KAMBANDA v. HABIMANA N ABANDI

# KAMBANDA v. HABIMANA N ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-07-29 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00024/2022/CA CMB RCOMAA 00026/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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KAMBANDA v. HABIMANA N ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00024/2022/CA CMB RCOMAA 00026/2022/CA (Munyangeri, P.J.,) 29 Nyakanga 2022] Amategeko agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara – Cyamunara – gutesha agaciro cyamunara – Kutamenyesha uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate ibaruwa isaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara, ntaho biteganyijwe ko ari impamvu ndemyagihugu ku buryo byafatwa nk’inzitizi yatuma ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kitakirwa na cyane ko uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate ataba ari we uzafata icyemezo kuri uwo busabe. Amategeko agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara – Cyamunara – Gutesha agaciro cyamunara – N’ubwo cyamunara ikorwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bufunguka igihe kigeze bukagaragaza amazina y’abapiganwe n’ibiciro batanze bikagaragarizwa uwapiganwe, uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate, uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate na nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate, ubwo buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga budakuraho ko mu kuyikoresha hubahirizwa ibihe byo kuyitangaza biteganywa n’itegeko. Amategeko agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara – cyamunara – gutesha agaciro cyamunara – Mu gihe habaye cyamunara hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate ntago ari we wigenera igihe cyamunara izaberaho, we icyo akora muri iryo koranabuhanga nuko agendera ku matariki ritanga, akabona gutangaza amatariki ya cyamunara. Incamake y ikibazo : Uwitwa Furaha Eugène yahawe inguzanyo na sosiyete FGB FUND (Rwanda) Ltd, nawe atanga ingwate y umutungo utimukanwa, ariko nyuma yaho ntiyashobora kuyishyura nkuko byumvikanywe bituma uwamuhaye inguzanyo isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate yahawe, irabuhabwa hanashyirwaho Me Habimana Vedaste nk’ushinzwe kuyigurisha.

Me Habimana Vedaste yakoresheje cyamunara y’uwo mutungo, iyo ngwate ikaba yari igiye kugurishwa kuri cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya gatatu, yegukanwa na Kambanda Elie wari witabiriye ipiganwa rya cyamunara wenyine, atanga igiciro kingana na 511.000.000Frw. Nyuma ya cyamunara, uwahawe inguzanyo nawe yaregeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, asaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara avuga ko hatubahirijwe ingengabihe ya cyamunara yateganyijwe mu mabwiriza yayo, no kuba itangazo rya kabiri n’irya gatatu bya cyamunara bitarubahirije ibihe biri hagati y’itangazo n’umunsi wa cyamunara no kuba kandi raporo ya cyamunara idasobanura uko yagiye igenda. Me Habimana Vedaste wari ushinzwe kugurisha umutungo muri cyamunara yiregura avuga ko imihango ya mbere yo kurega itubahirijwe kuko Furaha atamumenyesheje ko yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko cyamunara iteshejwe agaciro.

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Me Habimana Vedaste yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, avuga ko mu kubara ibihe byo gutangaza cyamunara, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku mategeko agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate kandi yarahinduwe, ko mu kubara ibihe by’itangazwa rya cyamunara, mu rubanza rujuririrwa habazwe ibihe kugeza ku munsi cyamunara itangiriraho kandi atari byo kuko hagomba kubarwa kugeza igihe “system” ifungukiye, bityo ko ikirego cya Furaha kitagomba kwakirwa kubera ko mu kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara, atamumenyesheje nk’uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate nk’uko amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru abiteganya, bityo ko nta ndishyi yagombaga gucibwa kubera ko cyamunara yakoze ikurikije amategeko.

Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Me Habimana Vedaste nta shingiro bufite, bityo ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n urukiko rubanza. Kambanda Elie wari witabiriye ipiganwa yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu guteza cyamunara, ryubatse ku buryo iyo ibiciro bimaze gushyirwamo idashobora kwifungura, ko yongera gufunguka nyuma y’iyo minsi irindwi, abo cyamunara ireba bose bakabona ibiciro byatanzwe. Avuga kandi ko byibuze byafata iminsi icyenda aho kuba icumi, ko iminsi icumi iteganyijwe kuri cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya mbere, na ho cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya kabiri n’iya gatatu, iminsi icumi ikaba idateganyijwe. Me Habimana Vedaste yajuririye avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutarebye ibiteganywa n’ingingo y amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru irebana no guteza cyamunara ingwate, kandi ko Inkiko zibanza zibeshye zivuga ko mu gutangaza cyamunara, ku nshuro ya kabiri n’iya gatatu hatubahirijwe iminsi icumi (10), nyamara Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Nº 005/MOJ/AG/21 ryo ku wa 07/06/2021 ryerekeye irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha ari ryo riteganya iminsi kandi ko riteganya iminsi irindwi (7), avuga ko abapiganwa muri cyamunara bafite iminsi irindwi yo kuba binjiye muri cyamunara ikorwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Impuguke Harerimana Zacharie yoherejwe na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ifite mu nshingano imicungire y’uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa mu irangiza ry’inyandikompesha, yahawe ijambo mu rukiko maze arusobanurira uko bigenda mu gihe cya cyamunara ikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, avuga ko Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru kimwe n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera biteganya ko cyamunara ikorwa ari imwe ariko mu nshuro eshatu, ko ku nshuro ya mbere, nyir’umutungo cyangwa uwahawe ingwate bemerewe kwanga igiciro cyatanzwe iyo kitageze kuri mirongo irindwi na gatanu ku ijana (75% ) by’agaciro k’umutungo, ibyo bakabikora mu masaha makumyabiri n’ane (24), mu yandi masaha makumyabiri n’ane (24) akurikiye, umuhesha w’Inkiko akamenyesha rubanda ko cyamunara ikomeje. Impuguke ikomeza isobanura ko hagati y’inshuro ya mbere n’inshuro ya kabiri, hagomba kuba harimo iminsi irindwi (7), ko iyo ku nshuro ya kabiri hanzwe igiciro na none, na byo bikorwa mu gihe cy’amasaha makumyabiri n’ane (24), mu yandi masaha makumyabiri n’ane (24) akurikira, umuhesha w’Inkiko akongera kumenyesha rubanda ko cyamunara ikomeje, ko ku nshuro ya gatatu, cyamunara ikorwa ku giciro cyo hejuru cyatanzwe kandi ko uwinjiye mu ipiganwa rya cyamunara atemerewe kurivamo, ko akomeza kugaragara mu byiciro byose ndetse akaba atemerewe kugaruka atanga igiciro kiri hasi y’icyo yatanze igihe yinjiraga mu ipiganwa rya cyamunara.

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Impuguke isobanura kandi ko ku nshuro ya gatatu ya cyamunara, harebwa igiciro cyo hejuru cyatanzwe, uwagitanze akaba ari we wegukana umutungo kandi ko kuri iyo nshuro, igiciro cyo hejuru cyatanzwe cyemerwa uko cyaba kingana kose, nta yandi mahitamo nyir’umutungo afite yo kucyanga. Incamake y icyemezo: 1. Kutamenyesha uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate ibaruwa isaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara, ntaho biteganyijwe ko ari impamvu ndemyagihugu ku buryo byafatwa nk’inzitizi yatuma ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kitakirwa na cyane ko uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate ataba ari we uzafata icyemezo kuri uwo busabe. 2. N’ubwo cyamunara ikorwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bufunguka igihe kigeze bukagaragaza amazina y’abapiganwe n’ibiciro batanze bikagaragarizwa uwapiganwe, uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate, uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate na nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate, ubwo buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga budakuraho ko mu kuyikoresha hubahirizwa ibihe byo kuyitangaza biteganywa n’itegeko. 3. Mu gihe habaye cyamunara hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate ntago ari we wigenera igihe cyamunara izaberaho, we icyo akora muri iryo koranabuhanga nuko agendera ku matariki ritanga, akabona gutangaza amatariki ya cyamunara. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amagarama y urubanza ahwanye n’ ibyarukozwemo. Amategeko yashingiweho: Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, Ingingo ya 29. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/06/01/25 watanzweho ingwate muri FGB FUND (Rwanda) Ltd kubera inguzanyo yahawe Furaha Eugène. Furaha Eugène ntiyashobora kuyishyura, bituma FGB FUND (Rwanda) Ltd isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate yahawe, irabuhabwa hanashyirwaho Me Habimana Vedaste nk’ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate.

[2] Ku wa 01/11/2021, Me Habimana Vedaste yakoresheje cyamunara y’uwo mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/06/01/25, iyo ngwate ikaba yari igiye kugurishwa kuri cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya gatatu, yegukanwa na Kambanda Elie wari witabiriye ipiganwa rya cyamunara wenyine, atanga igiciro kingana na 511.000.000 Frw. Nyuma ya cyamunara, ku wa 13/11/2021,

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Furaha Eugène yaregeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, asaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara kubera ko hatubahirijwe ingengabihe ya cyamunara yateganyijwe mu mabwiriza yayo, kuba itangazo rya kabiri n’irya gatatu bya cyamunara bitarubahirije ibihe biri hagati y’itangazo n’umunsi wa cyamunara no kuba raporo ya cyamunara idasobanura uko yagiye igenda.

[3] Me Habimana Vedaste avuga ko imihango ya mbere yo kurega itubahirijwe kuko Furaha Eugène atamumenyesheje ko yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara. Avuga kandi ko ingengabihe ya cyamunara yakoreshejwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga yubahirijwe kandi ko ihuye n’amabwiriza yayo, kuko amatangazo agaragaza ko ipiganwa muri cyamunara ya mbere ryari gutangira ku wa 07/10/2021 kugeza ku wa 14/07/2021, ku cyiciro cya kabiri kuva ku wa 16/10/2021 kugeza ku wa 23/10/2021 n’icyiciro cya gatatu kuva ku wa 25/10/2021 kugeza ku wa 01/11/2021. Avuga kandi ko ibihe biri hagati y’itangazo n’umunsi wa cyamunara byubahirijwe, ko raporo ya cyamunara igaragaza ko yitabiriwe n’umuntu umwe kuri cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya mbere, aba ari na we ugaruka mu zakurikiyeho aranayegukana, kandi ko byakozwe na “system” nta makosa ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yakoze.

[4] Mu rubanza RCOM 01456/2021/TC rwaciwe ku wa 09/12/2021, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko cyamunara yo ku wa 01/11/2021 yakozwe ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/06/01/25 wa Furaha Eugène iteshejwe agaciro, rwemeza ko Me Habimana Vedaste agomba kwishyura Furaha Eugène 800.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, rumutegeka kwishyura ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ingana na 20.000Frw.

[5] Me Habimana Vedaste yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, avuga ko mu kubara ibihe byo gutangaza cyamunara, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 31 y’amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate kandi yarahinduwe, ko mu kubara ibihe by’itangazwa rya cyamunara, mu rubanza rujuririrwa habazwe ibihe kugeza ku munsi cyamunara itangiriraho kandi atari byo kuko hagomba kubarwa kugeza igihe “system” ifungukiye, ko Urukiko rubanza rutumvise neza imikorere ya cyamunara ikorewe ku ikoranabuhanga hakurikizwa amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru, aho rwavuze ko amabwiriza y’ushinzwe gucunga ingwate atagaragaza intangiriro n’iherezo rya cyamunara ku buryo byajijisha nyir’umutungo ugurishwa, ko ariko atari byo kubera ko amabwiriza aba ari agateganyo kuko cyamunara ishobora kuba cyangwa ntibe, kandi ko muri cyamunara yabaye harimo upiganwa umwe wagiye ugaruka ku nshuro zose. Kuri uru rwego, Kambanda Elie wegukanye umutungo wagurishijwe mu cyamunara, yagobotse mu rubanza ku bushake.

[6] Me Habimana Vedaste yajuriye avuga kandi ko ikirego cya Furaha Eugène kitagombaga kwakirwa kubera ko mu kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara, atamumenyesheje nk’uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate nk’uko amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru abiteganya, ko nta ndishyi yagombaga gucibwa kubera ko cyamunara yakoze ikurikije amategeko.

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[7] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00807/2021/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 30/12/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Me Habimana Vedaste nta shingiro bufite, rutegeka ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 01456/2021/TC rwaciwe ku wa 09/12/2021, rutegeka ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Me Habimana Vedaste na Kambanda Elie, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.

[8] Ku wa 04/01/2022, Kambanda Elie yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00024/2022/CA. Kuri iyo tariki na none, Me Habimana Vedaste na we yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00026/2022/CA. Imanza zombi zarahujwe, zandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00024/2022/CA CMB RCOMAA 00026/2022/CA.

[9] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 04/04/2022, uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa kubera ko Furaha Eugène wavuze ko yunganirwa mu rubanza yari yahawe ikiruhuko cy’uburwayi, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 13/04/2022, Kambanda Elie ahagarariwe na Me Abijuru Emmanuel, Me Habimana Vedaste yunganiwe na Me Mukabibi Fatuma, Furaha Eugène ahagarariwe na Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney, hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe n’uruhande rwa Furaha Eugène, ishingiye ku kuba abajuriye baratsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje, hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ku wa 29/04/2022, Urukiko rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha nta shingiro ifite, rwemeza ko iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi rizakomeza ku wa 10/05/2022.

[10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 10/05/2022 Kambanda Elie ahagarariwe na Me Abijuru Emmanuel, Me Habimana Vedaste yunganiwe na Me Mukabibi Fatuma, Furaha Eugène ahagarariwe na Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney, iburanisha rirapfundikirwa, ababuranyi bamenyeshwa ko ruzasomwa ku wa 27/05/2022, uwo munsi ntirwasomwa bitewe n’uburwayi bw’Umucamanza, isomwa ryarwo ryimurirwa ku wa 03/06/2022.

[11] Ku wa 03/06/2022, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi, rwemeza ko umukozi wa Minisiteri y’Ubutabera aza gusobanurira Urukiko amakuru akubiye muri dosiye ya cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ifite nº 00480/2021/RCV/ORG, yakorewe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/06/01/25 wa Furaha Eugène, rwemeza ko iburanisha ry’urubanza rizapfundurwa ku wa 16/06/2022 saa mbiri n’igice (8H30).

[12] Ku wa 16/06/2022, iburanisha ry’urubanza ryarasubitswe kubera ko Furaha Eugène yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yihana umucamanza uburanisha urubanza, nyuma yo gutanga igisubizo kuri ubwo bwihane, iburanisha ry’urubanza rishyirwa ku wa 08/07/2022, uwo munsi urubanza ruraburanishwa ababuranyi b ahagarariwe nka mbere, hari kandi umukozi wa Minisiteri y’Ubutabera witwa Harerimana Zacharie waje gutanga amakuru akubiye muri dosiye ya cyamunara igibwaho impaka yakozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

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II.IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

1. Kumenya niba hari ibitarubahirijwe kuri cyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo UPI: 1/03/06/01/25 yo ku wa 01/11/2021 ku buryo yateshwa agaciro

[13] Me Habimana Vedaste avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutarebye ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, igika cya 2 y’amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 002/2021/ORG yo ku wa 29/06/2021 irebana no guteza cyamunara ingwate. Asobanura ko Inkiko zibanza zibeshye zivuga ko mu gutangaza cyamunara, ku nshuro ya kabiri n’iya gatatu hatubahirijwe iminsi icumi (10), nyamara Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Nº 005/MOJ/AG/21 ryo ku wa 07/06/2021 ryerekeye irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha ari ryo riteganya iminsi kandi ko riteganya iminsi irindwi (7), abapiganwa muri cyamunara bakaba bafite iminsi irindwi yo kuba binjiye muri cyamunara ikorwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

[14] Akomeza avuga ko ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu guteza cyamunara, ryubatse ku buryo iyo ibiciro bimaze gushyirwamo idashobora kwifungura, ko yongera gufunguka nyuma y’iyo minsi irindwi, abo cyamunara ireba bose bakabona ibiciro byatanzwe, mu masaha 24 ufite icyo avuga ku biciro byatanzwe akakivuga. Avuga kandi ko byibuze byafata iminsi icyenda aho kuba icumi, ko iminsi icumi iteganyijwe kuri cyamunara yok u nshuro ya mbere, na ho cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya kabiri n’iya gatatu, iminsi icumi ikaba idateganyijwe.

[15] Atanga urugero ko ku wa 10/05/2022 abaye afite cyamunara yo gushyira kuri gahunda, akora itangazo rimenyesha rubanda ko hari cyamunara izatangira ku wa 10/05/2022 saa yine, iryo tangazo rikamara iminsi icumi (10), ko guhera ku wa 10/05/2022 abapiganwa batangira gutanga ibiciro mu gihe cy’iminsi irindwi, ko iyo cyamunara itabaye ku nshuro ya mbere, cyamunara zikurikiyeho zidasaba gushyirwa mu minsi icumi, ko bandika amatangazo bavuga ko cyamunara ikomeje. Me Habimana Vedaste avuga ko abacamanza ba mbere batashoboye guhuza amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, kandi ko iyo bagenzi be batanze ikirego babisobanukirwa, batari kugitanga ndetse ko ubu Inkiko zahinduye umurongo zafataga mbere.

[16] Me Mukabibi Fatuma avuga ko Inkiko zagiye zishingira ku mabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru zirengagije Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera rirebana na cyamunara ikozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, ko byose byubatswe na “system” kandi ko uwo yunganira yagerageje kubisobanura. Asaba Urukiko ko ruramutse rukeneye ibindi bisobanuro, rwaziyambaza Umwanditsi Mukuru. Akomeza avuga ko habayeho kwitiranya igihe Kambanda Elie yinjiriye muri “system” ku nshuro ya mbere, ko yayigiyemo ku wa 12/10/2021 kandi ko cyamunara yagombaga kuba kuri 14/10/2021, ko hakwiye gutandukanywa igihe cyamunara yabereye n’igihe umuguzi yinjiriye mu ipiganwa ry’ikoranabuhanga, ko kuba Kambanda Elie yaragarutse ku nshuro ya kabiri ntahindure igiciro, ari yo mpamvu hagarutse itariki ya 12/10/2021, ko ku nshuro ya gatatu hajemo indi tariki, kubera ko Kambanda Elie yari yahinduye igiciro

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[17] Me Habimana Vedaste abazwa ukuntu itariki ya 12/10/2021 yaje ku nshuro ya mbere no ku nshuro ya kabiri, asobanura ko ikoranabuhanga ryubatse ku buryo ku nshuro ya nyuma abatanze ibiciro bose bagaragara muri “system”, ko ku nshuro ya kabiri hagarutse itariki yo ku wa 12/10/2021 kubera ko Kambanda Elie ari we wenyine wagarutse mu ipiganwa kandi ntahindure igiciro. Atanga urugero ko iyo ku nshuro ya mbere ya cyamunara hazamo abapiganwa batatu, ntihaboneke igiciro kigera kuri mirongo irindwi na gatanu ku ijana (75%) by’agaciro k’umutungo utezwa cyamunara, n’ubundi ku nshuro ya kabiri n’iya gatatu ari bo bagombaga kugaruka kuri ya tariki ya mbere, ko ku nshuro ya mbere habonetse upiganwa umwe, ku nshuro ya kabiri hakaboneka babiri ariko igiciro ntikiboneke, ku nshuro ya gatatu ba bantu bose bapiganwe bagaragara.

[18] Me Abijuru Emmanuel avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Kambanda Elie zihuye n’izatanzwe na Me Habimana Vedaste, ko Inkiko zabanje zitashoboye guhuza Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera n’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru yo ku wa 29/06/2021 mu ngingo yayo ya 2, igika cya 5 ko kandi amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru avuga ko iyo cyamunara ikozwe mu ikoranabuhanga, hubahirizwa Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera. Akomeza avuga ko kuba cyamunara yaratangajwe mu gihe cy’iminsi irindwi, amategeko yubahirijwe, ko kandi iyo umuntu yiyemeje kujya muri cyamunara aba yiyemeje gupiganwa kugeza muri cyamunara ya nyuma, ko n’iyo ashatse kubivamo hari ibihano bimuteganyirijwe, akaba kandi atagomba kuza ajya munsi y’igiciro yatanze ku nshuro ya mbere. Na we avuga ko igihe cyo kwinjira muri “system” upiganwa atanga igiciro, kitagomba kwitiranywa n’igihe cya cyamunara nyir’izina.

[19] Me Abijuru Emmanuel akomeza avuga ko kuba Inkiko zaravuze ko ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate atubahirije ingengabihe ya cyamunara, ko amabwiriza ya cyamunara agaragaza igihe cyamunara itangirira ariko ntagaragaze igihe irangirira, zirengagije ko amabwiriza y’imigendekere ya cyamunara n’amatangazo byose byuzuzanya, kubera ko amatangazo ya cyamunara agaragaza itariki cyamunara itangirira n’igihe irangirira.

[20] Asobanura ko nta muntu wagombaga kuza kugura muri cyamunara wagize icyo atakaza bitewe no kuba mu mabwiriza atarabonye itariki cyamunara izarangiriraho kandi amatangazo agaragaza igihe cyamunara itangirira n’igihe irangirira, ayo matangazo akaba ari yo atangarizwa rubanda, ko kandi umurongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu guca urubanza rwajuririwe, ubu rwamaze kuwuhindura mu manza RCOM 01604/2021/TC, RCOM 00908/2021/TC na RCOM 00658/2021/TC.

[21] Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney avuga ko nta cyo yavuga ku manza zivuzwe na Me Abijuru Emmanuel avuga ko zahinduye umurongo wari warafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mbere kuko atazi ibizikubiyemo, ko namara kuzishyira muri dosiye ari bwo azamenya uko bimeze agire icyo azivugaho. Avuga ko ku itariki ya 13/10/2021, ari bwo Me Habimana Vedaste yatanze mu Kagari itangazo rya cyamunara yo ku wa 14/10/2021, cyamunara yo kuri 25/10/2021 atanga itangazo mu Kagari ku wa 23/10/2021, akaba yibaza niba iminsi irindwi avuga yuzuye, ko kandi Me Habimana Vedaste yatangaje ko cyamunara ya mbere izaba ku wa 14/10/2021, muri raporo ya cyamunara akavuga ko cyamunara ya mbere yabaye ku wa 12/10/2021.

## Page 8

[22] Akomeza asobanura ko Umwanditsi Mukuru atanga icyemezo cyo guteza cyamunara, ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate agatanga ingengabihe ya cyamunara (cahier des charges), cyamunara yarangira agakora raporo ya burundu ivuga uko cyamunara yagenze, ko kandi muri iyo raporo, uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate adasobanura uko cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri zagenze, ko yanditsemo amatariki ya cyamunara gusa. Avuga kandi ko kuba havugwa ko cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri zagumye kuri 12/10/2021 bitewe n’uko Kambanda Elie atahinduye igiciro atari byo, ko ari amagambo y’umuburanyi yo kugira ngo yivane mu kibazo, ko itariki ya 12/10/2021 atari itariki Kambanda Elie yatangiriyeho igiciro, ahubwo ari itariki ya cyamunara kandi ko “system” atari ko yubatse ku buryo amatariki ya cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri yakomeza kuba amwe.

[23] Asaba Urukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe, kubera ko ingengabihe ya cyamunara igaragaza ko cyamunara izaba ku wa 14/10/2021, ko amatangazo avuga ko cyamunara ya mbere izaba ku wa 14/10/2021, cyamunara ya kabiri ikaba ku wa 23/10/2021, akaba yibaza icyabaye ku itariki ya 14/10/2021 n’aho itariki ya 12/10/2021 yaba yaravuye, ko rero ari Me Habimana Vedaste wabishyize muri “system”, atari “system” yabyiyandikiye.

[24] Me Habimana Vedaste avuga ko itangazo rya cyamunara rivuga ko cyamunara ihera ku wa 07/10/2021 kugeza ku wa 14/10/2021, ko cyamunara iba ifunguye mu gihe cy’iminsi irindwi, ko raporo igaragaza igihe upiganwa yinjiriye mu ipiganwa n’igiciro kinini cya nyuma cyatanzwe, kandi ko hagaragazwa itariki igiciro kinini cyatangiweho ndetse igiciro cya nyuma kikaba cyaratanzwe ku wa 01/11/2021 saa 9H05.

[25] Me Abijuru Emmanuel avuga ko inyandiko Me Uwamungu Jean Vianney avugaho igaragaza abapiganwe n’igihe batangiye ibiciro atari raporo ya cyamunara, ko raporo irambuye isobanura uko ibintu byagenze muri cyamunara ari inyandiko iri mu bimenyetso isobanura uko imihango inyuranye ya cyamunara yagiye ikorwa, ikaba iri mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi.

[26] Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney avuga ko itariki cyamunara yabereyeho ku nshuro ya nyuma ari yo yo ku wa 01/11/2021, Me Habimana Vedaste ayikuye mu nyandiko yitwa raporo ya cyamunara, ko ari na ho yakuye ibyo ku itariki ya 12/10/2021, ko rero bitashoboka ko cyamunara ebyiri zibera umunsi umwe, akaba ari yo mpamvu avuga ko itubahirije amategeko. [27] Impuguke Harerimana Zacharie yahawe umwanya wo gutanga ibisobanuro bikenewe, abanza gusobanura muri rusange uko bigenda mu gihe cya cyamunara ikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga: Asobanura ko Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru kimwe n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera biteganya ko cyamunara ikorwa ari imwe ariko mu nshuro eshatu, ko ku nshuro ya mbere, nyir’umutungo cyangwa uwahawe ingwate bemerewe kwanga igiciro cyatanzwe iyo kitageze kuri mirongo irindwi na gatanu ku ijana (75% ) by’agaciro k’umutungo , ibyo bakabikora mu masaha makumyabiri n’ane (24), mu yandi masaha makumyabiri n’ane (24) akurikiye, umuhesha w’Inkiko akamenyesha rubanda ko cyamunara ikomeje.

## Page 9

[28] Impuguke Harerimana Zacharie akomeza asobanura ko hagati y’inshuro ya mbere n’inshuro ya kabiri, hagomba kuba harimo iminsi irindwi (7), ko iyo ku nshuro ya kabiri hanzwe igiciro na none, na byo bikorwa mu gihe cy’amasaha makumyabiri n’ane (24), mu yandi masaha makumyabiri n’ane (24) akurikira, umuhesha w’Inkiko akongera kumenyesha rubanda ko cyamunara ikomeje, ko ku nshuro ya gatatu, cyamunara ikorwa ku giciro cyo hejuru cyatanzwe kandi ko uwinjiye mu ipiganwa rya cyamunara atemerewe kurivamo, ko akomeza kugaragara mu byiciro byose ndetse akaba atemerewe kugaruka atanga igiciro kiri hasi y’icyo yatanze igihe yinjiraga mu ipiganwa rya cyamunara.

[29] Impuguke Harerimana Zacharie asobanura kandi ko ku nshuro ya gatatu ya cyamunara, harebwa igiciro cyo hejuru cyatanzwe, uwagitanze akaba ari we wegukana umutungo kandi ko kuri iyo nshuro, igiciro cyo hejuru cyatanzwe cyemerwa uko cyaba kingana kose, nta yandi mahitamo nyir’umutungo afite yo kucyanga.

[30] Ku birebana na cyamunara yakozwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga kuri dosiye ifite Nº 00480/2021/RCV/ORG, yakorewe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/06/01/25 wa Furaha Eugène, impuguke Harerimana Zacharie asobanura ko amakuru akubiye muri “system” ya cyamunara agaragaza amakuru akurikira:

-Icyiciro cya mbere cya cyamunara cyatangiye ku wa 07/10/2021 kirangira ku wa 14/10/2021; -Icyiciro cya kabiri cya cyamunara cyatangiye ku wa 16/10/2021 kirangira ku wa 23/10/2021; -Icyiciro cya gatatu cya cyamunara cyatangiye ku wa 25/10/2021 kirangira ku wa 01/11/2021. [31] Asobanura ko icyiciro cya mbere cya cyamunara n’icya kabiri bitabereye ku munsi umwe ndetse ko bitanashoboka kubera ko haba harimo ikinyuranyo cy’amasaha, kandi ko atari umuntu ushyira amatariki n’amasaha muri “system”, ahubwo ari yo ubwayo yishyiriramo gahunda.

[32] Ku kibazo kirebana no kuba uruhande rwa Furaha Eugène ndetse n’Inkiko zibanza, bavuga ko cyamunara ku nshuro ya mbere n’iya kabiri zabaye ku wa 12/10/2021, impuguke Harerimana Zacharie asobanura ko akurikije amakuru ari muri “system”, nta cyamunara yabaye ku wa 12/10/2021, ko hashobora kuba harabayeho kwitiranya amatariki, ko harebwe neza ibyakozwe muri “system”, hagaragazwa ko ku wa 12/10/2021 ari itariki umukiliya yatangiyeho igiciro.

[33] Ku kibazo cyabajijwe cyo kumenya niba ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate ashobora guhindura amatariki yatanzwe na “system”, impuguke Harerimana Zacharie asobanura ko nta kintu ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate akora muri “system”, ko icyo akora ari ugutanga amatangazo gusa, ko iyo icyiciro runaka cya cyamunara kirangiye, “system” ubwayo ari yo itanga raporo

## Page 10

ikayishyira muri IECMS, ko kwemeza igiciro bikorwa na “system”, ko ikindi kintu gikorerwa muri “system” ari igihe nyir’umutungo atemeye igiciro, kuko ari ho abigaragariza.

[34] Impuguke Harerimana Zacharie avuga ko iyo ku nshuro ya mbere ya cyamunara hatanzwe igiciro kigera kuri 75% by’agaciro k’umutungo ugomba gutezwa, “system” ihita ifunga ubwo cyamunara ikaba irangiye, kandi ko n’iyo ku nshuro ya mbere n’iya kabiri za cyamunara hatagira utanga igiciro, ibyo byiciro bitaba imfabusa, ko bikomeza kubarwa mu mubare w’ibigize cyamunara.

[35] Mu kugira icyo bavuga ku bisobanuro byatanzwe n’impuguke Harerimana Zacharie, Me Abijuru Emmanuel avuga ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, igika cya kabiri y’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera ihuye n’ibisobanuro bitanzwe n’umukozi wa Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, ko mu gihe cyo kuburana basobanuye ko ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate atari we utanga amatariki y’igihe cyamunara izakomereza, ko bishyirwaho na “system” kandi ko ariko raporo ibigaragaza, ko rero bitandukanye n’ibyavugwaga n’uruhande rwa Furaha Eugène ko hagati ya cyamunara n’indi hagomba kubamo iminsi icumi (10).

[36] Akomeza avuga ko ku birebana n’impaka zari zerekeranye n’igihe icyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri bya cyamunara byabereye, ko basobanuye ko uwatanze igiciro ku nshuro ya mbere adashobora kwivana mu ipiganwa rya cyamunara, ko basobanuye ko “system” ari yo yagaruye Kambanda Elie ku nshuro ya kabiri ya cyamunara yerekana itariki ya 12/10/2021 kubera ko ari yo tariki yinjirijemo igiciro ku nshuro ya mbere, kandi ko kugarura uwatanze igiciro ku nshuro ya mbere atari “system” ibyibwiriza yonyine, ahubwo binateganywa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, agasaba ko ubujurire bwa Kambanda Elie buhabwa ishingiro.

[37] Me Mukabibi Fatuma avuga ko ibisobanuro bitanzwe n’impuguke bihuye n’ibyo we n’uwo yunganira batanze mu gihe cy’iburanisha, ko rero asanga nta kosa Me Habimana Vedaste yakoze mu gihe cya cyamunara, ko urujijo rwariho rukuweho n’ibisobanuro bitanzwe n’impuguke, akaba asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.

[38] Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney avuga ko ibisobanuro bitanzwe n’impuguke nta cyo bihinduye ku mpungenge bari bagaragaje mbere hose, ko atumva uburyo ku nshuro ya kabiri ya cyamunara, “system” itakuruye Kambanda Elie ngo igaragaze imwe mu matariki agize icyiciro cya kabiri cya cyamunara, ni ukuvuga hagati y’itariki ya 16/10/2021 na 23/10/2021, ko raporo ya cyamunara ifite inenge mu gihe itaragaraza icyabaye hagati y’ayo matariki.

[39] Kuri iki kibazo Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney yibaza, impuguke Harerimana Zacharie asobanura ko ari cyamunara imwe ariko ifite ibyiciro bitatu, ko iyo umuguzi yinjiye mu ipiganwa bwa mbere ku cyiciro cya gatatu, bidakuraho iza mbere zabaye, kandi ko n’ubwo Kambanda Elie yahinduye igiciro ku nshuro ya nyuma, n’iyo atagihindura “system” yari

## Page 11

kumugaragaza kubera ko ari yo igaragaza urutonde rw’abamaze gutanga igiciro kandi ko ikomeza kugaragaza itariki yatangiriyeho igiciro cya mbere, ko ku nshuro ya mbere n’iya kabiri, “system” igaragaza ko Kambanda Elie yashyizeho igiciro ku wa 12/10/2021, ko raporo ya “system” igaragaza ko ku nshuro ya mbere, Kambanda Elie yatanze igiciro ku wa 12/10/2021, ku nshuro ya kabiri ntiyahindura igiciro, “system” imugarura muri raporo yo kuri iyo nshuro , igaragaza ko yatanze igiciro ku wa 12/10/2021.

[40] Me Abijuru Emmanuel avuga ko raporo isohorwa na “system” iteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, igika cya 3 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, kandi ko ku nshuro ya kabiri “system” itari guhindurira Kambanda Elie itariki atarahinduye igiciro mu gihe n’itegeko riteganya ko ibyo yakoze ku nshuro ya mbere biba bigifite agaciro.

[41] Me Habimana Vedaste avuga ko umuntu watanze igiciro haba ku nshuro ya mbere, iya kabiri cyangwa iya gatatu, “system” ibagumana bose kugira ngo ku nshuro ya gatatu izagaragaze abapiganwe bose n’uwatanze igiciro cyo hejuru muri bo.

Uko Urukiko rubibona

[42] Ingingo ya 29, igika cya 1 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate iteganya ko “Ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate amenyekanisha igurisha mu cyamunara nibura iminsi icumi (10) mbere y’umunsi wa cyamunara kuri radiyo cyangwa televiziyo no mu kinyamakuru cyandikirwa mu icapiro cyangwa gikorera kuri interineti bikorera mu Rwanda”. Mu gika cya kabiri iteganya ko “Iyo minsi ibarwa uhereye ku munsi ukurikira uwo cyamunara yatangarijweho habariwemo umunsi cyamunara izaberaho”. Mu gika cya gatatu igateganya ko “Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate amanika iryo tangazo ku biro by’Akagari ingwate iherereyemo akanarishyira mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa mu kurangiza inyandikompesha igihe uru rubuga ruri gukora”.

[43] Ingingo ya 2, igika cya mbere y’Amabwiriza Nº 002/2021/ORG yo ku wa 29/06/2021 y’Umwanditsi Mukuru ahindura Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate, iteganya ko “Cyamunara ikorwa binyuze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, ikorwa hakurikijwe imiterere y’uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa mu kurangiza inyandikompesha n’ibisabwa mu mikoreshereze yabwo nk’uko biteganywa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu nshingano ryerekeye irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha”.

[44] Ingingo ya 2, igika cya 5 y’Amabwiriza Nº 002/2021/ORG yavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko” Iyo cyamunara ikorwa binyuze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga itarangiye kubera ko nta bapiganwa babonetse cyangwa igiciro gisumba ibindi cyatanzwe mu cyamunara cyanzwe

## Page 12

n’uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate cyangwa nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate, ipiganwa rirakomeza”. Mu gika cya 6 iteganya ko “Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate atangaza ikomeza ry’ipiganwa mu gihe cy’amasaha makumyabiri n’ane (24) abarwa uhereye-1º ku isaha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwagaragaje ko nta bapiganwa babonetse; 2º ku isaha igiciro gisumba ibindi cyatanzwe mu cyamunara cyangiweho”.

[45] Ingingo ya 2, igika cya 8 y’Amabwiriza amaze kuvugwa iteganya ko “Mu gihe cya cyamunara, uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate, cyangwa nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate afite uburenganzira bwo kwishakira abaguzi bashobora gupiganwa muri cyamunara”.

[46] Mu gufata icyemezo mu rubanza RCOMA 00807/2021/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasesenguye ibibazo rwashyikirijwe maze rushingira kuri ibi bikurikira:

[47] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba uwajuriye ataramenyeshejwe inyandiko yandikiwe Umwanditsi Mukuru hasabwa gutesha agaciro cyamunara ndetse niba byari gutuma ikirego kitakirwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze kuba itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, icyo riteganya gisabwa mbere yo gutanga ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mitungo igurishwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate cyatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru ari uko ari we bisabwa, agatanga igisubizo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi utabyishimiye cyatangwa utagihawe muri icyo gihe, akaba yatanga ikirego mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu (5) y’akazi ikurikira, byumvikanisha ko mu kureba niba ibisabwa mbere y’uko hatangwa ikirego kijyanye no gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye, nta ho itegeko ryateganyije ko iyo itamenyeshejwe uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate bifatwa nk’impamvu yo kutakira ikirego.

[48] Kuri iki kibazo kandi, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze kutamenyesha uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate ibaruwa isaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara, nta ho biteganyijwe ko ari impamvu ndemyagihugu ku buryo byafatwa nk’inzitizi yatuma ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kitakirwa na cyane ko uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate ataba ari we uzafata icyemezo kuri uwo busabe, rwanzura ko nta makosa Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cya Furaha Eugène cyakirwa.

[49] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kubara ibihe byo gutangaza cyamunara, harashingiwe ku ngingo yavuguruwe kandi ko ibyo bihe bitabazwe nk’uko bikwiye, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutaragombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 31 y’amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 yavuzwe haruguru kandi nta na hamwe ivuga ibijyanye n’ibihe. Rwasanze kandi kuba ingingo ya 29 y’amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 iteganya ko cyamunara igomba kumenyekanishwa byibura iminsi icumi (10) mbere y’umunsi wa cyamunara, byumvikanisha ko kuba iya mbere yaramenyekanishijwe ku wa 23/09/2021 ku igurishwa rizaba ku wa 07/10/2021 kugeza ku wa 14/10/2021, itangazo rya kabiri ari iryo ku wa 14/10/2021 kuri

## Page 13

cyamunara ihera ku wa 16/10/2021 kugeza ku wa 23/10/2021, itangazo rya gatatu ari iryo ku wa 23/10/2021 rya cyamunara izahera ku wa 25/10/2021 kugeza ku wa 01/11/2021, byerekana ko itangazo rya cyamunara ya kabiri n’iya gatatu bitubahirije amategeko, kuko nyuma y’uko atanzwe nta minsi icumi mbere y’umunsi wa cyamunara irimo, ahubwo harimo iminsi icyenda (9).

[50] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze kandi n’ubwo cyamunara ikorwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bufunguka igihe kigeze bukagaragaza amazina y’abapiganwe n’ibiciro batanze bikagaragarizwa uwapiganwe, uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate, uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate na nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate, ubwo buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga budakuraho ko mu kuyikoresha hubahirizwa ibihe byo kuyitangaza biteganywa n’itegeko, rwanzura ko ubujurire bwa Me Habimana Vedaste kuri iyi ngingo nta shingiro bufite.

[51] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba kuba amabwiriza ya cyamunara atagaragaza intangiriro n’iherezo rya cyamunara nta mategeko byishe ku buryo bitatuma iteshwa agaciro, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze kuba amabwiriza ya cyamunara agaragaza ko yagombaga kuba ku isaha ya saa 10h00 ku nshuro zose ari ku wa 07/10/2021, ku wa 16/10/2021 no ku wa 25/10/2021 ariko inyandiko y’abapiganwe mu cyamunara ikaba yerekana ko iya mbere yabaye ku wa 12/10/2021 saa 13:20:22.857 ari na ho iya kabiri yabereyeho na ho iya gatatu iba ku wa 01/11/2021 saa 09:05:50.623, byerekana ko uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate atubahirije amabwiriza ya cyamunara kuko niba avuga ko cyamunara itangira ku munsi wa mbere w’ipiganwa ikarangira ku wa nyuma hafungurwa ibiciro nk’uko abiburanisha, nta cyamubujije kuba yanabishyira mu mabwiriza ya cyamunara, ko ibyo byumvikanisha ko amabwiriza ya cyamunara anyuranya n’igihe yakorewe kandi ko byateye urujijo abayahawe harimo abagira uruhare mu kuba bakwitabira imihango yayo harimo na Furaha Eugène watanze ingwate.

[52] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze kandi ibivugwa na Me Habimana Vedaste wajuriye ko amabwiriza ya cyamunara aba ari ay’agateganyo, ibiyateganyijwemo bikaba bishobora kutubahirizwa nta shingiro bifite kuko bibaye ari ibyo nta cyo yaba amaze, cyane ko atagaragaza itegeko riteganya ko nta gaciro ahabwa mu gihe ari yo agenga uburyo cyamunara igomba gukoreshwa no gukorwamo.

[53] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwanasanze bitumvikana uburyo cyamunara ebyiri zakorerwa umunsi umwe wo ku wa 12/10/2021:13:20:22.857 ngo ni uko ariko byatanzwe n’ikoranabuhanga kubera ko iryo koranabuhanga ariko rikora, no ku nshuro ya gatatu ryari kugarura iyo tariki ariko ryavuze ko iya gatatu yabaye ku wa 01/11/2021 saa 09:05:50.623, rusanga ibimaze kuvugwa byose bishimangira ko cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo utimukanwa UPI: 1/03/06/01/25 wa Furaha Eugène na Uwamahoro Honorine nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kuwugurisha mu cyamunara, yabaye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rwanzura ko nta makosa Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko iteshwa agaciro.

## Page 14

[54] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba indishyi zatanzwe ku rwego rubanza nta shingiro zifite no kumenya ishingiro ry’izasabwe mu rubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ibivugwa na Furaha Eugène ko nta ndishyi yagenewe mu rubanza rujuririrwa nta shingiro bifite kuko mu gika cya 19 n’icya 22 cyarwo, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko agomba guhabwa na Me Habimana Vedaste indishyi zingana na 800.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Rusanga kandi kuba ubujurire bwa Me Habimana Vedaste nta shingiro buhawe, indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yaciwe ku rwego rubanza zigomba kugumana agaciro kazo kuko zikomoka ku gikorwa cye cyatumye Furaha Eugène yiyambaza Urukiko akagira ibyo atakaza, rwanzura ko ibyo asaba by’uko izo ndishyi zikurwaho nta shingiro zifite kimwe n’uko hari izo yagenerwa muri urwo rubanza.

[55] Ku birebana n’ibihe byo gutanga amatangazo ya cyamunara, aho Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko cyamunara yabaye ku nshuro ya kabiri no ku nshuro ya gatatu itubahirije amategeko, kubera ko hagati y’itariki amatangazo yatangiriweho n’itariki ya cyamunara nyir’izina, harimo iminsi icyenda (9) aho kuba icumi (10), dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza itangazo rya cyamunara rishyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru nº 021-071438 cyo ku wa 02/09/2021 cyo kugurisha ingwate mu cyamunara hagamijwe kwishyura umwenda wa banki, ryashyizweho umukono na Me Habimana Vedaste ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate ku wa 23/09/2021.

[56] Muri iryo tangazo, ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yubatse mu kibanza UPI: 1/03/06/01/25 agaragaza ko cyamunara ku nshuro ya mbere izatangira ku wa 07/10/2021 saa yine za mugitondo (10H00) kugeza ku wa 14/10/2021 saa yine za mugitondo (10H00); itangazo rya cyamunara ku nshuro ya kabiri, ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yarishyizeho umukono ku wa 14/10/2021, asobanura ko cyamunara izatangira ku wa 16/10/2021 saa yine za mugitondo (10H00) kugeza ku wa 23/10/2021 saa yine za mugitondo (10H00); na ho itangazo rya cyamunara ku nshuro ya gatatu, ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yarishyizeho umukono ku wa 23/10/2021, agaragaza ko izatangira ku wa 25/10/2021 saa yine za mugitondo (10H00) kugeza ku wa 01/11/2021 saa yine za mugitondo (10H00).

[57] Urukiko rusesenguye ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 29 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru nº 001/2020/ORG yavuzwe haruguru, rukabihuza n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru nº 002/2021/ORG na yo yavuzwe haruguru, rurasanga cyamunara yakozwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga igomba gutangazwa byibuze mbere y’iminsi icumi (10) kuri radiyo cyangwa televiziyo no mu kinyamakuru bikorera mu Rwanda, ariko iyo itarangiye kubera ko nta bapiganwa babonetse cyangwa igiciro gisumba ibindi cyatanzwe cyanzwe n’uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate, cyangwa nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate, ushinzwe gucunga ingwate atangaza ikomeza ry’ipiganwa mu gihe cy’amasaha makumyabiri n’ane (24), bikaba byumvikanisha ko cyamunara itangazwa mbere y’iminsi icumi ari cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya mbere, na ho cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya kabiri n’iya gatatu akaba atari ngombwa, kubera ko Umwanditsi Mukuru agaragaza ko ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate atangaza ko cyamunara ikomeje, bivuze ko gutangaza cyamunara mbere y’iminsi icumi (10) bitareba cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya kabiri n’iya gatatu, kubera ko aba ari ugukomeza ipiganwa.

## Page 15

[58] Nk’uko kandi byasobanuwe n’impuguke yoherejwe na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ifite mu nshingano imicungire y’uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa mu irangiza ry’inyandikompesha, ushinzwe gucunga ingwate nta cyo akora muri iryo koranabuhanga, ahubwo agendera ku matariki ritanga, akabona gutangaza amatariki ya cyamunara, bivuze ko atari we wigenera igihe cyamunara izaberaho, kandi ko ubwo buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwateguwe ku buryo buhura n’ibiteganywa n’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate ndetse n’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 05/MOJ/AG/20 ryo ku wa 12/05/2020 ryerekeye irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukaba rusanga Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutarasobanukiwe neza ibyerekeranye n’ibarwa ry’ibihe by’amatangazo ya cyamunara ku nshuro ya kabiri n’iyo ku nshuro ya gatatu.

[59] Ku birebana n’aho uruhande rwa Furaha Eugène ruvuga ko amatagazo ya cyamunara atamanitswe ku biro by’Akagari mu minsi irindwi (7), Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko bigaragara muri dosiye ko itangazo rya cyamunara ya mbere ryashyizweho umukono n’ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate ku wa 23/09/2021, rishyikirizwa ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Gasharu umutungo uherereyemo ku wa 24/09/2021, itangazo rya cyamunara ku nshuro ya kabiri ryashyizweho umukono n’ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate ku wa 14/10/2021, rishyikirizwa ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Gasharu ku wa 14/10/2021, na ho itangazo rya cyamunara ku nshuro ya gatatu ryashyizweho umukono n’ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate ku wa 23/10/2021, rishyikirizwa ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Gasharu ku wa 25/10/2021.

[60] Urukiko rurasanga uretse kuba atagaragaza uburyo iminsi irindwi itubahirijwe ukurikije igihe ubwo buyobozi bwaherewe amatangazo, n’iminsi ubwayo iteganywa n’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru yavuzwe haruguru itareba ibijyanye no kumanika itangazo ku biro by’Akagari ingwate iherereyemo kubera ko iyo biza kuba ari ngombwa ko itangazo rimanikwa ku biro by’Akagari ingwate iherereyemo mu minsi runaka, nta cyari kubuza ko byandikwa mu ngingo ya 29 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru yavuzwe haruguru.

[61] Ku birebana no kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ruvuga ko kuba mu mabwiriza ya cyamunara ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yaragaragaje igihe cyamunara izatangirira ariko ntagaragaze igihe izajya irangirira ku nshuro zose, byaratumye hari abavukijwe amahirwe yo kuba bayitabira ndetse na Furaha Eugène nyir’umutungo wagurishijwe mu cyamunara, akaba atarashoboye kumenya amakuru ngo abe yakwishakira abaguzi, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iri sesengura atari ryo kubera , hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 26 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate iteganya ko “Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate ategura inyandiko y’amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara ikubiyemo nibura amakuru akurikira: 1º nimero y’umutungo wagurishijwe; 2º aho umutungo wagwatirijwe uherereye; 3º ubuso bw’umutungo wagwatirijwe; 4º kugaragaza umutungo ugurishwa uko uri; 5º agaciro kari ku isoko k’umutungo kagenwe n’umugenagaciro w’umutungo utimukanwa wemewe; 6º itariki cyamunara izaberaho; 7º isaha cyamunara izatangiriraho; 8º aho cyamunara izabera; 9º ingengabihe y’uburyo cyamunara zizakurikirana mu gihe habayeho iyimurwa rya cyamunara; 10º amakuru ya konti izakoreshwa mu kubika ibivuye muri cyamunara; 11º ingwate y’ipiganwa; 12º uko amafaranga

## Page 16

azava mu ngwate igurishwa azakoreshwa hakurikijwe urutonde rw’uko ibigomba kwishyurwa bikurikirana; 13º andi makuru uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate abona ari ngombwa”, ku wa 23/09/2021, Me Habimana Vedaste wahawe kugurisha ingwate yateguye “inyandiko ikubiyemo amabwiriza y’igurisha ry’ingwate yatanzwe na Furaha Eugène ku nguzanyo yahawe na Sgb Fund (Rwanda) Ltd akaba atarabashije kuyishyura hakurikijwe amasezerano bagiranye (UPI: 1/03/06/01/25)”, iyo nyandiko ikaba igaragaza ko yagaragajemo uduce twose duteganywa n’iyi ngingo y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru ndetse n’ibijyanye na two birebana na cyamunara yagombaga gukora kandi muri iyi ngingo y’Amabwiriza nta ho iteganya ko ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate agomba kugaragaza itariki cyamunara izatangiriraho n’iyo izarangiriraho.

[62] Urukiko rurasanga kandi kuba mu ngengabihe y’uburyo cyamunara zizakurikirana mu gihe habayeho iyimurwa rya cyamunara, ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yaragaragaje ko cyamunara ya mbere izatangira ku wa 07/10/2021, cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya kabiri igatangira ku wa 16/10/2021 na ho cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya gatatu igatangira ku wa 25/10/2021, nta cyo byari bwangize kuri gahunda yo kumenya igihe izarangirira mu gihe amabwiriza hateganyijwe ko hagati y’igihe itangiriye n’igihe irangirira hagomba kubamo iminsi irindwi (7). Ikindi kandi ayo mabwiriza y’ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate mu gace kayo ka 13, yibukije uwishyuzwa ko agomba kandi ko biri no mu burenganzira bwe gufungura konti muri IECMS kugira ngo yihuze n’iyo dosiye ifite Nº 00480/2021/RCV/ORG akurikirane ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru, abaye rero atarihuje kandi hari n’ubundi buryo yagombaga kumenya amatariki cyamunara zizajya zirangiriraho, bitaba impamvu yo kuvuga ko cyamunara itakurikije amategeko.

[63] Ku birebana no kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaravuze ko cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya mbere n’iyo ku nshuro ya kabiri, zombi zabereye ku itariki imwe yo ku wa 12/10/2021 saa 13:20:22.8, nyamara cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya mbere yari iteganyijwe ku wa 14/10/2021 saa yine za mugitondo (10:00) , cyamunara ku nshuro ya kabiri iteganyijwe ku wa 23/10/2021 saa yine (10:00) na ho cyamunara yo ku nshuro ya gatatu ikaba ku wa 01/11/2021 saa 09:05:50.6 kandi yari iteganyijwe kuri iyo tariki saa yine (10:00), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe n’impuguke Harerimana Zacharie woherejwe na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, amatariki agaragara ahitswe “BID DATE AND TIME”atari amatariki n’amasaha cyamunara yakoreweho, ahubwo ari amatariki upiganwa yatangiyeho igiciro, kandi kuba itariki ya 12/10/2021 saa 13:20:22.8 yaragarutse kuri cyamunara ya kabiri, byatewe n’uko Kambanda Elie winjiye mu ipiganwa ku nshuro ya mbere, atagihinduye ku nshuro ya kabiri, ibyo uruhande rwa Furaha Eugène rukaba rutabasha gutanga ibimenyetso bindi cyangwa ibisobanuro bivuguruza ibyatanzwe n’impande zajuriye hamwe n’impuguke.

[64] Kuri iyi ngingo kandi, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa n’uruhande rwa Furaha Eugène ko inyandiko yiswe” urutonde rw’abapiganwe” ari yo igize raporo ya cyamunara harimo kwitiranya ibintu, ahubwo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 9, igika cya 2, 8º y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 002/2021/ORG yo ku wa 29/06/2021 ahindura Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate, urutonde rw’abapiganwe mu cyamunara ruri muri bimwe mu bigaragazwa muri raporo ya cyamunara.

## Page 17

[65] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Me Habimana Vedaste n’ubwa Kambanda Elie bufite ishingiro, bityo urubanza RCOMA 00807/2021/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 30/12/2021, rukaba ruhindutse.

2. Ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi

[66] Me Abijuru Emmanuel asaba ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugenera uwo ahagarariye 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 3.000.000Frw y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu, guhangayika, no gusubizwa 40.000Frw y’igarama yishyuye arega yari yasabye kwishyurwa na Furaha Eugène mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [67] Furaha Eugène avuga ko yagaragaje ko Kambanda Elie arimo kwitwara nk’uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate kandi atari we wayigurishije, ko yari afite uburenganzira ku mutungo we watejwe cyamunara mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kandi ko yareze Me Habimana Vedaste kuko ari we wateje cyamunara, ko atigeze arega Kambanda Elie kuko yaje mu rubanza arugobotsemo ku bushake, akaba adakwiye guhindukira ngo abisabire indishyi, bityo ko indishyi asaba nta shingiro zifite.

[68] Mukabibi Fatuma avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nirusuzuma indishyi Me Habimana Vedaste yaciwe ruzasanga nta shingiro ryazo, kubera ko nta kosa yakoze mu ikorwa rya cyamunara. Asaba ko Urukiko rusanze bihindutse, rwategeka ko uwo yunganira ari we ukwiye guhabwa 2.000.000Frw, zikubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza.

[69] Furaha Eugène avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nta ndishyi rwaciye Me Habimana Vedaste, ko ahubwo rwasanze impamvu ze z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite, rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. Asoza asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Me Habimana Vedaste nta shingiro bufite, ko n’indishyi asaba nta shingiro zifite.

[70] Furaha Eugène avuga ko kuba Me Habimana Vedaste yaramushoye mu manza z’amaherere bikamusaba gushyiraho Avoka umuburanira bikaba byaramuteje igihombo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukwiye kumutegeka kumuha 10.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yiyongera ku yemejwe n’umucamanza mu rubanza RCOM 01456/2021/TC no mu rubanza RCOMA 00807/2021/HCC.

Uko Urukiko rubibona

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[71] Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo, gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”.

[72] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Kambanda Elie yari yasabye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi atahawe, Urukiko rurasanga, nta ruhare Furaha Eugène yagize mu kumuzana mu rubanza kuko bigaragara ko ari we wagobotse mu rubanza ku bushake.

[73] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwategetse Me Habimana Vedaste guha Furaha Eugène, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, bitakiri ngombwa kumva ko afite inshingano zo gutanga ayo mafaranga kubera ko ubujurire bwe buhawe ishingiro, ibi kandi bikaba binashingirwaho hemezwa ko nta mafaranga agomba gutanga arebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego.

[74] Ku birebana n’amafaranga 2.000.000 Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza Me Habimana Vedaste asaba gusubizwa na Furaha Eugène, Urukiko rurasanga afite ishingiro kuko yiyambaje umunyamategeko wo kumwunganira, ariko ayo asaba akaba ari menshi, bityo mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, rukaba rumugeneye 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, yose hamwe akaba 700.000 Frw.

III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[75] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Me Habimana Vedaste n’ubwa Kambanda Elie, bufite ishingiro.

[76] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCOMA 00807/2021/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 30/12/2021, ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose.

[77] Rwemeje ko cyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo wa Furaha Eugène, ku wa 01/11/2021, ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/06/01/25, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Amajyambere, Akagari ka Gasharu, Umurenge wa Kicukiro, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, igumana agaciro kayo kuko yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.

## Page 19

[78] Rutegetse Furaha Eugène guha Me Habimana Vedaste 700.000 Frw akubiyemo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego.

[79] Rutegetse ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe n’abajuriye, ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.