UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KUMUHANDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KUMUHANDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00826/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KUMUHANDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00826/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,) 17 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Incamake y’ikibazo: Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yafashwe afite urumogi iwe munzu, rungana n’irobo, maze ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, busaba ko cyamuhama, maze akagihanirwa. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha, abisabira imbabazi, asaba no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, rushingiye ku bimenyetso byemeza ko Kamuhanda yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha aregwa, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri n’enye (24.000.000Frw). Kamuhanda yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemeye icyaha ariko ko yahawe ibihano biremereye. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, no kuba Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inzego z’ubutabera ku buryo buzwi, byamubera impamvu ituma igihano yahawe mu rwego rubanza cyagabanywa, maze rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ibihano, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (5.000.000Frw). Kamuhanda yajuririye nanone Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhannye rwihanukiriye, rwirengagiza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragaje. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta kosa rikenewe gukosorwa mu rubanza rujurirwa kuko Urukiko Rukuru, rwitaye kumpamvu nyoroshyacyaha uregwa avuga zirengagijwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yahingiweho:

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Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Imanza zifashishijwe, ingingo ya 2 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA, rw’ ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023; Urubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 03/01/2021, ubwo abashinzwe umutekano bari mugikorwa cya patrol banareba neza ko amabwiriza yo kubahiriza Covid-19 akurikizwa, bahawe amakuru ko Kamuhanda Jean Bosco afite urumogi iwe munzu, bajyayo, bamusangana urumogi rungana n’irobo ruri muri enveloppe. Bamushyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, busaba ko cyamuhama, akagihanirwa. [3] Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yaburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura ko urumogi yafatanwe yaruzaniwe n’abahungu bakoraga ku mapoto y’umuriro, ababaza uko bamubonera urumogi n’abakiriya bo kurugura, kuko yabonaga barunywa, maze ubwa mbere bamuzanira urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 11 atugura ku mafaranga 4.700Frw, ubwa kabiri bamuha irobo kumafaranga ibihumbi birindwi(7.000Frw), agiye kurugurisha nibwo bahise bamufata. Akaba abisabira imbabazi, asaba no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00041/2021/TGI/NGOMA, rwaciwe ku wa 19/02/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Kamuhanda Jean Bosco, yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi aribyo: Imvugo ze imbere y’Urukiko no mubugenzacyaha yemera icyaha, agasobanura uko yagikoze n’uburyo yagiye agurisha urumogi, n’aho arurangura, akanabisira imbabazi;  Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja; Inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemera ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwe. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwahamije Kamuhanda Jean Bosco icyaha cyo gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri n’enye (24.000.000Frw). [5] Kamuhanda Jean Bosco, yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemeye icyaha ariko ahabwa ibihano biremereye. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yemeye icyaha asaba imbabazi, nubu akaba agikomeje kucyemera, bukaba busanga yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2

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y’itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agace ka (a) na ka (d), agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00353/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe ku wa 26/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, no kuba Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inzego z’ubutabera ku buryo buzwi, byamubera impamvu ituma igihano yahawe mu rwego rubanza cyagabanywa, runashingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na ka (d) y’itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ibihano. Ruhanisha Kamuhanda Jean Bosco igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (5.000.000Frw). [8] Kamuhanda Jean Bosco, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00826/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/04/2025, Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, Kamuhanda Jean Bosco, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhannye rwihanukiriye, rwirengagiza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze yagaragaje. [10] Me Micomyiza Liliane, umwunganira, nawe amusabira kugabanyirizwa igihano kuburyo buhagije kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yagaragaje ndetse no kuba amaze kwicuza kandi ko icyaha yakoze atazagisubira. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta kosa rikenewe gukosorwa mu rubanza rujurirwa kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwitaye kumpamvu nyoroshyacyaha Kamuhanda Jean Bosco avuga zirengagijwe, rumugabanyiriza igihano kugeza kuri gito giteganyirijwe icyaha yakoze iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [12] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Kamuhanda Jean Bosco akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuri uru rwego. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba Kamuhanda Jean Bosco akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuri uru rwego [13] Kamuhanda Jean Bosco asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko Urukiko rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze z’uko ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho n’ubutabera ndetse no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateje kuko nta muntu n’umwe wari wakaguze k’urumogi yafatanwe. Akomeza asaba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) ashingiye kumirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2019, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu aho yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 10 aho kuba imyaka 25, ndetse n’uwatanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, aho

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Urukiko rwavuze ko kutagabanyirizwa igihano binyuranye n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. [14] Me Micomyiza Liliane nawe asabira Kamuhanda Jean Bosco kugabanyirizwa ibihano ashingiye ku biteganwa mu ngingo ya 2 agace ka (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023, ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Anasobanura ko imirongo yavanweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku bijyanye no kutajya munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 ku cyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu mugihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, itambuye umucamanza ubwigenge bwo gufata icyemezo, bityo ko uwo yunganira yagabanyirizwa igihano. [15] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, nta kosa rikenewe gukosorwa mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko Urukiko rwitaye kumpamvu nyoroshyacyaha za Kamuhanda Jean Bosco rumuhanisha igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Akomeza avuga ko nta mpaka zikwiye kujya kubijyanye no kutajya munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kuko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude.Asaba ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igumaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Impaka muri uru rubanza, zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha no kumanza zagaragajwe, rukagabanya igihano kikajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. [16] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 601 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA2 rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwemeza ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, harimo urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC n’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA kimwe n’izindi manza zose zagendeye muri uwo murongo wo kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko3.

1 Iyo ngingo yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano ariko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’urw’Ubujurire zisobanura mu manza zitandukanye ko ubwo buryo bwo kugabanya ibihano bunyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye n’ubwigenge bw’umucamanza kuko budatanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije bufasha umucamanza guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’igihano.

2 Reba igika cyarwo cya 26 aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mugihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe.

3 Reba igika cya 17-18 cy’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse.

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[17] Ku bijyanye n’ubusabe bwa Kamuhanda Jean Bosco ko urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019 n’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2019, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu aho yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 10 aho kuba imyaka 25, zashingirwaho mukumugabanyiriza ibihano, rurasanga hakurikijwe itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe mugika kibanziriza iki, biragaragara ko izi manza zaciwe mbere yuko iryo tegeko risohoka bityo zikaba zidashobora gushingirwaho mukumugabanyiriza ibihano. [18] Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko N 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko N 68/2018, ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’Urukiko ahanishwa: 1o igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze milioni makumyabiri(20.000.000Frw) ariko atarenze milioni mirongo itatu(30.000.000Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye…”. [19] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 154, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera, rushingiye no ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ingana na milioni makumyabiri n’enye (24.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye.

[21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakoze mukugabanyiriza Kamuhanda Jean Bosco igihano rukagarukira ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mugihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kuko ubusanzwe icyo cyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu nkuko ingingo 11 yavuzwe haruguru, mu gika cya 18 ibigaragaza.

4 Reba urubanza RPA 00353/2021/HC/RWG.

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[22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rurasanga kandi igihano Kamuhanda Jean Bosco yahawe, kitagomba kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) nkuko abyifuza, rushingiwe kumurongo watanzwe murubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse wagarutsweho mu gika cya 16. Uwo murongo ukaba waranakurikijwe no mu zindi manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, muziherutse, hakaba harimo urubanza RPAA 00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude5.

[23] Naho ibyo Kamuhanda Jean Bosco avuga ko impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze zititaweho, nta shingiro bifite kuko nkuko bigaragara mu gika cya 15 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, zitaweho bituma agabanyirizwa ibihano, uretse ko niyo zari kuba zitaritaweho, Urukiko rutari kumugabanyiriza igihano, ngo rujye munsi y’icyo rwamuhaye kubera impamvu zasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 16. [24] Hashingiwe kubimaze kuvugwa byose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Kamuhanda Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite, bityo igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ingana na miliyoni eshanu(5.000.000Frw) kikaba kigomba kugumaho. III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kamuhanda Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite; [26] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00353/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 26/07/2024, rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [27] Rwemeje ko Kamuhanda Jean Bosco, akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana; [28] Rutegetse ko Kamuhanda Jean Bosco asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

5 Reba igika cyarwo cya 12.