kuzashingira no ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00269/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 12/5/2023 aho nyirarwo waregwaga icyaha nk’icye yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka itanu. [11] Me Rugeyo Jean umwunganira avuga ko Kamana yagabanyirijwe ibihano ariko ko kuri uru rwego nta cyabuza umucamanza kwongera kumugabanyiriza ashingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange agahanishwa igihano cy’imyaka 15. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Ubujurire bwa Kamana nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije, ndetse ahabwa igikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze n’ubwo bwose yari yagihakanye imbere y’Urukiko, ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe

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n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe1. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ikibazo gikemurwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Kamana Faustin ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5 ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge yahamijwe. [14] Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Kamana Faustin yahamijwe, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabo itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 frw ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [15] Mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyirije igihano Kamana Faustin, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16 nubwo uyu, ku rwego rwa mbere yari yahisemo kuburana ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, icyaha yari yemeye mu Bugenzacyaha. [16] Kuri uru rwego, Kamana Faustin arifuza ko yagabanyirizwa igihano harebwa icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza RPAA 00269/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 12/5/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Byukusenge Gad washinjwaga gucuruza udupfunyika 55 tw’urumogi, uyu akaba yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 5 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 1.000.000, urubanza avuga ko rufitanye isano n’urwe ku birebana n’imikorere y’icyaha. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, urubanza RPAA 00269/2022/CA, Kamana Faustin asaba gushingiraho, rwaraciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ndetse, umucamanza akaba yaragabanyije igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko abishingiye ku rubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, uru narwo mu kwemeza ko ntacyabuza umucamanza kugena igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko mu gihe aricyo gihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, rukaba rwarishingikirije ku rubanza n° RS/Inconst/Spec 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/20019, aho rwasobanuye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ruyihuje n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 29 n’iya 151 z’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. [18] Nyuma y’uko urwo rubanza ruciriwe kimwe n’izindi zarushingiyeho, Umushingamategeko yavuguruye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, ayisimbuza ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, iteganya uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, iyi ngingo ikaba iteganya ko

1 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR

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uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [19] Mu gushyira mu bikorwa impinduka zazanywe n’itegeko rivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, uru Rukiko rwaciye imanza zitandukanye, rwemeza ko imanza zaciwe mbere y’uko iri Tegeko risohoka, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00269/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 12/5/2023 Kamana Faustin aburanisha, zidashobora gushingirwaho, ko ahubwo hashingirwa ku bikubiye mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, bityo abahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu, bafite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bituma bahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, bakaba bagenerwa igihano kitari munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 152. [20] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo y’ubujurire ya Kamana Faustin yo kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, nta shingiro ifite kuko urubanza ashingiraho rwaciwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano kuri ubu yavuyeho, bityo imihanire ye ikaba igomba gukurikiza ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“. [21] Urukiko rurasanga, ubusabe bwa Me Rugeyo Jean bw’uko Kamana Faustin yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku myaka 15 bukwiye gusuzumirwa hamwe n’imiburanire yaranze ushinjwa, aho uyu yafashwe yemera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge akanasobanura byimbitse uburyo abibonamo n’igiciro abitangaho, nyamara ageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ahitamo, ku bushake bwe, imiburanire ihakana icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, nubwo cyari cyatangiwe ibimenyetso bihagije. [22] Urukiko Rukuru, rwirengegije ko uyu yaburanye ahakana icyaha ku rwego rwa mbere, rwahisemo guha agaciro izindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe imbere y’inkiko, kuba nta yindi myitwarire mibi azwiho, ibyo bituma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16 mu mwanya w’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [23] Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu kumugenera igihano kivuzwe haruguru kuko rwemeje kugabanyiriza Kamana Faustin ibihano ku buryo buhagije, kabone n’ubwo yari yahisemo guhakana icyaha aregwa. [24] Urukiko rurasanga ibivuzwe haruguru bihuza n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MPITABAKANA, aho rwemeje ko uregwa atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe3. [25] Urukiko rurasanga imihanire ya Kamana Faustin wahamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye (udupfunyika 130 tw’urumogi), akaba yaraburanye ku rwego rwa

2 Reba igika cya 18 n’icya 19 by’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na TWAGIRUMUKIZA Innocent Réponse. 3 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V. 2, Ukwakira 2014. p.127

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mbere ahakana icyaha, igomba gusanishwa n’imanza zihuje kamere haba ku mikorere y’icyaha no ku miburanire y’ushinjwa. Rurasanga rumwe mu manza ziherutse gucibwa n’uru Rukiko ari urubanza Nº RPAA 00355/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjcyaha na TWIZEYIMANA Anastase, uyu akaba yarafashwe acuruza udupfunyika 129 tw’urumogi, nawe akaba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha nubwo hari ibimenyetso bihamye bikimushinja, uru Rukiko rukaba rwaramuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 5.000.000. [26] Urukiko rurasanga, igifungo cy’imyaka 16 Kamana Faustin yahanishijwe kubera gucuruza udupfunyika 130 tw’urumogi, kiri mu rugero rukwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze kandi kiri mu murongo umwe w’izindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nk’uko bisobanuwe haruguru, bityo akaba agomba guhamishwa kuri gihano. [27] Urukiko rurasanga, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange4, kuba Kamana Faustin ahanishijwe igifungo kiri hejuru y’imyaka itanu, isubikagihano asaba ridashoboka kuko rinyuranyije n’amategeko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kamana Faustin nta shingiro bufite. [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00618/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuwa 21/03/2024 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [30] Rwemeje ko Kamana Faustin agumishwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16ans) ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi yahamijwe. [31] Rutegetse ko Kamana Faustin asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

4 Isubikagihano ni icyemezo cy’urukiko gihagarika irangizarubanza ku gihano itegeko riteganyiriza igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5). Isubikagihano ritangwa hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha.